Ram Vilas Sharma
Encyclopedia
Ram Vilas Sharma was an eminent progressive literary critic, linguist, poet
and thinker
. He was born in Unchgaon Sani, Unnao District
, Uttar Pradesh
.
He came into limelight as a critic in 1939 with his scholarly paper on Suryakant Tripathi 'Nirala'
, presented at a session of Hindi Sahitya Sammelan. Ram Vilas Sharma was undisputedly among the most powerful noted poets of the progressive period.
. For higher studies he went to Lucknow
and did his M.A.
and PhD. in English Literature
.
, as head of the English
department. He retired finally as Director of KM Hindi Institute, Agra
. Basically a critic, he gave new dimension to biographical-historical criticism, and analysed linguistic
and literary issues from a Marxist viewpoint.
in 1970 for his Nirala ki Sahitya Sadhana (in 3 parts). His massive work Bharat ke Pracheen bhasha parivar aur Hindi won him the first Vyas Samman
(1991) instituted by the K. K. Birla Foundation
. He was Socialist both in thought and deed.
Among the Hindi
writers those who impressed him most, besides Nirala
the poet, are Acharya Shukla the critic, Bhartendu
the pioneer and Premchand the novelist. He took them up for detailed study and wrote authentic literary criticism
on them, though from the progressive angle. He analysed their personality and brought out their contribution to Hindi Literature
. According to him Bhartendu Harishchandra, Premchand and Nirala
are outstanding not only as litterateurs but also as men endowed with magnanimity of soul.
Poet
A poet is a person who writes poetry. A poet's work can be literal, meaning that his work is derived from a specific event, or metaphorical, meaning that his work can take on many meanings and forms. Poets have existed since antiquity, in nearly all languages, and have produced works that vary...
and thinker
Thinker
Thinker may refer to:*Intellectual, one who tries to use his or her intellect to work, study, reflect, speculate on, or ask and answer questions with regard to a variety of different ideas...
. He was born in Unchgaon Sani, Unnao District
Unnao District
Unnao District is a district of Uttar Pradesh state in northern India. The town of Unnao is the district headquarters. The district is part of Lucknow Division.-History:...
, Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh abbreviation U.P. , is a state located in the northern part of India. With a population of over 200 million people, it is India's most populous state, as well as the world's most populous sub-national entity...
.
He came into limelight as a critic in 1939 with his scholarly paper on Suryakant Tripathi 'Nirala'
Suryakant Tripathi 'Nirala'
Suryakant Tripathi 'Nirala' was one of the most famous figures of the modern Hindi literature. He was a poet, novelist, essayist and story-writer...
, presented at a session of Hindi Sahitya Sammelan. Ram Vilas Sharma was undisputedly among the most powerful noted poets of the progressive period.
Early education
He received his early education in his native village and at JhansiJhansi
Jhansi Hindi:झाँसी, , Marathi: झाशी, is a historical city of India. Jhansi is the administrative headquarters of Jhansi District and Jhansi Division. The original walled city grew up around its stone fort, which crowns a neighboring rock. This district is on the bank of river Betwa.The National...
. For higher studies he went to Lucknow
Lucknow
Lucknow is the capital city of Uttar Pradesh in India. Lucknow is the administrative headquarters of Lucknow District and Lucknow Division....
and did his M.A.
Master of Arts (postgraduate)
A Master of Arts from the Latin Magister Artium, is a type of Master's degree awarded by universities in many countries. The M.A. is usually contrasted with the M.S. or M.Sc. degrees...
and PhD. in English Literature
English literature
English literature is the literature written in the English language, including literature composed in English by writers not necessarily from England; for example, Robert Burns was Scottish, James Joyce was Irish, Joseph Conrad was Polish, Dylan Thomas was Welsh, Edgar Allan Poe was American, J....
.
जीवन-यात्रा
He started his career as a lecturer at Lucknow University, and then moved to Balwant Rajput College, AgraAgra
Agra a.k.a. Akbarabad is a city on the banks of the river Yamuna in the northern state of Uttar Pradesh, India, west of state capital, Lucknow and south from national capital New Delhi. With a population of 1,686,976 , it is one of the most populous cities in Uttar Pradesh and the 19th most...
, as head of the English
English language
English is a West Germanic language that arose in the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England and spread into what was to become south-east Scotland under the influence of the Anglian medieval kingdom of Northumbria...
department. He retired finally as Director of KM Hindi Institute, Agra
Agra
Agra a.k.a. Akbarabad is a city on the banks of the river Yamuna in the northern state of Uttar Pradesh, India, west of state capital, Lucknow and south from national capital New Delhi. With a population of 1,686,976 , it is one of the most populous cities in Uttar Pradesh and the 19th most...
. Basically a critic, he gave new dimension to biographical-historical criticism, and analysed linguistic
Natural language
In the philosophy of language, a natural language is any language which arises in an unpremeditated fashion as the result of the innate facility for language possessed by the human intellect. A natural language is typically used for communication, and may be spoken, signed, or written...
and literary issues from a Marxist viewpoint.
कृति
His study of Nirala's Ram ki shakti puja, Tulsidas, Saroj-smriti and parimal is a model of creative criticism. He won the Sahitya Akademi AwardSahitya Akademi Award
Sahitya Akademi Award is a literary honor in India which Sahitya Akademi, India's National Academy of Letters, annually confers on writers of outstanding works in one of the following twenty-four major Indian languagesAssamese, Bengali, Bodo, Dogri, English, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri,...
in 1970 for his Nirala ki Sahitya Sadhana (in 3 parts). His massive work Bharat ke Pracheen bhasha parivar aur Hindi won him the first Vyas Samman
Vyas Samman
The Vyas Samman is a literary award in India, first awarded in 1991 . It is awarded annually by the K.K. Birla Foundation and includes a cash payout of Rs 2.5 lakh ....
(1991) instituted by the K. K. Birla Foundation
K. K. Birla Foundation
The K.K. Birla Foundation was established in 1991 by Krishna Kumar Birla. Its mission is to promote literature and the arts, as well as education and social work...
. He was Socialist both in thought and deed.
Among the Hindi
Hindi
Standard Hindi, or more precisely Modern Standard Hindi, also known as Manak Hindi , High Hindi, Nagari Hindi, and Literary Hindi, is a standardized and sanskritized register of the Hindustani language derived from the Khariboli dialect of Delhi...
writers those who impressed him most, besides Nirala
Suryakant Tripathi 'Nirala'
Suryakant Tripathi 'Nirala' was one of the most famous figures of the modern Hindi literature. He was a poet, novelist, essayist and story-writer...
the poet, are Acharya Shukla the critic, Bhartendu
Bharatendu Harishchandra
Bharatendu Harishchandra is known as the father of modern Hindi literature as well as Hindi theatre. He is considered one of the greatest Hindi writers of modern India. A recognized poet, he was also a trend setter in Hindi prose-writing...
the pioneer and Premchand the novelist. He took them up for detailed study and wrote authentic literary criticism
Literary criticism
Literary criticism is the study, evaluation, and interpretation of literature. Modern literary criticism is often informed by literary theory, which is the philosophical discussion of its methods and goals...
on them, though from the progressive angle. He analysed their personality and brought out their contribution to Hindi Literature
Hindi literature
Hindi literature , is broadly divided into four prominent forms or styles, being Bhakti ; Shringar ; Veer-Gatha ; and Adhunik...
. According to him Bhartendu Harishchandra, Premchand and Nirala
Suryakant Tripathi 'Nirala'
Suryakant Tripathi 'Nirala' was one of the most famous figures of the modern Hindi literature. He was a poet, novelist, essayist and story-writer...
are outstanding not only as litterateurs but also as men endowed with magnanimity of soul.
Assessment of Acharya Shukla
In his assessment of Acharya Shukla (Acharya Ramchandra Shukla aur Hindi Alochana) eminent critic Dr. Sharma emphasises the fact that the great writer opposed feudal and courtly literature as it did not give a true picture of the life of the common people and contemporary society.List of works
- Bharatiya Sahitya ki Bhumika
- Nirala ki Sahitya Sadhana (3 volumes)
- Premchand aur unka yug
- Acharya Ramchandra Shukla aur Hindi alochna
- Bhartendu Harishchandra aur Hindi navjagaran ki samasyayen
- Bhartendu Yug aur Hindi bhasha ki vikas parampara
- Mahavir Prasad Dwivedi aur Hindi navjagaran
- Nai kavita aur astitvavad
- Bharat ki bhasha samasya
- Astha aur saundarya
- Bhasha aur samaj
- Parampara ka mulyankan
- Bharat mein angrazi raj aur marxvad (2 volumes)
- Marx aur pichde huye samaj
- Ghar ki baat
- Bharat ke Pracheen bhasha parivar aur Hindi (3 volumes)
- Dhool
- aitihasik bhashavigyan aur hindi
- paschatya darshan aur samajik antarvirodh:thales se marx tak
External links
- Ram Vilas Sharma at Kavita Kosh (Hindi)