Rnd3 is a small signaling G protein

G protein

G proteins are a family of proteins involved in transmitting chemical signals outside the cell, and causing changes inside the cell. They communicate signals from many hormones, neurotransmitters, and other signaling factors. G protein-coupled receptors are transmembrane receptors...

 (more specifically a GTPase

GTPase

GTPases are a large family of hydrolase enzymes that can bind and hydrolyze guanosine triphosphate . The GTP binding and hydrolysis takes place in the highly conserved G domain common to all GTPases.-Functions:...

), and is a member of the Rnd subgroup of the Rho family of GTPases

Rho family of GTPases

The Rho family of GTPases is a family of small signaling G protein , and is a subfamily of the Ras superfamily. The members of the Rho GTPase family have been shown to regulate many aspects of intracellular actin dynamics, and are found in all eukaryotic organisms including yeasts and some plants...

. It is encoded by the gene RND3.

Like other members of the Rho family of Ras-related GTPases it regulates the organization of the actin cytoskeleton in response to extracellular growth factors.

Regulation

Like Ras, Rho family members appear to cycle between an inactive GDP-bound form and an active GTP-bound form. Three major regulators of Rho activity have been identified: RhoGDIs, which interact with the GDP-bound Rho proteins to keep them in a resting complex (see MIM 601925); GEF

Guanine nucleotide exchange factor

Guanine nucleotide exchange factors activate monomeric GTPases by stimulating the release of guanosine diphosphate to allow binding of guanosine triphosphate . A variety of unrelated structural domains have been shown to exhibit guanine nucleotide exchange activity...

s, which promote GDP/GTP exchange leading to activation of Rho proteins (see MIM 601855); and GAP

GTPase activating protein

GTPase-Activating Proteins, or GAPs, or GTPase-Accelerating Proteins are a family of regulatory proteins whose members can bind to activated G proteins and stimulate their GTPase activity, with the result of terminating the signaling event...

s, which stimulate GTP hydrolysis and return the activated Rho protein to its inactive form (see MIM 602680) (Nobes et al., 1998).[supplied by OMIM]

Interactions

Rnd3 has been shown to interact

Protein-protein interaction

Protein–protein interactions occur when two or more proteins bind together, often to carry out their biological function. Many of the most important molecular processes in the cell such as DNA replication are carried out by large molecular machines that are built from a large number of protein...

 with ARHGAP5

ARHGAP5

Rho GTPase-activating protein 5 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ARHGAP5 gene.-Interactions:ARHGAP5 has been shown to interact with Rnd1, Rnd2, Rnd3 and RHOA.-Further reading:...

 and UBXD5

UBXD5

UBX domain-containing protein 11 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the UBXN11 gene.-Interactions:UBXD5 has been shown to interact with Rnd1, Rnd2 and Rnd3.-Further reading:...

.

Further reading