Qhapaq Inka - AbsoluteAstronomy.com

The Sapa Inca also known as Apu ("Divinity"), Inka Qhapaq ("mighty Inca"), or simply Sapa ("The Great One") was the ruler of the Kingdom of Cusco

Kingdom of Cusco

The Kingdom of Cusco was a small kingdom in the Andes that began as a small city-state founded by the Incas around the 12th century...

and later, the Emperor

Emperor

An emperor is a monarch, usually the sovereign ruler of an empire or another type of imperial realm. Empress, the female equivalent, may indicate an emperor's wife or a woman who rules in her own right...

of the Inca Empire

Inca Empire

The Inca Empire, or Inka Empire , was the largest empire in pre-Columbian America. The administrative, political and military center of the empire was located in Cusco in modern-day Peru. The Inca civilization arose from the highlands of Peru sometime in the early 13th century...

(Tawantinsuyu). The origins of the position are mythical and tied to the legendary foundation of the city of Cusco

Cusco

Cusco , often spelled Cuzco , is a city in southeastern Peru, near the Urubamba Valley of the Andes mountain range. It is the capital of the Cusco Region as well as the Cuzco Province. In 2007, the city had a population of 358,935 which was triple the figure of 20 years ago...

but historically it seems to have come into being around 1100. The position was hereditary, with son succeeding father. There were two known dynasties, led by the Hanan and Hurin moieties respectively. The latter was in power at the time of Spanish conquest

Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire

The Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire was one of the most important campaigns in the Spanish colonization of the Americas. This historic process of military conquest was made by Spanish conquistadores and their native allies....

. The last official Sapa Inca was Atahualpa

Atahualpa

Atahualpa, Atahuallpa, Atabalipa, or Atawallpa , was the last Sapa Inca or sovereign emperor of the Tahuantinsuyu, or the Inca Empire, prior to the Spanish conquest of Peru...

, who was executed by the Spanish in 1533, though several of successors later claimed the title.

First dynasty

Little is known of the rulers of the first dynasty of Sapa Incas. Evidently, they were affiliated with the Hurin moiety and their rule did not extend beyond the Kingdom of Cusco

Kingdom of Cusco

The Kingdom of Cusco was a small kingdom in the Andes that began as a small city-state founded by the Incas around the 12th century...

. Their origins are tied to the mythical establishment of Cusco

Cusco

and are shrouded in later foundation myth. The dynasty was supposedly founded by Manco Cápac

Manco Capac

Manco Cápac was the legendary first Sapa Inca of the Kingdom of Cusco and a figure of Inca mythology. There are several versions of his origin story, which connect him to the foundation of Cusco.- Inti legend :In one myth, Manco Cápac was a son of the sun god Inti and Mama Quilla, and brother of...

, considered the son of the sun god Inti

Inti

According to the Inca mythology, Inti is the sun god, as well a patron deity of the Inca Empire. His exact origin is not known. The most common story says he is the son of Viracocha, the god of civilization.- Worship :...

Sapa Inca	Birth	\| Death
Manco Cápac Manco Capac Manco Cápac was the legendary first Sapa Inca of the Kingdom of Cusco and a figure of Inca mythology. There are several versions of his origin story, which connect him to the foundation of Cusco.- Inti legend :In one myth, Manco Cápac was a son of the sun god Inti and Mama Quilla, and brother of... c. 1200 CE – c. 1230	Considered the son of the sun god Inti Inti According to the Inca mythology, Inti is the sun god, as well a patron deity of the Inca Empire. His exact origin is not known. The most common story says he is the son of Viracocha, the god of civilization.- Worship :...	c. 1230
Sinchi Roca Sinchi Roca Sinchi Roca was the second Sapa Inca of the Kingdom of Cuzco and a member of the Húrin dynasty... c. 1230 – c. 1260	son of Manco Cápac Manco Capac Manco Cápac was the legendary first Sapa Inca of the Kingdom of Cusco and a figure of Inca mythology. There are several versions of his origin story, which connect him to the foundation of Cusco.- Inti legend :In one myth, Manco Cápac was a son of the sun god Inti and Mama Quilla, and brother of...	c. 1260
Lloque Yupanqui Lloque Yupanqui Lloque Yupanqui was the third Sapa Inca of the Kingdom of Cuzco and a member of the Hurin dynasty. He was the son and successor of Sinchi Roca and the father of Mayta Cápac... c. 1260 – c. 1290	son of Sinchi Roca Sinchi Roca Sinchi Roca was the second Sapa Inca of the Kingdom of Cuzco and a member of the Húrin dynasty...	c. 1290
Mayta Cápac Mayta Capac Mayta Cápac was the fourth Sapa Inca of the Kingdom of Cuzco and a member of the Hurin dynasty. As son of Lloque Yupanqui, he was his heir and the father of Cápac Yupanqui... c. 1290 – c. 1320	son of Lloque Yupanqui Lloque Yupanqui Lloque Yupanqui was the third Sapa Inca of the Kingdom of Cuzco and a member of the Hurin dynasty. He was the son and successor of Sinchi Roca and the father of Mayta Cápac...	c. 1320
Cápac Yupanqui Capac Yupanqui Cápac Yupanqui was the fifth Sapa Inca of the Kingdom of Cusco and the last of the Hurin dynasty. He was the son and successor of Mayta Cápac. His wife Mama Cusi Hilpay or Qorihillpay was the daughter of the lord of Anta, previously a great enemy of the Incas... c. 1320 – c. 1350	son of Mayta Cápac Mayta Capac Mayta Cápac was the fourth Sapa Inca of the Kingdom of Cuzco and a member of the Hurin dynasty. As son of Lloque Yupanqui, he was his heir and the father of Cápac Yupanqui...	c. 1350

As a rough guide to the later reputation of the early Sapa Incas, in later years capac meant warlord and sinchi meant leader.

Second dynasty

The second dynasty was affiliated with the Hanan moiety and was founded under Inca Roca

Inca Roca

Inca Roca was the sixth Sapa Inca of the Kingdom of Cusco and the first of the Hanan dynasty. His wife was Mama Michay, and his son was Yáhuar Huácac.- Biography :...

, the son of the last Hurin Sapa Inca, Cápac Yupanqui

Capac Yupanqui

Cápac Yupanqui was the fifth Sapa Inca of the Kingdom of Cusco and the last of the Hurin dynasty. He was the son and successor of Mayta Cápac. His wife Mama Cusi Hilpay or Qorihillpay was the daughter of the lord of Anta, previously a great enemy of the Incas...

. After Cápac Yupanqui's death, another of his sons, Inca Roca's half-brother Quispe Yupanqui, was intended to succeed him. However, the Hanan revolted and installed Inca Roca instead.

Sapa Inca	Birth	\| Death
Inca Roca Inca Roca Inca Roca was the sixth Sapa Inca of the Kingdom of Cusco and the first of the Hanan dynasty. His wife was Mama Michay, and his son was Yáhuar Huácac.- Biography :... c. 1350 – c. 1380	son of Cápac Yupanqui Capac Yupanqui Cápac Yupanqui was the fifth Sapa Inca of the Kingdom of Cusco and the last of the Hurin dynasty. He was the son and successor of Mayta Cápac. His wife Mama Cusi Hilpay or Qorihillpay was the daughter of the lord of Anta, previously a great enemy of the Incas...	c. 1380
Yáhuar Huácac Yahuar Huacac Yáhuar Huácac was the seventh Sapa Inca of the Kingdom of Cusco and the second of the Hanan dynasty. His wife's name was Mama Chikya o;'r Chu-Ya... c. 1380 – c. 1410	son of Inca Roca Inca Roca Inca Roca was the sixth Sapa Inca of the Kingdom of Cusco and the first of the Hanan dynasty. His wife was Mama Michay, and his son was Yáhuar Huácac.- Biography :...	c. 1410
Viracocha Viracocha (Inca) Viracocha was the eighth Sapa Inca of the Kingdom of Cusco and the third of the Hanan dynasty. His father was Yáhuar Huácac, and his son was Pachacuti. His original name was Hatun Tupaq or Ripaq; he was named after the god Viracocha after having visions of the god... c. 1410 – 1438	son of Yáhuar Huácac Yahuar Huacac Yáhuar Huácac was the seventh Sapa Inca of the Kingdom of Cusco and the second of the Hanan dynasty. His wife's name was Mama Chikya o;'r Chu-Ya...	1438
Pachacuti 1438 – 1471	son of Viracocha Viracocha (Inca) Viracocha was the eighth Sapa Inca of the Kingdom of Cusco and the third of the Hanan dynasty. His father was Yáhuar Huácac, and his son was Pachacuti. His original name was Hatun Tupaq or Ripaq; he was named after the god Viracocha after having visions of the god...	1471
Túpac Inca Yupanqui Tupac Inca Yupanqui Topa Inca Yupanqui , translated as "noble Inca accountant," was the tenth Sapa Inca of the Inca Empire, and fifth of the Hanan dynasty. His father was Pachacuti, and his son was Huayna Capac. Topa Inca belonged to the Qhapaq panaca.... 1471 – 1493	son of Pachacuti	1493
Huayna Capac Huayna Capac Huayna Capac was the eleventh Sapa Inca of the Inca Empire and sixth of the Hanan dynasty. He was the successor to Tupac Inca Yupanqui.-Name:In Quechua, his name is spelled Wayna Qhapaq, and in Southern Quechua, it is Vaina Ghapakh... 1493 – 1527	son of Túpac Inca Yupanqui Tupac Inca Yupanqui Topa Inca Yupanqui , translated as "noble Inca accountant," was the tenth Sapa Inca of the Inca Empire, and fifth of the Hanan dynasty. His father was Pachacuti, and his son was Huayna Capac. Topa Inca belonged to the Qhapaq panaca....	1527
Ninan Cuyochi Ninan Cuyochi Ninan Cuyochi, born 1490?, died 1527, the oldest son of Sapa Inca Huayna Capac and first in line to inherit the Inca Empire, but he however died of smallpox shortly before his father, bringing about a civil war.... 1527	son of Huayna Capac Huayna Capac Huayna Capac was the eleventh Sapa Inca of the Inca Empire and sixth of the Hanan dynasty. He was the successor to Tupac Inca Yupanqui.-Name:In Quechua, his name is spelled Wayna Qhapaq, and in Southern Quechua, it is Vaina Ghapakh...	1527
Huáscar Huáscar Huáscar Inca was Sapa Inca of the Inca empire from 1527 to 1532 AD, succeeding his father Huayna Capac and brother Ninan Cuyochi, both of whom died of smallpox while campaigning near Quito.After the conquest, the Spanish put forth the idea that Huayna Capac may have... 1527 – 1532	son of Huayna Capac Huayna Capac Huayna Capac was the eleventh Sapa Inca of the Inca Empire and sixth of the Hanan dynasty. He was the successor to Tupac Inca Yupanqui.-Name:In Quechua, his name is spelled Wayna Qhapaq, and in Southern Quechua, it is Vaina Ghapakh...	1533 Killed by Atahualpa Atahualpa Atahualpa, Atahuallpa, Atabalipa, or Atawallpa , was the last Sapa Inca or sovereign emperor of the Tahuantinsuyu, or the Inca Empire, prior to the Spanish conquest of Peru...
Atahualpa Atahualpa Atahualpa, Atahuallpa, Atabalipa, or Atawallpa , was the last Sapa Inca or sovereign emperor of the Tahuantinsuyu, or the Inca Empire, prior to the Spanish conquest of Peru... 1532 – 1533	son of Huayna Capac Huayna Capac Huayna Capac was the eleventh Sapa Inca of the Inca Empire and sixth of the Hanan dynasty. He was the successor to Tupac Inca Yupanqui.-Name:In Quechua, his name is spelled Wayna Qhapaq, and in Southern Quechua, it is Vaina Ghapakh...	26 July 1533 Killed by the Spaniards Spanish people The Spanish are citizens of the Kingdom of Spain. Within Spain, there are also a number of vigorous nationalisms and regionalisms, reflecting the country's complex history....

Ninan Cuyochi

Ninan Cuyochi, born 1490?, died 1527, the oldest son of Sapa Inca Huayna Capac and first in line to inherit the Inca Empire, but he however died of smallpox shortly before his father, bringing about a civil war....

, who was Inca for only a few days in 1527, is sometimes left off the list of Sapa Incas because news of his death from smallpox

Smallpox

Smallpox was an infectious disease unique to humans, caused by either of two virus variants, Variola major and Variola minor. The disease is also known by the Latin names Variola or Variola vera, which is a derivative of the Latin varius, meaning "spotted", or varus, meaning "pimple"...

arrived in Cusco shortly after he was declared Sapa Inca. He had been with Huayna Cápac when he died of smallpox. The death of Ninan, the presumed heir, led to the Inca Civil War

Inca Civil War

The Inca Civil War, the Inca Dynastic War, the Inca War of Succession, or, sometimes, the War of the Two Brothers was fought between two brothers, Huáscar and Atahualpa, sons of Huayna Capac, over the succession to the Inca throne. The war followed Huayna Capac's death in 1527, although it did not...

between Huáscar and Atahualpa, a weakness that the Spanish exploited when they conquered the Inca Empire

Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire

Post-Conquest Sapa Incas

Sapa Inca	Birth	Death	Notes
Túpac Huallpa Tupac Huallpa Túpac Huallpa , original name Auqui Huallpa Túpac, was a puppet Inca Emperor of the conquistadors in 1533, during the Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire led by Francisco Pizarro.-Life:... 1533	son of Huayna Capac Huayna Capac Huayna Capac was the eleventh Sapa Inca of the Inca Empire and sixth of the Hanan dynasty. He was the successor to Tupac Inca Yupanqui.-Name:In Quechua, his name is spelled Wayna Qhapaq, and in Southern Quechua, it is Vaina Ghapakh...	1533	Installed by Francisco Pizarro Francisco Pizarro Francisco Pizarro González, Marquess was a Spanish conquistador, conqueror of the Incan Empire, and founder of Lima, the modern-day capital of the Republic of Peru.-Early life:... .
Manco Inca Yupanqui Manco Inca Yupanqui Manco Inca Yupanqui was one of the Incas of Vilcabamba. He was also known as "Manco II" and "Manco Cápac II" . Born in 1516, he was one of the sons of Huayna Cápac and came from a lower class of the nobility.Túpac Huallpa, a puppet ruler crowned by conquistador Francisco Pizarro, died in 1533... 1533 - 1544	son of Huayna Capac Huayna Capac Huayna Capac was the eleventh Sapa Inca of the Inca Empire and sixth of the Hanan dynasty. He was the successor to Tupac Inca Yupanqui.-Name:In Quechua, his name is spelled Wayna Qhapaq, and in Southern Quechua, it is Vaina Ghapakh...	1544	Installed by Francisco Pizarro Francisco Pizarro Francisco Pizarro González, Marquess was a Spanish conquistador, conqueror of the Incan Empire, and founder of Lima, the modern-day capital of the Republic of Peru.-Early life:... . Led a revolt against the Spaniards in 1536; after his defeat, relocated the empire to Vilcabamba Vilcabamba, Peru Vilcabamba was a city founded by Manco Inca in 1539 and was the last refuge of the Inca Empire until it fell to the Spaniards in 1572, signaling the end of Inca resistance to Spanish rule.- History :... .
Paullu Inca Paullu Inca Paullu Inca was the Sapa Inca of the Inca Empire after the previous Sapa Inca, Manco Inca Yupanqui, rebelled against the Spanish and relocated the empire to Vilcabamba.... 1536 - 1549	son of Manco Inca Yupanqui Manco Inca Yupanqui Manco Inca Yupanqui was one of the Incas of Vilcabamba. He was also known as "Manco II" and "Manco Cápac II" . Born in 1516, he was one of the sons of Huayna Cápac and came from a lower class of the nobility.Túpac Huallpa, a puppet ruler crowned by conquistador Francisco Pizarro, died in 1533...	1549	Installed by the Spaniards after Manco Inca rebelled and relocated the empire to Vilcabamba.
Sayri Túpac Sayri Tupac Sayri Túpac was an Inca ruler in Peru. He was a son of siblings Manco Inca Yupanqui and Cura Ocllo. After the murder of his mother in 1539 and his father in 1544, both by the Spaniard conquerors, he became the ruler of the independent Inca state of Vilcabamba... 1544 - 1560	son of Manco Inca Yupanqui Manco Inca Yupanqui Manco Inca Yupanqui was one of the Incas of Vilcabamba. He was also known as "Manco II" and "Manco Cápac II" . Born in 1516, he was one of the sons of Huayna Cápac and came from a lower class of the nobility.Túpac Huallpa, a puppet ruler crowned by conquistador Francisco Pizarro, died in 1533...	1560	Ruled in Vilcabamba.
Titu Cusi Titu Cusi Don Diego de Castro Titu Cusi Yupanqui was a son of Manco Inca Yupanqui, and became the Inca ruler of Vilcabamba, the penultimate leader of the neo-Incan state. He was crowned in 1558, after the death of his half brother, Sayri Tupac... 1560 - 1571	son of Manco Inca Yupanqui Manco Inca Yupanqui Manco Inca Yupanqui was one of the Incas of Vilcabamba. He was also known as "Manco II" and "Manco Cápac II" . Born in 1516, he was one of the sons of Huayna Cápac and came from a lower class of the nobility.Túpac Huallpa, a puppet ruler crowned by conquistador Francisco Pizarro, died in 1533...	1571	Ruled in Vilcabamba.
Túpac Amaru Túpac Amaru Túpac Amaru, also called Thupa Amaro , was the last indigenous leader of the Inca state in Peru.-Accession:... 1571 - 1572	son of Manco Inca Yupanqui Manco Inca Yupanqui Manco Inca Yupanqui was one of the Incas of Vilcabamba. He was also known as "Manco II" and "Manco Cápac II" . Born in 1516, he was one of the sons of Huayna Cápac and came from a lower class of the nobility.Túpac Huallpa, a puppet ruler crowned by conquistador Francisco Pizarro, died in 1533...	24 September 1572 Killed by the Spaniards Spanish people The Spanish are citizens of the Kingdom of Spain. Within Spain, there are also a number of vigorous nationalisms and regionalisms, reflecting the country's complex history....	Ruled in Vilcabamba. The last Sapa Inca.

This last Sapa Inca must not be confused with Túpac Amaru II

Túpac Amaru II

Túpac Amaru II was a leader of an indigenous uprising in 1780 against the Spanish in Peru...

, leader of an 18th-century Peruvian uprising

Rebellion of Túpac Amaru II

The Rebellion of Túpac Amaru II was an uprising of native and mestizo peasants against the Bourbon reforms in the Spanish Viceroyalty of Peru...

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