Regionalliga (football)
Encyclopedia
The Fußball-Regionalliga is the fourth tier of football in the German football league system
. Until 1974, it was the second tier of the league system before being disbanded. The Regionalliga was then re-introduced as the third tier of the system in 1994. Upon introduction of a new nationwide 3rd Liga
in 2008, it was demoted to the fourth level of the pyramid.
in 1963 until the formation of the 2nd Bundesliga
in 1974, there were five Regionalligas, forming the second tier of German Football:
The champions and runners-up of the respective divisions played out two promotion spots to the Bundesliga
in two groups after the end of the season.
In 1974 the two 2nd Bundesligas, Süd
and Nord
became the second tier of German Football and the Regionalligas ceased existing for the next 20 years.
Between 1994 and 2000, promotion to the 2nd Bundesliga was regulated without much continuity. It was a problematic rule, as becoming champion of a division did not automatically mean promotion for that team. The champions of the South and West/Southwest divisions were automatically promoted, however, along with one of the two runners-up. The champions of the North and Northeast divisions had a play-off to decide who would get the fourth promotion spot. This rule was justified because there are more clubs in the southern part of Germany than the north.
In 1998, the promotion rule was changed again: the winner of the play-off between the North and Northeast division champions was promoted, while the loser faced the runners-up from the West/Southwest and South divisions in another play-off for the remaining promotion spot.
The new divisional alignment was not bound to certain states any more so teams could be moved between the divisions in order to balance club numbers. This led to some clubs in the Southern division being geographically further north than some northern clubs, and vice-versa.
The champions and the runners-up of every division were promoted to the 2nd Bundesliga
.
. However, there was an expansion to three divisions:
"Covering" means that the single divisions will be annually re-aligned to geographic location by a DFB
committee in order to have 18 teams assigned to each division every year. This may lead to teams assigned to a division other than their geographical one. An example for this is BV Cloppenburg
, who was assigned to the Western division for the 2008–09 season despite being located in Niedersachsen.
The five league champions and the runners-up of the Regionalliga Süd/Südwest will then play-off for the three promotion spots in a home-and-away series. The new leagues will consist of up to 22 clubs in their inaugural season but will then have to be reduced to between 16 and 18 clubs. The Regionalligas will not be administrated by the DFB but rather by the regional football associations. In regards to reserve teams, initially only seven are permitted per league, however, this rule may be subject to change under certain circumstances. Reserve sides of 3rd Liga teams are not permitted in the Regionalliga.
The reorganisation of the Regionalligas so soon after the last changes in 2008 became necessary because of a large number of insolvencies. These were caused by a lack of media interest in the leagues combined with large expenses and infrastructure demands. The five Regionalligas from 2012 will be:
Some regional football associations, like the Bavarian one, have proposed changes to the league system below the Regionalliga in their area. The Bavarian FA is contemplating the introduction of two Verbandsligas below the Regionalliga and to increase the number of Landesligas from three to five below the new Verbandsligas.
. This license is granted if the club can prove that they are financially sound, that their stadium conforms to the security regulations, and that they have a working youth section.
. In the Regionalliga Nord, the fourth-to-last team will also be demoted.
As clubs in the Regionalliga must have their teams licensed by the DFB on a per-season basis, a team may also be relegated by having its license revoked or by going into administration
. Reserve teams are also relegated when the respective first team is relegated to the Regionalliga.
German football league system
The German football league system, or league pyramid, refers to a series of hierarchically interconnected leagues for association football clubs in Germany that consists of over 2,300 men's divisions, in which all leagues are bound together by the principle of promotion and relegation...
. Until 1974, it was the second tier of the league system before being disbanded. The Regionalliga was then re-introduced as the third tier of the system in 1994. Upon introduction of a new nationwide 3rd Liga
3rd Liga
The 3rd Liga is the third division of football in Germany. The league started with the beginning of the 2008–09 season, when it replaced the Regionalliga as the third tier football league in Germany. In the German football league system, it is positioned between the 2...
in 2008, it was demoted to the fourth level of the pyramid.
1963 to 1974
From the introduction of the BundesligaFußball-Bundesliga
The Fußball-Bundesliga is a professional association football league in Germany. At the top of Germany's football league system, it is the country's primary football competition. It is contested by 18 teams and operates on a system of promotion and relegation with the 2. Bundesliga...
in 1963 until the formation of the 2nd Bundesliga
2. Fußball-Bundesliga
- Changes in division set-up :* Number of clubs: currently 18. From 1974 to 1981 there were two conferences, each of 20 teams. In 1981–91 it had 20...
in 1974, there were five Regionalligas, forming the second tier of German Football:
- Regionalliga NordRegionalliga Nord (1963-74)The Regionalliga Nord was the second-highest level of the German football league system in the north of Germany from 1963 until the formation of the 2nd Bundesliga in 1974...
, (covering the states of Niedersachsen, Schleswig-Holstein, Bremen and Hamburg) - Regionalliga WestRegionalliga West (1963-74)The Regionalliga West was the second-highest level of the German football league system in the west of Germany from 1963 until the formation of the 2nd Bundesliga in 1974...
, (covering the state of Nordrhein-Westfalen) - Regionalliga BerlinRegionalliga Berlin (1963-74)The Regionalliga Berlin was the second-highest level of the German football league system in the city of West-Berlin in Germany from 1963 until the formation of the 2. Bundesliga in 1974. It was by far the smallest of the five Regionalligen.-Overview:...
, (covering West-Berlin) - Regionalliga SüdwestRegionalliga Südwest (1963-74)The Regionalliga Südwest was the second-highest level of the German football league system in the southwest of Germany from 1963 until the formation of the 2nd Bundesliga in 1974...
, (covering the states of Rheinland-Pfalz and Saarland) - Regionalliga SüdRegionalliga Süd (1963-74)The Regionalliga Süd was the second-highest level of the German football league system. It existed in the south of Germany from 1963 until the formation of the 2nd Bundesliga in 1974. It covered the three states of Bavaria, Baden-Württemberg and Hessen....
, (covering the states of Bayern, Hessen and Baden-Württemberg)
The champions and runners-up of the respective divisions played out two promotion spots to the Bundesliga
Fußball-Bundesliga
The Fußball-Bundesliga is a professional association football league in Germany. At the top of Germany's football league system, it is the country's primary football competition. It is contested by 18 teams and operates on a system of promotion and relegation with the 2. Bundesliga...
in two groups after the end of the season.
In 1974 the two 2nd Bundesligas, Süd
2nd Bundesliga Süd (1974-81)
The 2. Fußball-Bundesliga Süd was the second-highest level of the German football league system in the south of Germany from 1974 until the formation of the single-division 2. Fußball-Bundesliga in 1981...
and Nord
2nd Bundesliga Nord (1974-81)
The 2. Fußball-Bundesliga Nord was the second-highest level of the German football league system in the north of Germany from 1974 until the formation of the single-division 2. Fußball-Bundesliga in 1981...
became the second tier of German Football and the Regionalligas ceased existing for the next 20 years.
1994 to 2000
In 1994 the Regionalligas were re-introduced, this time as the third tier of German Football. There were initially four Regionalligas:- Regionalliga SüdRegionalliga SüdThe Regionalliga Süd is currently the fourth tier of the German football league system. Until the introduction of the 3rd Liga in 2008, it was the third tier. It currently is the highest regional league for the southern part of Germany...
, (covering the states of Bayern, Hessen and Baden-Württemberg) - Regionalliga West/SüdwestRegionalliga West/SüdwestThe Regionalliga West/Südwest was the third tier of the German football league system in the states of Saarland, Rheinland-Pfalz and Nordrhein-Westfalen from 1994 to 2000.- Overview :...
, (covering the states of Rheinland-Pfalz, Saarland and Nordrhein-Westfalen) - Regionalliga NordRegionalliga NordThe Regionalliga Nord is currently the fourth tier of the German football league system. Until the introduction of the 3rd Liga in 2008 it was the third tier. It currently is the highest regional league for the northern and eastern part of Germany. It covers ten of the sixteen states of Germany...
, (covering the states of Niedersachsen, Schleswig-Holstein, Bremen and Hamburg) - Regionalliga NordostRegionalliga NordostThe Regionalliga Nordost was the third tier of the German football league system in the states of former East Germany and West-Berlin from 1994 to 2000. As such, it was almost identical in territorial cover to the old DDR-Oberliga....
, (covering the states of Brandenburg, Berlin, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen and Sachsen)
Between 1994 and 2000, promotion to the 2nd Bundesliga was regulated without much continuity. It was a problematic rule, as becoming champion of a division did not automatically mean promotion for that team. The champions of the South and West/Southwest divisions were automatically promoted, however, along with one of the two runners-up. The champions of the North and Northeast divisions had a play-off to decide who would get the fourth promotion spot. This rule was justified because there are more clubs in the southern part of Germany than the north.
In 1998, the promotion rule was changed again: the winner of the play-off between the North and Northeast division champions was promoted, while the loser faced the runners-up from the West/Southwest and South divisions in another play-off for the remaining promotion spot.
2000 to 2008
In 2000 the number of Regionalligas was reduced to two:- Regionalliga NordRegionalliga NordThe Regionalliga Nord is currently the fourth tier of the German football league system. Until the introduction of the 3rd Liga in 2008 it was the third tier. It currently is the highest regional league for the northern and eastern part of Germany. It covers ten of the sixteen states of Germany...
, (covering northern Germany) - Regionalliga SüdRegionalliga SüdThe Regionalliga Süd is currently the fourth tier of the German football league system. Until the introduction of the 3rd Liga in 2008, it was the third tier. It currently is the highest regional league for the southern part of Germany...
, (covering southern Germany)
The new divisional alignment was not bound to certain states any more so teams could be moved between the divisions in order to balance club numbers. This led to some clubs in the Southern division being geographically further north than some northern clubs, and vice-versa.
The champions and the runners-up of every division were promoted to the 2nd Bundesliga
2. Fußball-Bundesliga
- Changes in division set-up :* Number of clubs: currently 18. From 1974 to 1981 there were two conferences, each of 20 teams. In 1981–91 it had 20...
.
2008 to 2012
In 2008 the Regionalliga was demoted to become the fourth tier of football in Germany after the introduction of a new nationwide 3rd Liga3rd Liga
The 3rd Liga is the third division of football in Germany. The league started with the beginning of the 2008–09 season, when it replaced the Regionalliga as the third tier football league in Germany. In the German football league system, it is positioned between the 2...
. However, there was an expansion to three divisions:
- Regionalliga NordRegionalliga NordThe Regionalliga Nord is currently the fourth tier of the German football league system. Until the introduction of the 3rd Liga in 2008 it was the third tier. It currently is the highest regional league for the northern and eastern part of Germany. It covers ten of the sixteen states of Germany...
, (covering the states of Brandenburg, Berlin, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen, Sachsen, Niedersachsen, Schleswig-Holstein, Bremen and Hamburg - Regionalliga SüdRegionalliga SüdThe Regionalliga Süd is currently the fourth tier of the German football league system. Until the introduction of the 3rd Liga in 2008, it was the third tier. It currently is the highest regional league for the southern part of Germany...
, (covering the states of Bayern, Hessen and Baden-Württemberg) - Regionalliga WestRegionalliga WestThe Regionalliga West is the fourth tier of the German football league system since its introduction in 2008. It covers the states of Rhineland-Palatinate, Saarland and North Rhine-Westphalia and is one of three leagues at this level, together with the Regionalliga Nord and the Regionalliga...
, (covering the states of Rheinland-Pfalz, Saarland and Nordrhein-Westfalen)
"Covering" means that the single divisions will be annually re-aligned to geographic location by a DFB
German Football Association
The German Football Association is the governing body of football in Germany. A founding member of both FIFA and UEFA, the DFB organises the German football leagues, including the national league, the Bundesliga, and the men's and women's national teams. The DFB is based in Frankfurt and is...
committee in order to have 18 teams assigned to each division every year. This may lead to teams assigned to a division other than their geographical one. An example for this is BV Cloppenburg
BV Cloppenburg
BV Cloppenburg is a German association football club located in Cloppenburg, Lower Saxony. The club was founded after World War I in 1919 as the successor to SV Cloppenburg 1911...
, who was assigned to the Western division for the 2008–09 season despite being located in Niedersachsen.
2012 onwards
In October 2010, yet another reform of the Regionalligas was decided upon. The number of leagues were now to be expanded to five, with the defunct Regionalliga Nordost to be reestablished and a Regionalliga Bayern to be established. Also, the Regionalliga West would lose the clubs from the south west to a new league, formed out of those clubs and the clubs from Regionalliga Süd without the Bavarian teams. The new system is due to come into operation in the 2012–13 season. It was also decided to limit the number of reserve teams per Regionalliga to seven.The five league champions and the runners-up of the Regionalliga Süd/Südwest will then play-off for the three promotion spots in a home-and-away series. The new leagues will consist of up to 22 clubs in their inaugural season but will then have to be reduced to between 16 and 18 clubs. The Regionalligas will not be administrated by the DFB but rather by the regional football associations. In regards to reserve teams, initially only seven are permitted per league, however, this rule may be subject to change under certain circumstances. Reserve sides of 3rd Liga teams are not permitted in the Regionalliga.
The reorganisation of the Regionalligas so soon after the last changes in 2008 became necessary because of a large number of insolvencies. These were caused by a lack of media interest in the leagues combined with large expenses and infrastructure demands. The five Regionalligas from 2012 will be:
- Regionalliga NordRegionalliga NordThe Regionalliga Nord is currently the fourth tier of the German football league system. Until the introduction of the 3rd Liga in 2008 it was the third tier. It currently is the highest regional league for the northern and eastern part of Germany. It covers ten of the sixteen states of Germany...
, (covering the states of Lower Saxony, Schleswig-Holstein, Bremen and Hamburg) - Regionalliga NordostRegionalliga NordostThe Regionalliga Nordost was the third tier of the German football league system in the states of former East Germany and West-Berlin from 1994 to 2000. As such, it was almost identical in territorial cover to the old DDR-Oberliga....
, (covering the states of Brandenburg, Berlin, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Saxony-Anhalt, Thuringia and Saxony) - Regionalliga WestRegionalliga WestThe Regionalliga West is the fourth tier of the German football league system since its introduction in 2008. It covers the states of Rhineland-Palatinate, Saarland and North Rhine-Westphalia and is one of three leagues at this level, together with the Regionalliga Nord and the Regionalliga...
, (covering the state of North Rhine-Westphalia) - Regionalliga Süd/SüdwestRegionalliga Süd/SüdwestThe Regionalliga Süd/Südwest will be the fourth tier of the German football league system from 2012 in the states of Hesse, Baden-Württemberg, Rhineland-Palatinate and Saarland...
, (covering the states of Rhineland-Palatinate, Saarland, Hesse and Baden-Württemberg) - Regionalliga BayernRegionalliga BayernThe Regionalliga Bayern, , will be the highest football league in the state of Bavaria and the Bavarian Football League System. It will be one of five Regionalligas in German football, the 4th tier of the German football league system, below the 3rd Liga....
, (covering the state of Bavaria)
Some regional football associations, like the Bavarian one, have proposed changes to the league system below the Regionalliga in their area. The Bavarian FA is contemplating the introduction of two Verbandsligas below the Regionalliga and to increase the number of Landesligas from three to five below the new Verbandsligas.
Licensing
A club that wants to play in the Regionalliga must meet two conditions. First, the team must qualify for the league. Second, the club must obtain a license from the DFBGerman Football Association
The German Football Association is the governing body of football in Germany. A founding member of both FIFA and UEFA, the DFB organises the German football leagues, including the national league, the Bundesliga, and the men's and women's national teams. The DFB is based in Frankfurt and is...
. This license is granted if the club can prove that they are financially sound, that their stadium conforms to the security regulations, and that they have a working youth section.
Promotion
The champions of each division are promoted to the 3rd Liga at the end of the season. Reserve teams will also be eligible for promotion unless the respective first team is playing in the 3rd Liga.Relegation
The bottom three teams of each division are demoted to their respective OberligaOberliga (football)
The Oberliga is currently the name of the fifth tier of the German football leagues. Before the introduction of the 3rd Liga in 2008, it was the fourth tier...
. In the Regionalliga Nord, the fourth-to-last team will also be demoted.
As clubs in the Regionalliga must have their teams licensed by the DFB on a per-season basis, a team may also be relegated by having its license revoked or by going into administration
Administration (insolvency)
As a legal concept, administration is a procedure under the insolvency laws of a number of common law jurisdictions. It functions as a rescue mechanism for insolvent entities and allows them to carry on running their business. The process – an alternative to liquidation – is often known as going...
. Reserve teams are also relegated when the respective first team is relegated to the Regionalliga.
Squad rules
Matchday squads in the Regionalliga must include at least six players of German nationality and under the age of 24, two under the age of 21, and a maximum of three non-EU players.North
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