Ras superfamily
Encyclopedia
The Ras superfamily is a protein superfamily
of small GTPase
s, which are all related, to a degree, to the Ras protein subfamily (the key human members of which are KRAS
, NRAS
, and HRAS
).
There are more than a hundred proteins in the Ras superfamily. Based on structure, sequence and function, the Ras superfamily is divided into eight main families, each of which is further divided into subfamilies: Ras, Rad
, Rab
, Rap
, Ran
, Rho
, Rheb
, Rit
, and Arf
. Miro is a recent contributor to the superfamily.
Each subfamily shares the common core G domain, which provides essential GTPase and nucleotide exchange activity.
The surrounding sequence helps determine the functional specificity of the small GTPase, for example the 'Insert Loop', common to the Rho subfamily, specifically contributes to binding to effector proteins such as IQGAP and WASP
.
The Ras family is generally responsible for cell proliferation, Rho for cell morphology, nuclear transport for Ran and vesicle transport for Rab and Arf:
Unclassified:
Protein family
A protein family is a group of evolutionarily-related proteins, and is often nearly synonymous with gene family. The term protein family should not be confused with family as it is used in taxonomy....
of small GTPase
Small GTPase
Small GTPases are a family of hydrolase enzymes that can bind and hydrolyze guanosine triphosphate . They are a form of G-proteins found in the cytosol which are homologous to the alpha subunit of heterotrimeric G-proteins, but unlike the alpha subunit of G proteins, a small GTPase can function...
s, which are all related, to a degree, to the Ras protein subfamily (the key human members of which are KRAS
KRAS
GTPase KRas also known as V-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog and KRAS, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KRAS gene. Like other members of the Ras family, the KRAS protein is a GTPase and is an early player in many signal transduction pathways...
, NRAS
Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog
NRAS is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the NRAS gene. It was discovered by researchers at the Institute of Cancer Research, funded by the Imperial Cancer Research Fund , and named NRAS, for its initial identification in human neuroblastoma cells.-External links:*...
, and HRAS
HRAS
GTPase HRas also known as transforming protein p21 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the HRAS gene. The HRAS gene is located on the short arm of chromosome 11 at position 15.5, from base pair 522,241 to base pair 525,549.- Function :...
).
There are more than a hundred proteins in the Ras superfamily. Based on structure, sequence and function, the Ras superfamily is divided into eight main families, each of which is further divided into subfamilies: Ras, Rad
RRAD
GTP-binding protein RAD is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RRAD gene.-Interactions:RRAD has been shown to interact with CAMK2G and TPM2.-Further reading:...
, Rab
Rab (G-protein)
The Rab family of proteins is a member of the Ras superfamily of monomeric G proteins. Approximately 70 types of Rabs have now been identified in humans. Rab GTPases regulate many steps of membrane traffic, including vesicle formation, vesicle movement along actin and tubulin networks, and membrane...
, Rap
Rap GTP-binding protein
Rap GTP-binding protein also known as Ras-related proteins or simply RAP is a type of small GTPase, similar in structure to Ras.These proteins share approximately 50% amino acid identity with the classical RAS proteins and have numerous structural features in common...
, Ran
Ran (biology)
Ran is a small 25Kda protein that is involved in transport into and out of the cell nucleus during interphase and also involved in mitosis. It is a member of the Ras superfamily....
, Rho
Rho family of GTPases
The Rho family of GTPases is a family of small signaling G protein , and is a subfamily of the Ras superfamily. The members of the Rho GTPase family have been shown to regulate many aspects of intracellular actin dynamics, and are found in all eukaryotic organisms including yeasts and some plants...
, Rheb
RHEB
GTP-binding protein Rheb also known as Ras homolog enriched in brain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RHEB gene.- Function :Rheb is a recently discovered member of the Ras superfamily that may be involved in neural plasticity...
, Rit
RIT1
GTP-binding protein Rit1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RIT1 gene.-Interactions:RIT1 has been shown to interact with KLHL12 and Merlin.-Further reading:...
, and Arf
ADP ribosylation factor
ADP Ribosylation Factors are members of the ARF family of GTP-binding proteins of the Ras superfamily. ARF family proteins are ubiquitous in eukaryotic cells, and six highly conserved members of the family have been identified in mammalian cells. Although ARFs are soluble, they generally...
. Miro is a recent contributor to the superfamily.
Each subfamily shares the common core G domain, which provides essential GTPase and nucleotide exchange activity.
The surrounding sequence helps determine the functional specificity of the small GTPase, for example the 'Insert Loop', common to the Rho subfamily, specifically contributes to binding to effector proteins such as IQGAP and WASP
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein
The Wiskott–Aldrich Syndrome Protein is a 502-amino acid protein that is expressed in cells of the hematopoietic system. In the inactive state, WASp exists in an auto-inhibited conformation with sequences near its C-terminus binding to a region near its N-terminus...
.
The Ras family is generally responsible for cell proliferation, Rho for cell morphology, nuclear transport for Ran and vesicle transport for Rab and Arf:
Subfamilies and members
The following is a list of human proteins belonging to the Ras superfamily:| Subfamily | Function | Members |
|---|---|---|
| Ras | cell proliferation | DIRAS1; DIRAS2; DIRAS3; ERAS; GEM GEM (gene) GTP-binding protein GEM is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GEM gene.-Further reading:... ; HRAS HRAS GTPase HRas also known as transforming protein p21 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the HRAS gene. The HRAS gene is located on the short arm of chromosome 11 at position 15.5, from base pair 522,241 to base pair 525,549.- Function :... ; KRAS KRAS GTPase KRas also known as V-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog and KRAS, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KRAS gene. Like other members of the Ras family, the KRAS protein is a GTPase and is an early player in many signal transduction pathways... ; MRAS MRAS Ras-related protein M-Ras is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MRAS gene.-Interactions:MRAS has been shown to interact with RASSF5 and RALGDS.-Further reading:... ; NKIRAS1; NKIRAS2 NKIRAS2 NFKB inhibitor interacting Ras-like 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NKIRAS2 gene.... ; NRAS Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog NRAS is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the NRAS gene. It was discovered by researchers at the Institute of Cancer Research, funded by the Imperial Cancer Research Fund , and named NRAS, for its initial identification in human neuroblastoma cells.-External links:*... ; RALA RALA Ras-related protein Ral-A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RALA gene.-Interactions:RALA has been shown to interact with Filamin, Phospholipase D1 and RALBP1.-Further reading:... ; RALB RALB Ras-related protein Ral-B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RALB gene.-Interactions:RALB has been shown to interact with EXOC8 and RALBP1.-Further reading:... ; RAP1A RAP1A Ras-related protein Rap-1A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAP1A gene.- Function :The product of this gene belongs to the family of Ras-related proteins. These proteins share approximately 50% amino acid identity with the classical RAS proteins and have numerous structural features in... ; RAP1B RAP1B Ras-related protein Rap-1b, also known as GTP-binding protein smg p21B, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAP1B gene.... ; RAP2A RAP2A Ras-related protein Rap-2a is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAP2A gene. RAP2A is a member of the Ras-related protein family.-Interactions:RAP2A has been shown to interact with RUNDC3A, RASSF5 and RALGDS.-Further reading:... ; RAP2B RAP2B Ras-related protein Rap-2b is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAP2B gene. RAP2B belongs to the Ras-related protein family.-Further reading:... ; RAP2C; RASD1 RASD1 Dexamethasone-induced Ras-related protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RASD1 gene.-Further reading:... ; RASD2 RASD2 GTP-binding protein Rhes is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RASD2 gene.-Further reading:... ; RASL10A; RASL10B; RASL11A; RASL11B RASL11B Ras-like protein family member 11B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RASL11B gene.-Further reading:... ; RASL12; REM1; REM2; RERG; RERGL; RRAD RRAD GTP-binding protein RAD is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RRAD gene.-Interactions:RRAD has been shown to interact with CAMK2G and TPM2.-Further reading:... ; RRAS RRAS Ras-related protein R-Ras is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RRAS gene.-Interactions:RRAS has been shown to interact with RASSF5, NCK1, Bcl-2, ARAF and RALGDS.-Further reading:... ; RRAS2 RRAS2 Ras-related protein R-Ras2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RRAS2 gene.-Further reading:... |
| Rho | cytoskeletal dynamics/morphology | RHOA RHOA Ras homolog gene family, member A is a small GTPase protein known to regulate the actin cytoskeleton in the formation of stress fibers. In humans, it is encoded by the gene RHOA.... ; RHOB RHOB Ras homolog gene family, member B, also known as RHOB, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the RHOB gene.RHOB is a member of the Rho GTP-binding protein family.-Interactions:... ; RHOBTB1 RHOBTB1 Rho-related BTB domain-containing protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RHOBTB1 gene.-Further reading:... ; RHOBTB2 RHOBTB2 Rho-related BTB domain-containing protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RHOBTB2 gene.-Further reading:... ; RHOC RhoC RhoC is a small signaling G protein , and is a member of the Rac subfamily of the family Rho family of GTPases. It is encoded by the gene RHOC. -Mechanism and function:... ; RHOD RhoD RhoD is a small signaling G protein , and is a member of the Rac subfamily of the family Rho family of GTPases. It is encoded by the gene RHOD... ; RHOF; RHOG RhoG RhoG is a small monomeric GTP-binding protein , and is an important component of many intracellular signalling pathways... ; RHOH; RHOJ RHOJ Rho-related GTP-binding protein RhoJ is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RHOJ gene.-Further reading:... ; RHOQ RHOQ Rho-related GTP-binding protein RhoQ is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RHOQ gene.-Interactions:RHOQ has been shown to interact with EXOC7, GOPC, PARD6B, WASL, CDC42EP2, TRIP10 and CDC42EP3.-Further reading:... ; RHOU; RHOV; RND1 Rnd1 Rnd1 is a small signaling G protein , and is a member of the Rnd subgroup of the Rho family of GTPases.. It is encoded by the gene RND1.... ; RND2 Rnd2 Rnd2 is a small signaling G protein , and is a member of the Rnd subgroup of the Rho family of GTPases.. It is encoded by the gene RND2.... ; RND3 Rnd3 Rnd3 is a small signaling G protein , and is a member of the Rnd subgroup of the Rho family of GTPases. It is encoded by the gene RND3.... ; RAC1 RAC1 Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 also known as Rac1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAC1 gene. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene have been described, but the full-length nature of some of these variants has not been determined.- Function :Rac1 is... ; RAC2 Rac2 Rac2 is a small signaling G protein , and is a member of the Rac subfamily of the family Rho family of GTPases... ; RAC3 RAC3 Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAC3 gene.-Interactions:RAC3 has been shown to interact with CIB1 and HNF1A.-External links:* Info with links in the... ; CDC42 CDC42 Cell division control protein 42 homolog also known as CDC42 is a protein involved in regulation of the cell cycle. In humans, CDC42 is encoded by the CDC42 gene.- Function :... |
| Rab Rab (G-protein) The Rab family of proteins is a member of the Ras superfamily of monomeric G proteins. Approximately 70 types of Rabs have now been identified in humans. Rab GTPases regulate many steps of membrane traffic, including vesicle formation, vesicle movement along actin and tubulin networks, and membrane... |
membrane trafficking | RAB1A RAB1A Ras-related protein Rab-1A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAB1A gene.-Interactions:RAB1A has been shown to interact with CHM, GOLGA5, CHML, RABAC1, MICAL1 and GOLGA2.-Further reading:... ; RAB1B RAB1B Ras-related protein Rab-1B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAB1B gene.-Further reading:... ; RAB2; RAB3A RAB3A Ras-related protein Rab-3A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAB3A gene.-Interactions:RAB3A has been shown to interact with CHM, RPH3A and RIMS1.-Further reading:... ; RAB3B RAB3B Ras-related protein Rab-3B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAB3B gene.-Further reading:... ; RAB3C RAB3C Ras-related protein Rab-3C is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAB3C gene.-Further reading:... ; RAB3D RAB3D Ras-related protein Rab-3D is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAB3D gene.-Further reading:... ; RAB4A RAB4A Ras-related protein Rab-4A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAB4A gene.-Interactions:RAB4A has been shown to interact with STX4, RAB11FIP1, RABEP1, CD2AP and KIF3B.-Further reading:... ; RAB4B; RAB5A RAB5A Ras-related protein Rab-5A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAB5A gene.-Interactions:RAB5A has been shown to interact with RABEP1, SDCBP, ZFYVE20 and CHML.-Further reading:... ; RAB5B RAB5B Ras-related protein Rab-5B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAB5B gene.-Further reading:... ; RAB5C RAB5C Ras-related protein Rab-5C is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAB5C gene. RAB5C belongs to the Ras-related protein family.-Further reading:... ; RAB6A RAB6A Ras-related protein Rab-6A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAB6A gene.-Interactions:RAB6A has been shown to interact with ERC1, KIF20A, DCTN1 and BICD1.-Further reading:... ; RAB6B RAB6B Ras-related protein Rab-6B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAB6B gene.-Further reading:... ; RAB6C RAB6C Ras-related protein Rab-6C is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAB6C gene.-Further reading:... ; RAB7A RAB7A Ras-related protein Rab-7a is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAB7A gene.Various mutations of RAB7A are associated with Hereditary sensory neuropathy type 1C , also known as Charcot-Marie-Tooth syndrome type 2B .... ; RAB7B RAB7B Ras-related protein Rab-7b is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAB7B gene.- Function :Rab7 is a small GTPase that plays a role in the transport and degradation of proteins in endosomes and lysosomes in mammalian cells. Rab7b, is localized to lysosome-associated compartments and is... ; RAB7L1; RAB8A RAB8A Ras-related protein Rab-8A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAB8A gene.-Interactions:RAB8A has been shown to interact with Optineurin and MAP4K2.-Further reading:... ; RAB8B RAB8B Ras-related protein Rab-8B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAB8B gene.-Further reading:... ; RAB9; RAB9B; RABL2A; RABL2B; RABL4; RAB10 RAB10 Ras-related protein Rab-10 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAB10 gene.-Further reading:... ; RAB11A RAB11A Ras-related protein Rab-11A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAB11A gene.-Interactions:RAB11A has been shown to interact with RAB11FIP2, RAB11FIP4, RAB11FIP1, RAB11FIP5 and RAB11FIP3.... ; RAB11B RAB11B Ras-related protein Rab-11B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAB11B gene.-Further reading:... ; RAB12; RAB13 RAB13 Ras-related protein Rab-13 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAB13 gene.-Further reading:... ; RAB14 RAB14 Ras-related protein Rab-14 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAB14 gene.-Further reading:... ; RAB15 RAB15 Ras-related protein Rab-15 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAB15 gene.-Further reading:... ; RAB17 RAB17 Ras-related protein Rab-17 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAB17 gene.In melanocytic cells RAB17 gene expression may be regulated by MITF.-Further reading:... ; RAB18 RAB18 Ras-related protein Rab-18 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAB18 gene.Rab18 is a ubiquitously expressed protein with particularly high expression in brain and adipose tissue. Rab18 was first characterised as an endosomal protein in epithelial cells of mouse kidney and intestines... ; RAB19; RAB20; RAB21 RAB21 Ras-related protein Rab-21 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAB21 gene.-Further reading:... ; RAB22A RAB22A Ras-related protein Rab-22A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAB22A gene.-Further reading:... ; RAB23 RAB23 Ras-related protein Rab-23 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAB23 gene. Alternative splicing occurs at this gene locus and two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been identified.- Function :... ; RAB24; RAB25 RAB25 Ras-related protein Rab-25 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAB25 gene.-Interactions:RAB25 has been shown to interact with RAB11FIP2 and RAB11FIP5.-Further reading:... ; RAB26 RAB26 Ras-related protein Rab-26 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAB26 gene.-Further reading:... ; RAB27A RAB27A Ras-related protein Rab-27A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAB27A gene.-Interactions:RAB27A has been shown to interact with EXPH5, SYTL1, MYO5A, RPH3AL and SYTL2.-Further reading:... ; RAB27B; RAB28; RAB2B; RAB30; RAB31 RAB31 Ras-related protein Rab-31 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAB31 gene.-Further reading:... ; RAB32; RAB33A RAB33A Ras-related protein Rab-33A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAB33A gene.-Further reading:... ; RAB33B RAB33B Ras-related protein Rab-33B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAB33B gene.-Further reading:... ; RAB34 RAB34 Ras-related protein Rab-34 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAB34 gene.-Further reading:... ; RAB35 RAB35 Ras-related protein Rab-35 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAB35 gene.-Further reading:... ; RAB36 RAB36 Ras-related protein Rab-36 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAB36 gene.-Further reading:... ; RAB37 RAB37 Ras-related protein Rab-37 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAB37 gene.-Further reading:... ; RAB38 RAB38 Ras-related protein Rab-38 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAB38 gene.In melanocytic cells RAB38 gene expression may be regulated by MITF.-Further reading:... ; RAB39; RAB39B RAB39B Ras-related protein Rab-39B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAB39B gene.-Further reading:... ; RAB40A RAB40A Ras-related protein Rab-40A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAB40A gene.-Further reading:... ; RAB40AL; RAB40B; RAB40C; RAB41; RAB42; RAB43 |
| Rap | cellular adhesion Cell adhesion Cellular adhesion is the binding of a cell to a surface, extracellular matrix or another cell using cell adhesion molecules such as selectins, integrins, and cadherins. Correct cellular adhesion is essential in maintaining multicellular structure... |
RAP1A RAP1A Ras-related protein Rap-1A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAP1A gene.- Function :The product of this gene belongs to the family of Ras-related proteins. These proteins share approximately 50% amino acid identity with the classical RAS proteins and have numerous structural features in... ; RAP1B RAP1B Ras-related protein Rap-1b, also known as GTP-binding protein smg p21B, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAP1B gene.... ; RAP2A RAP2A Ras-related protein Rap-2a is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAP2A gene. RAP2A is a member of the Ras-related protein family.-Interactions:RAP2A has been shown to interact with RUNDC3A, RASSF5 and RALGDS.-Further reading:... ; RAP2B RAP2B Ras-related protein Rap-2b is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAP2B gene. RAP2B belongs to the Ras-related protein family.-Further reading:... ; RAP2C |
| Arf ADP ribosylation factor ADP Ribosylation Factors are members of the ARF family of GTP-binding proteins of the Ras superfamily. ARF family proteins are ubiquitous in eukaryotic cells, and six highly conserved members of the family have been identified in mammalian cells. Although ARFs are soluble, they generally... |
vesicular transport | ARF1 ARF1 ADP-ribosylation factor 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ARF1 gene.-Interactions:ARF1 has been shown to interact with GGA3, PLD2, COPB1 and Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3.-Further reading:... ; ARF3 ARF3 ADP-ribosylation factor 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ARF3 gene.-Interactions:ARF3 has been shown to interact with ARFIP2, GGA3, GGA1, ARFIP1 and KIF23.-Further reading:... ; ARF4 ARF4 ADP-ribosylation factor 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ARF4 gene.-Interactions:ARF4 has been shown to interact with Epidermal growth factor receptor.-Further reading:... ; ARF5 ARF5 ADP-ribosylation factor 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ARF5 gene.-Further reading:... ; ARF6 Arf6 ADP-ribosylation factor 6 is a member of the ADP ribosylation factor family of GTP-binding proteins. ARF6 has a variety of cellular functions that are frequently involved in trafficking of biological membranes and transmembrane protein cargo... ; ARL1 ARL1 ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ARL1 gene.-Interactions:ARL1 has been shown to interact with GOLGA4 and GOLGA1.-Further reading:... ; ARL2 ARL2 ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ARL2 gene.-Interactions:ARL2 has been shown to interact with Protein unc-119 homolog, TBCD and PDE6D.-Further reading:... ; ARL3 ARL3 ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ARL3 gene.-Interactions:ARL3 has been shown to interact with Protein unc-119 homolog.-Further reading:... ; ARL4; ARL5; ARL5C; ARL6 ARL6 ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ARL6 gene.-External Links:* -Further reading:... ; ARL7; ARL8; ARL9; ARL10A; ARL10B; ARL10C; ARL11 ARL11 ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 11 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ARL11 gene.-Further reading:... ; ARL13A; ARL13B ARL13B ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 13B , also known as ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 2-like 1, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ARL13B gene.- Function :... ; ARL14; ARL15; ARL16; ARL17; TRIM23 TRIM23 GTP-binding protein ARD-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TRIM23 gene.-Interactions:TRIM23 has been shown to interact with TRIM31, TRIM29 and PSCD1.-Further reading:... , ARL4D ARL4D ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 4D is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ARL4D gene.-Further reading:... ; ARFRP1 ARFRP1 ADP-ribosylation factor-related protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ARFRP1 gene.-Further reading:... ; ARFRP2; ARL13B ARL13B ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 13B , also known as ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 2-like 1, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ARL13B gene.- Function :... |
| Ran Ran (biology) Ran is a small 25Kda protein that is involved in transport into and out of the cell nucleus during interphase and also involved in mitosis. It is a member of the Ras superfamily.... |
nuclear transport Nuclear transport The entry and exit of large molecules from the cell nucleus is tightly controlled by the nuclear pore complexes . Although small molecules can enter the nucleus without regulation, macromolecules such as RNA and proteins require association with karyopherins called importins to enter the nucleus... |
RAN Ran (biology) Ran is a small 25Kda protein that is involved in transport into and out of the cell nucleus during interphase and also involved in mitosis. It is a member of the Ras superfamily.... |
| Rheb RHEB GTP-binding protein Rheb also known as Ras homolog enriched in brain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RHEB gene.- Function :Rheb is a recently discovered member of the Ras superfamily that may be involved in neural plasticity... |
mTOR pathway | RHEB RHEB GTP-binding protein Rheb also known as Ras homolog enriched in brain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RHEB gene.- Function :Rheb is a recently discovered member of the Ras superfamily that may be involved in neural plasticity... ; RHEBL1 |
| RGK RRAD GTP-binding protein RAD is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RRAD gene.-Interactions:RRAD has been shown to interact with CAMK2G and TPM2.-Further reading:... |
RRAD RRAD GTP-binding protein RAD is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RRAD gene.-Interactions:RRAD has been shown to interact with CAMK2G and TPM2.-Further reading:... ; GEM GEM (gene) GTP-binding protein GEM is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GEM gene.-Further reading:... ; REM; REM2 |
|
| Rit | RIT1 RIT1 GTP-binding protein Rit1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RIT1 gene.-Interactions:RIT1 has been shown to interact with KLHL12 and Merlin.-Further reading:... ; RIT2 RIT2 GTP-binding protein Rit2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RIT2 gene.-Further reading:... |
|
| Miro | mitochondrial transport | RHOT1 RHOT1 Mitochondrial Rho GTPase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the RHOT1 gene.-Further reading:... ; RHOT2 RHOT2 Mitochondrial Rho GTPase 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the RHOT2 gene.-Function:The gene homolog of RHOT2 in yeast codes for a protein called Gem1 that has been shown to be part of a complex of proteins that functions at points of contact between the endoplasmic reticulum and... |
Unclassified:
- ARHGAP5ARHGAP5Rho GTPase-activating protein 5 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ARHGAP5 gene.-Interactions:ARHGAP5 has been shown to interact with Rnd1, Rnd2, Rnd3 and RHOA.-Further reading:...
- DNAJC27
- GRLF1GRLF1Glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding factor 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GRLF1 gene.- External links :* Info with links in the...
- RASEF