Pritam
Encyclopedia
Pritam Chakraborty better known as Pritam is a music director and composer from Kolkata
Kolkata
Kolkata , formerly known as Calcutta, is the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal. Located on the east bank of the Hooghly River, it was the commercial capital of East India...

 who currently works in Bollywood
Bollywood
Bollywood is the informal term popularly used for the Hindi-language film industry based in Mumbai , Maharashtra, India. The term is often incorrectly used to refer to the whole of Indian cinema; it is only a part of the total Indian film industry, which includes other production centers producing...

, Mumbai
Mumbai
Mumbai , formerly known as Bombay in English, is the capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is the most populous city in India, and the fourth most populous city in the world, with a total metropolitan area population of approximately 20.5 million...

.

Early life

Pritam was born on 14 June 1971 in Kolkata
Kolkata
Kolkata , formerly known as Calcutta, is the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal. Located on the east bank of the Hooghly River, it was the commercial capital of East India...

 into a Bengali
Bengali people
The Bengali people are an ethnic community native to the historic region of Bengal in South Asia. They speak Bengali , which is an Indo-Aryan language of the eastern Indian subcontinent, evolved from the Magadhi Prakrit and Sanskrit languages. In their native language, they are referred to as বাঙালী...

 family to Prabodh Chakraborty, who runs a music school for children. He gained his early training in music from his father and learned to play the guitar in school. After completing his schooling at St. James' School and college education at Presidency College
Presidency College, Kolkata
Presidency University, Kolkata, formerly Hindu College and Presidency College, is a unitary, state aided university, located in Kolkata, West Bengal. and one of the premier institutes of learning of liberal arts and sciences in India. In 2002 it was ranked number one by the weekly news magazine...

, he went to a music school. At Presidency he was the Social Services Secretary of the Students Union run by the Independents' Consolidation (IC). Pritam joined a Bangla band, Chandrabindoo
Chandrabindoo (band)
Chandrabindoo , based in Kolkata, is a bangla band. Their name refers both to the last character in the Bengali alphabet and to a dialogue from the nonsense work HaJaBaRaLa by Sukumar Ray....

. Before that he formed another band with his Presidency batchmates, called "Jotugriher Pakhi". They even have a cassette released to their credit at that time. In January 1993, Pritam joined the Film and Television Institute
Film and television institute
The Film and Television Institute WA is a Screen Resource center located in Fremantle, Western Australia.FTI is a non profit, membership based organisation providing members with low-cost equipment and facilities hire, production assistance and script consultation, as well as regular production...

 in Pune
Pune
Pune , is the eighth largest metropolis in India, the second largest in the state of Maharashtra after Mumbai, and the largest city in the Western Ghats. Once the centre of power of the Maratha Empire, it is situated 560 metres above sea level on the Deccan plateau at the confluence of the Mula ...

 to undertake a course in sound recording and sound engineering. During this time, he was offered a chance to compose background music for a film by Hungarian filmmaker Istvan Gaal
István Gaál
István Gaál was a Hungarian film director, editor and screenwriter. He directed 27 films between 1956 and 1996. With Falcons he won the Jury Prize at the 1970 Cannes Film Festival.-External links:...

. He learned music theory, harmony and composition from ethnomusicologist and khyal
Khyal
Khyal is the modern genre of classical singing in North India. Its name comes from an Arabic word meaning "imagination". It is thought to have developed out of the qawwali singing style. It appeared more recently than dhrupad, is a more free and flexible form, and it provides greater scope for...

 singer Warren Senders, as well as briefly encountering principles of African Music from Senders and musicologist Kedar Avati.

Career

Having completed his education, Pritam moved to Mumbai
Mumbai
Mumbai , formerly known as Bombay in English, is the capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is the most populous city in India, and the fourth most populous city in the world, with a total metropolitan area population of approximately 20.5 million...

 to pursue a career in Bollywood. During his stay in Mumbai, he began composing ad jingles and became friendly with a number of other young men struggling to make it big like Shantanu Moitra
Shantanu Moitra
Shantanu Moitra is an Indian music director who has composed music for the Hindi film industry, and is most known for his score in films Parineeta , Hazaaron Khwaishein Aisi , "Lage Raho Munnabhai" and 3 Idiots , and private albums, Mann ke Manjeere and Ab ke Saawan sung by Shubha Mudgal.-Early...

, Rajkumar Hirani
Rajkumar Hirani
Rajkumar Hirani is a National Award and Filmfare Award winning Indian director, screenwriter and film editor of Hindi films, best known for the films Munna Bhai MBBS , Lage Raho Munnabhai and 3 Idiots , considered the highest-grossing Hindi film by distributor-share.-Early life and...

, Sanjay Gadhvi
Sanjay Gadhvi
Sanjay Gadhvi 22 November 1965 is an Indian writer and director belongs to Surendranagar in Gujarat.Hise was born to Manubhai Gadhvi, a renowned and much revered speaker, socialite and orator. His father also tried films during his young age, afterwards he quit films and focused on social work.He...

 and Jeet Ganguly, who played the guitar with Anup Jalota
Anup Jalota
Anup Jalota is an Indian singer/musician, best known for his performances in the Indian musical form, the bhajan and the Urdu form of poetry: ghazal.He is popularly known as the Bhajan Samraat .-Early life:...

.

Pritam got his first break when Sanjay Gadhvi
Sanjay Gadhvi
Sanjay Gadhvi 22 November 1965 is an Indian writer and director belongs to Surendranagar in Gujarat.Hise was born to Manubhai Gadhvi, a renowned and much revered speaker, socialite and orator. His father also tried films during his young age, afterwards he quit films and focused on social work.He...

 was signed on to direct Tere Liye and he, in turn, signed on his friends Jeet and Pritam as music composers. Though the music was well received, the film sank at the box office. However, in 2002 Yashraj Films signed Sanjay Gadhvi
Sanjay Gadhvi
Sanjay Gadhvi 22 November 1965 is an Indian writer and director belongs to Surendranagar in Gujarat.Hise was born to Manubhai Gadhvi, a renowned and much revered speaker, socialite and orator. His father also tried films during his young age, afterwards he quit films and focused on social work.He...

 up to direct Mere Yaar Ki Shaadi Hai
Mere Yaar Ki Shaadi Hai
Mere Yaar Ki Shaadi Hai is a 2002 Indian Bollywood film directed by Sanjay Gadhvi and produced by Yash Chopra under Yash Raj Films. The film starred Uday Chopra, Jimmy Shergill, Bipasha Basu and Tulip Joshi. The film was said to be partly inspired by My Best Friend's Wedding...

 for which the Pritam-Jeet duo once again composed the music. All the songs from that movie were chartbusters and the duo had hit the big time. His music comprises various kinds including Indian classical music and western influences.
Pritam was then actively involved in mentoring and judging new talent on Zee TV
Zee TV
Zee TV is an India-based satellite television channel owned by Zee Entertainment Enterprises based in Mumbai, Maharashtra, which broadcasts various programmes in Hindi and other regional languages of India. Broadcasting is also present in various nations of South Asia, Europe, the Middle East,...

's singing competition show Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Challenge 2009
Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Challenge 2009
Hero Honda - Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Challenge 2009 is the 3rd installment of the Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Challenge series which premiered on July 4, 2008 on Zee TV. The show is hosted by Aditya Narayan, who also hosted the previous competition Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Challenge 2007...

.

Solo career

After the separation with Jeet, Pritam's career as a solo musician stalled as he signed a series of flops like Fun2shh... Dudes in the 10th Century
Fun2shh... Dudes in the 10th Century
Fun2shh... Dudes in the 10th Century is a 2003 Comedy Hindi film directed by Imtiaz Punjabi. The film is about three 21st century guys who lives in Mumbai went to 10th Century, in the Kingdom of Emperor Babushah. Gulshan Grover, Paresh Rawal, Mohammad Iqbal Khan, Anuj Sawhney are in leading roles....

. The film sank at the box office and Pritam’s music too. However, in 2004, Pritam composed the music for Sanjay Gadhvi's second film, Dhoom
Dhoom
The title track "Dhoom Dhoom" was released in a remixed version song by the Thai-American singer Tata Young. The song and it's music video featuring Tata Young proved to be a major hit in India during 2004 and 2005. The original song was sung by Sunidhi Chauhan. Other tracks on the soundtrack...

, which was a runaway success. The film did well and the music topped the charts.

Pritam followed up the success of Dhoom
Dhoom
The title track "Dhoom Dhoom" was released in a remixed version song by the Thai-American singer Tata Young. The song and it's music video featuring Tata Young proved to be a major hit in India during 2004 and 2005. The original song was sung by Sunidhi Chauhan. Other tracks on the soundtrack...

 with a string of successful numbers after a year for Chocolate, Garam Masala
Garam Masala (film)
Garam Masala is a 2005 Bollywood film directed by Priyadarshan. The film stars Akshay Kumar, John Abraham, Rimi Sen, Neha Dhupia, Paresh Rawal and Rajpal Yadav...

 and Gangster
Gangster (film)
Gangster is a 2006 Hindi film that premiered on 28 April. The film stars Shiney Ahuja, Emraan Hashmi and Kangna Ranaut. The plot is that of a bar girl who falls in love with two people, one a layman and the other a gangster...

. Also he composed the music for Dhoom 2
Dhoom 2
Dhoom 2: Back In Action is a 2006 Bollywood action film directed by Sanjay Gadhvi and produced by Aditya Chopra and Yash Chopra at an estimated budget of Rs 350 million. It is the second film in the Dhoom series. Abhishek Bachchan and Uday Chopra star in the film as buddy cops Jai Dixit and Ali,...

, the sequel to Dhoom
Dhoom
The title track "Dhoom Dhoom" was released in a remixed version song by the Thai-American singer Tata Young. The song and it's music video featuring Tata Young proved to be a major hit in India during 2004 and 2005. The original song was sung by Sunidhi Chauhan. Other tracks on the soundtrack...

 and Life In A... Metro
Life in a... Metro
Life in a... Metro is a 2007 Hindi film directed by Anurag Basu, set in Mumbai, and starring Dharmendra, Nafisa Ali, Shilpa Shetty, Shiney Ahuja, Kay Kay Menon, Kangana Ranaut, Sharman Joshi, Konkona Sen Sharma and Irrfan Khan in pivotal roles. The music is composed by Pritam with lyrics by Sayeed...

. He composed the music for Singh Is Kinng
Singh Is Kinng
Singh is Kinng is a 2008 Bollywood comedy film. The film is directed by Anees Bazmee and stars Akshay Kumar and Katrina Kaif, the film also featured a music video with Snoop Dogg. About 75% of the movie was shot in Australia, around the Gold Coast region and Brisbane using an Australian production...

 and Kismat Konnection
Kismat Konnection
Kismat Konnection is an Indian Bollywood film directed by Aziz Mirza who previously directed films like Yes Boss , Phir Bhi Dil Hai Hindustani and Chalte Chalte . The film stars Shahid Kapoor and Vidya Balan in the lead roles with Juhi Chawla in a supporting role. Bollywood actor Shahrukh Khan is...

 and formed a band named Metro.

His most top rated musics are from the movies Dhoom
Dhoom
The title track "Dhoom Dhoom" was released in a remixed version song by the Thai-American singer Tata Young. The song and it's music video featuring Tata Young proved to be a major hit in India during 2004 and 2005. The original song was sung by Sunidhi Chauhan. Other tracks on the soundtrack...

, Dhoom 2
Dhoom 2
Dhoom 2: Back In Action is a 2006 Bollywood action film directed by Sanjay Gadhvi and produced by Aditya Chopra and Yash Chopra at an estimated budget of Rs 350 million. It is the second film in the Dhoom series. Abhishek Bachchan and Uday Chopra star in the film as buddy cops Jai Dixit and Ali,...

, Life In A... Metro
Life in a... Metro
Life in a... Metro is a 2007 Hindi film directed by Anurag Basu, set in Mumbai, and starring Dharmendra, Nafisa Ali, Shilpa Shetty, Shiney Ahuja, Kay Kay Menon, Kangana Ranaut, Sharman Joshi, Konkona Sen Sharma and Irrfan Khan in pivotal roles. The music is composed by Pritam with lyrics by Sayeed...

, Gangster
Gangster (film)
Gangster is a 2006 Hindi film that premiered on 28 April. The film stars Shiney Ahuja, Emraan Hashmi and Kangna Ranaut. The plot is that of a bar girl who falls in love with two people, one a layman and the other a gangster...

, Bhool Bhulaiyaa
Bhool Bhulaiyaa
Bhool Bhulaiyaa is a 2007 Bollywood psychological thriller comedy horror film directed by Priyadarshan. The film constitutes the official remake of the 1993 Malayalam film, Manichitrathazhu, which was already remade into several Indian films...

, Awarapan
Awarapan
Awarapan is a 2007 Bollywood film from the makers of one of the biggest musical hits, Woh Lamhe. It is the first Indian and Pakistani joint production film. It stars Emraan Hashmi, Shriya Saran and Mrinalini Sharma. Awarapan released in India on June 29, 2007 under the banner of Vishesh Films...

, Dhan Dhana Dhan Goal
Dhan Dhana Dhan Goal
Dhan Dhana Dhan Goal is a 2007 Bollywood film. It was released on 29 November 2007, produced by Ronnie Screwvala and directed by Vivek Agnihotri and is under the UTV Motion Pictures banner. The film stars John Abraham, Bipasha Basu, Arshad Warsi and Boman Irani. The film's soundtrack is composed...

, Jab We Met
Jab We Met
Jab We Met is a 2007 Hindi romantic comedy film directed and written by Imtiaz Ali. The film, produced by Dhillin Mehta under Shree Ashtavinayak Cinevision Ltd, stars Shahid Kapoor and Kareena Kapoor in their fourth film together...

, Race, Woh Lamhe
Woh Lamhe
Woh Lamhe... is a 2006 film starring Shiney Ahuja and Kangna Ranaut and directed by Mohit Suri. The film is a based on the true story of Parveen Babi's life, her battle with schizophrenia and her relationship with Mahesh Bhatt to whom she was a lover as well as a mentor in his struggling days.Bhatt...

, Jannat
Jannat (film)
Jannat is a 2008 Bollywood film directed by Kunal Deshmukh and starring Emraan Hashmi, Sonal Chauhan, Sameer Kochhar and Javed Shaikh...

, Singh Is Kinng
Singh Is Kinng
Singh is Kinng is a 2008 Bollywood comedy film. The film is directed by Anees Bazmee and stars Akshay Kumar and Katrina Kaif, the film also featured a music video with Snoop Dogg. About 75% of the movie was shot in Australia, around the Gold Coast region and Brisbane using an Australian production...

, Billu, Love Aaj Kal
Love Aaj Kal
Love Aaj Kal is a 2009 Bollywood film starring Saif Ali Khan and Deepika Padukone in lead roles with Rahul Khanna, Rishi Kapoor and Giselli Monteiro in supporting roles. The film is directed by Imtiaz Ali and produced by Saif Ali Khan and Dinesh Vijan...

, Golmaal Returns
Golmaal Returns
Golmaal Returns is a 2008 Bollywood comedy film directed by Rohit Shetty. The film is a sequel to the 2006 film, Golmaal Fun Unlimited with Ajay Devgn, Tusshar Kapoor and Arshad Warsi reprising their roles and Shreyas Talpade taking on the role originally played by Sharman Joshi. Kareena Kapoor,...

, Tum Mile
Tum Mile
Tum Mile is a 2009 Hindi film directed by Kunal Deshmukh of Jannat fame. The film stars Emraan Hashmi and Soha Ali Khan in lead roles. It is a love story set against the backdrop of the infamous July 2005 Mumbai floods. The film was released on 13 November 2009.- Plot :The movie is narrated in 2...

, Ajab Prem Ki Ghazab Kahani
Ajab Prem Ki Ghazab Kahani
-Track listing:-Reception:The soundtrack received generally favorable reviews from critics. Samir Dave of Planet Bollywood gave it a rating of 7.5/10 and said, "If you are looking for an enjoyable potpourri of different musical styles, and melody, then you will love what Pritam has served up for,...

, De Dana Dan
De Dana Dan
De Dana Dan is a 2009 Hindi comedy film directed by Priyadarshan. The story is a partial adaptation of Priyadarshan's own Malayalam film Vettam. This film is also inspired by the 2000 Hollywood comedy flick Screwed. The film has a huge star cast which includes Akshay Kumar, Sunil Shetty, Katrina...

, Badmaash Company
Badmaash Company
Badmaash Company is a 2010 Bollywood film directed by actor-turned-director Parmeet Sethi, produced by Aditya Chopra and starring Shahid Kapoor, Anushka Sharma, Meiyang Chаng and Vir Das in the lead roles...

, Raajneeti, Once Upon A Time In Mumbaai, Crook
Crook (film)
-India:Reception of the film in India has been mixed. One critic writes praises the music, writing: "this along with its already popular songs makes Crook a full on entertainment package that should not be missed when it releases all over on 8 October"...

, Action Replayy, Golmaal 3
Golmaal 3
Golmaal 3 is a 2010 Bollywood comedy film directed by Rohit Shetty. A sequel to the 2008 film Golmaal Returns, the project stars most of the actors from the previous film, including Ajay Devgn, Kareena Kapoor, Arshad Warsi, Tusshar Kapoor and Shreyas Talpade. New additions to the cast include...

, Dil Toh Baccha Hai Ji, Dum Maaro Dum, Ready
Ready (2011 film)
Ready is a 2011 Indian comedy film directed by Anees Bazmee, starring Salman Khan and Asin in the lead roles. It also features Paresh Rawal, Arya Babbar and Mahesh Manjrekar in supporting roles, while Ajay Devgan, Sanjay Dutt, Kangana Ranaut, Zarine Khan and Arbaaz Khan make cameo appearances...

, Kucch Luv Jaisaa
Kucch Luv Jaisaa
Kucch Luv Jaisaa is a 2011 Indian film. Written and directed by Barnali Shukla, the film stars Shefali Shah and Rahul Bose. Kucch Luv Jaisaa marks the second film that Bose and Shah have acted in together; they also played a married couple in Aparna Sen's 15 Park Avenue . Model Neetu Chandra and...

, Mausam
Mausam (2011 film)
Mausam is a Bollywood romance film directed and written by first time director Pankaj Kapoor under the Vistaar Religare Film Fund banner. The film stars Shahid Kapoor opposite Sonam Kapoor in the lead roles....

, Desi Boyz
Desi Boyz
Desi Boyz is a Hindi comedy drama film directed by debutant Rohit Dhawan, son of director David Dhawan. The film stars Akshay Kumar, John Abraham, Deepika Padukone and Chitrangda Singh in lead roles whilst Sanjay Dutt features in a cameo...

 and more.

He also composed the track for Hrithik Roshan
Hrithik Roshan
Hrithik Roshan is an Indian actor who appears in Bollywood films.After having appeared in films as a child actor in the 1980s, Roshan made his film debut in a leading role in Kaho Naa... Pyaar Hai for which Roshan earned his Filmfare Awards for Best Actor and Best Male Debut...

's TV debut, Just Dance.

Accusations of plagiarism

Pritam has been accused of plagiarism
Plagiarism
Plagiarism is defined in dictionaries as the "wrongful appropriation," "close imitation," or "purloining and publication" of another author's "language, thoughts, ideas, or expressions," and the representation of them as one's own original work, but the notion remains problematic with nebulous...

 on several occasions, wherein he has copied the music for a number of his most popular Hindi film
Bollywood
Bollywood is the informal term popularly used for the Hindi-language film industry based in Mumbai , Maharashtra, India. The term is often incorrectly used to refer to the whole of Indian cinema; it is only a part of the total Indian film industry, which includes other production centers producing...

 songs from various artists from around the world, without giving credit to the original artists themselves. In one case he bought the copyright and gave credit too. In 2009, producer Vipul Shah made Pritam sign an anti-plagiarism indemnity for his film Action Replayy.

It has been widely claimed that Pritam plagiarized one of the most well-known tracks, Channo from the album Huqa Pani
Huqa Pani
Huqa Pani is the debut album of Pakistani pop singer, Ali Zafar. It was released in 2003. It gained a lot of popularity and many Directors in the Bollywood film industry requested his music for use in their films...

 by Pakistani singer Ali Zafar
Ali Zafar
Ali Zafar is a Pakistani musician, composer, song writer, singer, actor, painter and model, popular in Pakistan for his music, including his hit songs like "Channo", "Rangeen", "Chal Dil Merey", "Dekha", "Masty" and "Sajania"...

, for his song "Chori ki Baatein" in the film Fight Club
Fight Club (film)
Fight Club is a 1999 American film based on the 1996 novel of the same name by Chuck Palahniuk. The film was directed by David Fincher and stars Edward Norton, Brad Pitt and Helena Bonham Carter. Norton plays the unnamed protagonist, an "everyman" who is discontented with his white-collar job...

.

Awards and nominations

He was nominated several times for Filmfare Award for Best Music Director, Star Screen Award for Best Music Director and IIFA Best Music Director Award
IIFA Best Music Director Award
The IIFA Best Music Director Award is chosen by the viewers and the winner is announced at the actual ceremony.The winners are listed below: A.R.Rahman has the most awards with 6 wins.- See also :* IIFA Awards* Bollywood* Cinema of India...

 in the years 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2010.
In 2010 He won the IIFA Award and the Apsara Producer's Guild Award for his music in Love Aaj Kal
Love Aaj Kal
Love Aaj Kal is a 2009 Bollywood film starring Saif Ali Khan and Deepika Padukone in lead roles with Rahul Khanna, Rishi Kapoor and Giselli Monteiro in supporting roles. The film is directed by Imtiaz Ali and produced by Saif Ali Khan and Dinesh Vijan...

.
He also won the Radio Mirchi "Composer Of The Year Award" for his music in Ajab Prem Ki Ghazab Kahani
Ajab Prem Ki Ghazab Kahani
-Track listing:-Reception:The soundtrack received generally favorable reviews from critics. Samir Dave of Planet Bollywood gave it a rating of 7.5/10 and said, "If you are looking for an enjoyable potpourri of different musical styles, and melody, then you will love what Pritam has served up for,...

. In 2011 he won the Big Star Award for his song "Pee Loon" in Once Upon A Time In Mumbaai. He also won The Global Indian Film and Television Honours
The Global Indian Film and Television Honours
The Global Indian Film and Television Honours is an annual Indian television and film production award given in various technical and popular categories to Indian television and film fields....

 award for "Special Music Director" for his music in Once Upon a Time in Mumbaai and Mirchi Music Listeners Choice "Album Of The Year" for the same. He also won Most Popular Music in Star Screen Award 2011 for Once Upon a Time in Mumbaai.

As a music director

Year Film Other Notes
2013 Dhoom 3 : Back In Action
2013 Golmaal 4
2012 Ladies And Gentlemen
Ladies and Gentlemen (film)
Ladies and Gentlemen is an upcoming Hindi romance comedy film, produced and directed by Rajkumar Santoshi under his new banner named after his mother Rajam Santoshi. It will star supercouple Aishwarya Rai Bachchan and Abhishek Bachchan in lead roles. This will be the eighth time the couple is...

2012 Jannat 2
Jannat 2
Jannat 2 is a sequel to the 2008 film Jannat. The film would be based on the issue of illegal arms in Delhi.. The movie is scheduled to be released on the 27th of April 2012 with Emraan Hashmi, Randeep Hooda, Imran Zahid and Esha Gupta in the lead roles in which Imran Zahid will play the role of a...

2012 Ferrari Ki Sawaari
Ferrari Ki Sawaari
Feraari Ki Sawari is an upcoming Hindi sports family film directed by Rajesh Mapuskar. The film was written and produced by Vidhu Vinod Chopra, starring Sharman Joshi in the lead. Sharman Joshi is making his debut as a lead actor in this film...

2012 Barfee
2012 Cocktail
Cocktail (2012 film)
Cocktail , also known as Production No. 3, is an upcoming Bollywood romantic comedy film directed by Homi Adajania under Saif Ali Khan's banner Illuminati Films. The film stars Saif Ali Khan and Deepika Padukone in lead roles, who star in their third film together after Love Aaj Kal and Aarakshan...

2012 Race 2
Race 2
Race 2 is an upcoming Indian action thriller film to be directed by Abbas-Mustan and produced under the Tips Music Films banner. It is the sequel to the 2008 hit film, Race, starring an ensemble cast that includes Anil Kapoor, Saif Ali Khan, John Abraham, Deepika Padukone, Jacqueline Fernandez, and...

2012 Agent Vinod
2012 I Love New Year
I Love New Year
I Love New Year is upcoming Hindi film directed by duo Radhika Rao and Vinay Sapru, starring Sunny Deol and Kangana Ranaut in Lead Roles.It also stars Tannishtha Chatterjee and Navin Chaudhary I Love New Year previously titled as Happy New Year...

2012 Har Pal
2012 Run Bhola Run
Run Bhola Run
Run Bhola Run is an upcoming Bollywood comedy film directed and written by Neeraj Vora, with a star cast of Govinda, Tusshar Kapoor, Ameesha Patel and Celina Jaitley in lead roles. Produced by Dhilin Mehta under Shree Ashtavinayak Cine Vision Ltd, the theatrical trailer of the film was released...

2012 Play
2012 Players
Players (film)
Players is an upcoming action thriller film directed by Abbas-Mustan, starring Bobby Deol, Abhishek Bachchan, Bipasha Basu, Sonam Kapoor, Neil Nitin Mukesh, Omi Vaidya and Sikander Kher...

2011 Desi Boyz
Desi Boyz
Desi Boyz is a Hindi comedy drama film directed by debutant Rohit Dhawan, son of director David Dhawan. The film stars Akshay Kumar, John Abraham, Deepika Padukone and Chitrangda Singh in lead roles whilst Sanjay Dutt features in a cameo...

2011 Tell Me O Kkhuda
2011 Mausam
Mausam (2011 film)
Mausam is a Bollywood romance film directed and written by first time director Pankaj Kapoor under the Vistaar Religare Film Fund banner. The film stars Shahid Kapoor opposite Sonam Kapoor in the lead roles....

2011 Bodyguard One Song
2011 Always Kabhi Kabhi
Always Kabhi Kabhi
Always Kabhi Kabhi is a 2011 Hindi romance film directed by Roshan Abbas, and produced by Shahrukh Khan under Red Chillies Entertainment. It introduces Ali Fazal, along with Giselli Monteiro while Zoa Morani, Satish Shah, Lilette Dubey, Vijay Raaz, Mukesh Tiwari and Manoj Joshi play supporting...

2011 Kucch Luv Jaisaa
Kucch Luv Jaisaa
Kucch Luv Jaisaa is a 2011 Indian film. Written and directed by Barnali Shukla, the film stars Shefali Shah and Rahul Bose. Kucch Luv Jaisaa marks the second film that Bose and Shah have acted in together; they also played a married couple in Aparna Sen's 15 Park Avenue . Model Neetu Chandra and...

2011 Ready
Ready (2011 film)
Ready is a 2011 Indian comedy film directed by Anees Bazmee, starring Salman Khan and Asin in the lead roles. It also features Paresh Rawal, Arya Babbar and Mahesh Manjrekar in supporting roles, while Ajay Devgan, Sanjay Dutt, Kangana Ranaut, Zarine Khan and Arbaaz Khan make cameo appearances...

2011 Dum Maaro Dum
2011 Thank You
Thank You (2011 film)
Thank You is a 2011 Bollywood romantic comedy film directed by Anees Bazmee and produced by UTV Motion Pictures. It features Akshay Kumar, Bobby Deol, Sonam Kapoor, Suniel Shetty, Irrfan Khan, Celina Jaitley and Rimi Sen. The film was released on April 8, 2011. Thank You is about three married men...

2011 United Six
2011 Dil Toh Baccha Hai Ji
2010 No Problem
No Problem (film)
No Problem is a 2010 Bollywood action comedy film directed by Anees Bazmee and produced by Anil Kapoor who also stars as the main character. It also stars Sanjay Dutt, Akshaye Khanna, Sushmita Sen, Paresh Rawal, Kangana Ranaut, Neetu Chandra and Suniel Shetty. The shooting of the film began in July...

2010 Golmaal 3
Golmaal 3
Golmaal 3 is a 2010 Bollywood comedy film directed by Rohit Shetty. A sequel to the 2008 film Golmaal Returns, the project stars most of the actors from the previous film, including Ajay Devgn, Kareena Kapoor, Arshad Warsi, Tusshar Kapoor and Shreyas Talpade. New additions to the cast include...

2010 Action Replayy
2010 Aakrosh
Aakrosh (2010 film)
-Awards and nominations:2011 Zee Cine AwardsNominated*Best Actor in a Negative Role - Paresh Rawal...

2010 Crook: It's Good To Be Bad Nominated Apsara Award for Best Music Director
2010 Mallika
Mallika (2010 film)
Mallika is a Hindi horror film, produced and directed by Wilson Louis. The film was released on 3 September 2010 under the Glorious Entertainment banner.-Plot:...

One Song
2010 Hello Darling
2010 Aashayein Two Songs
2010 Once Upon A Time In Mumbaai Nominated Filmfare Award for Best Music Director
Won Mirchi Music Listeners Choice Album Of The Year

Won Big Star Entertainment award for song Pee Loon

Nominated Star Screen Award for Best Music Director

Won Most Popular Music in Star Screen Award

Nominated Apsara Award for Best Music Director

Nominated IIFA Award for Best Music Director
2010 Khatta Meetha
2010 Raajneeti One Song
2010 Badmaash Company
Badmaash Company
Badmaash Company is a 2010 Bollywood film directed by actor-turned-director Parmeet Sethi, produced by Aditya Chopra and starring Shahid Kapoor, Anushka Sharma, Meiyang Chаng and Vir Das in the lead roles...

2010 Chance Pe Dance
Chance Pe Dance
-External links:* * *...

One Song
2010 Atithi Tum Kab Jaoge
Atithi Tum Kab Jaoge
The music is composed by Amit Mishra and Pritam Chakraborty while the lyrics are by Irshad Kamil. The soundtrack was released in 20 February 2010. "Aaja Aaja" and its remix are composed by Pritam while the rest were by Amit Mishra...

One Song
2010 Toh Baat Pakki
Toh Baat Pakki
The soundtrack consists 10 songs composed by Pritam Chakraborty whose biggest hits include Life in a... Metro, Jab We Met, Bhool Bhulaiya, etc. The track wasn't much appreciated as the public had expected something very good as Pritam is a reputed music director. OneIndia tells that the music has...

2010 Dulha Mil Gaya
Dulha Mil Gaya
The soundtrack was composed by Lalit Pandit and released on December 14, 2009. The lyrics are written by Mudassar Aziz; songs are arranged by Richard Mithra and Kashinath Kashyap; and all songs are mixed and engineered by Abani Tanti...

One Song
2009 Love Khichdi
Love Khichdi
Love Khichdi is a Hindi film, a romantic comedy directed by Srinivas Bhashyam The film released on August 28, 2009.-Plot:Vir is a bachelor from a small town working as a sous-chef in a five-star hotel in Mumbai. A handsome, charming, macho idiot who flirts with, yearns for and lusts after any...

2009 All The Best: Fun Begins
2009 De Dana Dan
De Dana Dan
De Dana Dan is a 2009 Hindi comedy film directed by Priyadarshan. The story is a partial adaptation of Priyadarshan's own Malayalam film Vettam. This film is also inspired by the 2000 Hollywood comedy flick Screwed. The film has a huge star cast which includes Akshay Kumar, Sunil Shetty, Katrina...

2009 New York
New York (film)
New York is a 2009 Bollywood thriller directed by Kabir Khan, produced by Aditya Chopra under Yash Raj Films, and with a screenplay by Sandeep Srivastava. Visual effects are by Visual Computing Labs, Tata Elxsi Ltd. It stars John Abraham, Katrina Kaif, Neil Nitin Mukesh, and Irrfan Khan...

2009 Tum Mile
Tum Mile
Tum Mile is a 2009 Hindi film directed by Kunal Deshmukh of Jannat fame. The film stars Emraan Hashmi and Soha Ali Khan in lead roles. It is a love story set against the backdrop of the infamous July 2005 Mumbai floods. The film was released on 13 November 2009.- Plot :The movie is narrated in 2...

Nominated Star Screen Award for Best Music Director
2009 Life Partner
2009 Dil Bole Hadippa
2009 Love Aaj Kal
Love Aaj Kal
Love Aaj Kal is a 2009 Bollywood film starring Saif Ali Khan and Deepika Padukone in lead roles with Rahul Khanna, Rishi Kapoor and Giselli Monteiro in supporting roles. The film is directed by Imtiaz Ali and produced by Saif Ali Khan and Dinesh Vijan...

Nominated Filmfare Award for Best Music Director

Won IIFA Best Music Director Award
IIFA Best Music Director Award
The IIFA Best Music Director Award is chosen by the viewers and the winner is announced at the actual ceremony.The winners are listed below: A.R.Rahman has the most awards with 6 wins.- See also :* IIFA Awards* Bollywood* Cinema of India...



Won Apsara Award for Best Music Director

Nominated Star Screen Award for Best Music Director
2009 Ajab Prem Ki Ghazab Kahani
Ajab Prem Ki Ghazab Kahani
-Track listing:-Reception:The soundtrack received generally favorable reviews from critics. Samir Dave of Planet Bollywood gave it a rating of 7.5/10 and said, "If you are looking for an enjoyable potpourri of different musical styles, and melody, then you will love what Pritam has served up for,...

Nominated Filmfare Award for Best Music Director

Nominated Apsara Award for Best Music

Nominated Star Screen Award for Best Music Director

Won Mirchi Music Listeners Choice Album Of The Year
2009 Ek – The Power of One
2009 Billu
2008 Golmaal Returns
Golmaal Returns
Golmaal Returns is a 2008 Bollywood comedy film directed by Rohit Shetty. The film is a sequel to the 2006 film, Golmaal Fun Unlimited with Ajay Devgn, Tusshar Kapoor and Arshad Warsi reprising their roles and Shreyas Talpade taking on the role originally played by Sharman Joshi. Kareena Kapoor,...

2008 Aa Dekhen Zara Two Songs
2008 Kidnap
Kidnap (2008 film)
Kidnap is a Bollywood film starring Sanjay Dutt, Imran Khan, Minissha Lamba and Vidya Malvade. The film is directed by Sanjay Gadhvi, who earlier directed the hit films Dhoom and Dhoom 2 .-Plot:...

2008 Singh Is Kinng
Singh Is Kinng
Singh is Kinng is a 2008 Bollywood comedy film. The film is directed by Anees Bazmee and stars Akshay Kumar and Katrina Kaif, the film also featured a music video with Snoop Dogg. About 75% of the movie was shot in Australia, around the Gold Coast region and Brisbane using an Australian production...

Nominated Star Screen Award for Best Music Director
Nominated Apsara Award for Best Music
2008 Haal-E-Dil
Haal-e-dil
Haal – E – dil, shortened as HED, , directed by Anil Devgan, is a 2008 romance film starring Adhyayan Suman and Amita Patak. Story wise, it was the debut of actor, Adhyayan Suman, who is the son of retro-actor Shekhar Suman. The film deals with issues of the “love within” the human psyche and how...

2008 Kismat Konnection
Kismat Konnection
Kismat Konnection is an Indian Bollywood film directed by Aziz Mirza who previously directed films like Yes Boss , Phir Bhi Dil Hai Hindustani and Chalte Chalte . The film stars Shahid Kapoor and Vidya Balan in the lead roles with Juhi Chawla in a supporting role. Bollywood actor Shahrukh Khan is...

2008 Jannat
Jannat (film)
Jannat is a 2008 Bollywood film directed by Kunal Deshmukh and starring Emraan Hashmi, Sonal Chauhan, Sameer Kochhar and Javed Shaikh...

Nominated Star Screen Award for Best Music Director
2008 Race Nominated Filmfare Best Music Director Award
Filmfare Best Music Director Award
The Filmfare Best Music Director Award is given by the Filmfare magazine as part of its annual Filmfare Awards for Hindi films, to the best composer/arranger of a soundtrack. This category was first presented in 1954. Naushad was the first recipient of this award for his song "Tu Ganga Ki Mauj"...


Nominated IIFA Best Music Director Award
IIFA Best Music Director Award
The IIFA Best Music Director Award is chosen by the viewers and the winner is announced at the actual ceremony.The winners are listed below: A.R.Rahman has the most awards with 6 wins.- See also :* IIFA Awards* Bollywood* Cinema of India...

2008 Mukhbir One Song
2008 My Name is Anthony Gonsalves
My Name Is Anthony Gonsalves (film)
My Name Is Anthony Gonsalves is a Bollywood Drama starring newcomer Nikhil Dwivedi, Amrita Rao and Mithun Chakraborty as the lead protagonists. The film is directed by E. Niwas. The name of the movie is derived from the 1977 hit movie Amar Akbar Anthony's famous song, "My Name Is Anthony...

2007 Dhan Dhana Dhan Goal
Dhan Dhana Dhan Goal
Dhan Dhana Dhan Goal is a 2007 Bollywood film. It was released on 29 November 2007, produced by Ronnie Screwvala and directed by Vivek Agnihotri and is under the UTV Motion Pictures banner. The film stars John Abraham, Bipasha Basu, Arshad Warsi and Boman Irani. The film's soundtrack is composed...

2007 Jab We Met
Jab We Met
Jab We Met is a 2007 Hindi romantic comedy film directed and written by Imtiaz Ali. The film, produced by Dhillin Mehta under Shree Ashtavinayak Cinevision Ltd, stars Shahid Kapoor and Kareena Kapoor in their fourth film together...

Nominated Filmfare Best Music Director Award
Filmfare Best Music Director Award
The Filmfare Best Music Director Award is given by the Filmfare magazine as part of its annual Filmfare Awards for Hindi films, to the best composer/arranger of a soundtrack. This category was first presented in 1954. Naushad was the first recipient of this award for his song "Tu Ganga Ki Mauj"...


Won Apsara Award for Best Music
2007 Bhool Bhulaiyaa
Bhool Bhulaiyaa
Bhool Bhulaiyaa is a 2007 Bollywood psychological thriller comedy horror film directed by Priyadarshan. The film constitutes the official remake of the 1993 Malayalam film, Manichitrathazhu, which was already remade into several Indian films...

Nominated IIFA Best Music Director Award
IIFA Best Music Director Award
The IIFA Best Music Director Award is chosen by the viewers and the winner is announced at the actual ceremony.The winners are listed below: A.R.Rahman has the most awards with 6 wins.- See also :* IIFA Awards* Bollywood* Cinema of India...

2007 Naqaab
Naqaab
Naqaab is a Bollywood suspense thriller directed by the famous duo Abbas Burmawalla and Mustan Burmawalla. The film reunites Bobby Deol and Akshaye Khanna after their last film Humraaz which was also directed by Abbas-Mustan. Former model Urvashi Sharma makes her film debut as the leading actress...

2007 Bhram
Bhram
Bhram is a 2008 Hindi film starring Dino Morea, Milind Soman and Sheetal Menon. It was produced by Nari Hira and directed by Pavan Kaul. The film falls in the suspense thriller genre. The music of film was composed by Pritam....

2007 Raqeeb
Raqeeb
Raqeeb is a 2007 Bollywood romantic musical film. It stars Rahul Khanna, Jimmy Shergill, Sharman Joshi and Tanushree Dutta in the lead roles. It was produced by Raj Kanwar and directed by Anurag Singh....

2007 Awarapan
Awarapan
Awarapan is a 2007 Bollywood film from the makers of one of the biggest musical hits, Woh Lamhe. It is the first Indian and Pakistani joint production film. It stars Emraan Hashmi, Shriya Saran and Mrinalini Sharma. Awarapan released in India on June 29, 2007 under the banner of Vishesh Films...

2007 Nehlle Pe Dehlla
Nehlle Pe Dehlla
Nehlle Pe Dehlla is a 2007 Hindi film directed by Ajay D. Chandok, and starring Saif Ali Khan, Sanjay Dutt, Bipasha Basu and Kim Sharma. The film was filmed in 2002, even though it premiered on 2 March, 2007...

One Song
2007 Dhol
Dhol (2007 film)
Dhol is a 2007 Hindi movie directed by Priyadarshan, and produced by the Percept Picture Company starring Sharman Joshi, Kunal Khemu, Rajpal Yadav, Tusshar Kapoor, Arbaaz Khan, Payal Rohatgi, Om Puri, and Tanushree Dutta in lead roles. The screenplay written by Manisha Korde is a partial...

2007 Life In A... Metro
Life in a... Metro
Life in a... Metro is a 2007 Hindi film directed by Anurag Basu, set in Mumbai, and starring Dharmendra, Nafisa Ali, Shilpa Shetty, Shiney Ahuja, Kay Kay Menon, Kangana Ranaut, Sharman Joshi, Konkona Sen Sharma and Irrfan Khan in pivotal roles. The music is composed by Pritam with lyrics by Sayeed...

Nominated Filmfare Best Music Director Award
Filmfare Best Music Director Award
The Filmfare Best Music Director Award is given by the Filmfare magazine as part of its annual Filmfare Awards for Hindi films, to the best composer/arranger of a soundtrack. This category was first presented in 1954. Naushad was the first recipient of this award for his song "Tu Ganga Ki Mauj"...



Nominated Star Screen Award for Best Music Director

Nominated Apsara Award for Best Music
2007 Kya Love Story Hai
Kya Love Story Hai
Kya Love Story Hai is a 2007 Bollywood film starring Ayesha Takia and Tusshar Kapoor in the lead roles. It is directed by debutant Lovely Singh and produced by Adlabs Films Ltd and V R Entertainers. The film was shot in Cape Town, South Africa. The tagline of the movie is What if... Simplicity is...

2007 Hattrick
Hattrick (film)
Hattrick is a 2007 Bollywood film, directed by Milan Luthria, starring Paresh Rawal, Rimi Sen, Kunal Kapoor, Nana Patekar, Danny Denzongpa.-Synopsis:The film opens with the introduction of the central characters....

2007 Just Married
Just Married (2007 film)
Just Married is a Bollywood film released in 2007. Meghna Gulzar is the director of the film which stars Fardeen Khan and Esha Deol. The film follows the lives of two individuals who have committed to an arranged marriage. Filming took place in Mumbai and Ooty .- Synopsis :The movie is about five...

2006 Bhagam Bhag
Bhagam Bhag
Bhagam Bhag is a 2006 Bollywood film starring Akshay Kumar and Govinda. It is the first time the two are in a film together. The movie also stars Paresh Rawal, Lara Dutta and Jackie Shroff. It is directed by Priyadarshan. Shooting took place in Oxford, United Kingdom in July–August 2006, filming...

2006 Dhoom 2
Dhoom 2
Dhoom 2: Back In Action is a 2006 Bollywood action film directed by Sanjay Gadhvi and produced by Aditya Chopra and Yash Chopra at an estimated budget of Rs 350 million. It is the second film in the Dhoom series. Abhishek Bachchan and Uday Chopra star in the film as buddy cops Jai Dixit and Ali,...

Nominated Filmfare Best Music Director Award
Filmfare Best Music Director Award
The Filmfare Best Music Director Award is given by the Filmfare magazine as part of its annual Filmfare Awards for Hindi films, to the best composer/arranger of a soundtrack. This category was first presented in 1954. Naushad was the first recipient of this award for his song "Tu Ganga Ki Mauj"...


Nominated IIFA Best Music Director Award
IIFA Best Music Director Award
The IIFA Best Music Director Award is chosen by the viewers and the winner is announced at the actual ceremony.The winners are listed below: A.R.Rahman has the most awards with 6 wins.- See also :* IIFA Awards* Bollywood* Cinema of India...

2006 Bas Ek Pal
Bas Ek Pal
Bas Ek Pal is a 2006 Bollywood film, directed by Onir. The movie stars Juhi Chawla, Urmila Matondkar, Jimmy Shergill, Sanjay Suri, Rehaan Engineer and Yashpal Sharma...

2006 Woh Lamhe
Woh Lamhe
Woh Lamhe... is a 2006 film starring Shiney Ahuja and Kangna Ranaut and directed by Mohit Suri. The film is a based on the true story of Parveen Babi's life, her battle with schizophrenia and her relationship with Mahesh Bhatt to whom she was a lover as well as a mentor in his struggling days.Bhatt...

2006 Apna Sapna Money Money
2006 Naksha
Naksha
Naksha is a 2006 Bollywood film. The film is directed by Sachin Bajaj and stars Sunny Deol, Vivek Oberoi, Sameera Reddy and Jackie Shroff.The role of Ria was initially offered to Amrita Rao but she declined the offer as she was filming for Vivah...

2006 Pyaar Ke Side Effects
Pyaar Ke Side Effects
Pyaar Ke Side Effects is a Bollywood movie released in September 2006. It was produced under the banner of Pritish Nandy communications and was written and directed by first time director Saket Chaudhary. Rahul Bose and Mallika Sherawat played the lead cast. The film is a romantic comedy, and...

2006 Ankahee
2006 Gangster
Gangster (film)
Gangster is a 2006 Hindi film that premiered on 28 April. The film stars Shiney Ahuja, Emraan Hashmi and Kangna Ranaut. The plot is that of a bar girl who falls in love with two people, one a layman and the other a gangster...

Nominated: Global Indian Film Awards for Best Music
Nominated: Zee Cine Award for Best Music Director
2006 Fight Club
Fight Club - Members Only
Fight Club – Members Only is a 2006 Bollywood action film directed by Vicky Chopra and produced by Ravi Walia and Sohail Khan. The film starred Zayed Khan, Sunil Shetty, Sohail Khan, Dino Morea, Ritesh Deshmukh, Amrita Arora, Diya Mirza, Aashish Chaudhary...

Nominated: Global Indian Film Awards for Best Music
2005 Ek Khiladi Ek Haseena
Ek Khiladi Ek Haseena
Ek Khiladi Ek Haseena, released in 2005, is a Hindi film directed by Suparn Verma. This is a remake of the 2003 Hollywood crime drama movie Confidence- Plot :...

2005 Garam Masala
Garam Masala (film)
Garam Masala is a 2005 Bollywood film directed by Priyadarshan. The film stars Akshay Kumar, John Abraham, Rimi Sen, Neha Dhupia, Paresh Rawal and Rajpal Yadav...

2005 Chocolate: Deep Dark Secrets
2005 Chehraa
Chehraa
Chehraa , starring Bipasha Basu, Dino Morea, Preeti Jhangiani, and Irrfan Khan, is a Bollywood thriller, released in 2005.-Synopsis:Megha is a college student, in love with her classmate Aakash...

2004 Dhoom
Dhoom
The title track "Dhoom Dhoom" was released in a remixed version song by the Thai-American singer Tata Young. The song and it's music video featuring Tata Young proved to be a major hit in India during 2004 and 2005. The original song was sung by Sunidhi Chauhan. Other tracks on the soundtrack...

Nominated Filmfare Best Music Director Award
Filmfare Best Music Director Award
The Filmfare Best Music Director Award is given by the Filmfare magazine as part of its annual Filmfare Awards for Hindi films, to the best composer/arranger of a soundtrack. This category was first presented in 1954. Naushad was the first recipient of this award for his song "Tu Ganga Ki Mauj"...



Nominated Star Screen Award for Best Music Director
2003 Fun2shh... Dudes in the 10th Century
Fun2shh... Dudes in the 10th Century
Fun2shh... Dudes in the 10th Century is a 2003 Comedy Hindi film directed by Imtiaz Punjabi. The film is about three 21st century guys who lives in Mumbai went to 10th Century, in the Kingdom of Emperor Babushah. Gulshan Grover, Paresh Rawal, Mohammad Iqbal Khan, Anuj Sawhney are in leading roles....

2003 Raghu Romeo
Raghu Romeo
Raghu Romeo is a 2003 Bollywood film directed by Rajat Kapoor, starring Vijay Raaz, Saddiya Siddiqui, Maria Goretti, Manu Rishi and Saurabh Shukla.-Plot:...

2003 Mudda- The Issue With Jeet Ganguly
2002 Mere Yaar Ki Shaadi Hai
Mere Yaar Ki Shaadi Hai
Mere Yaar Ki Shaadi Hai is a 2002 Indian Bollywood film directed by Sanjay Gadhvi and produced by Yash Chopra under Yash Raj Films. The film starred Uday Chopra, Jimmy Shergill, Bipasha Basu and Tulip Joshi. The film was said to be partly inspired by My Best Friend's Wedding...

With Jeet Ganguly
2001 Tere Liye
Tere Liye
Tere Liye may refer to:* Tere Liye , A Bollywood film, released in 2000, directed by Sanjay Gadhvi and starring Sonali Khare, Hiten Paintal, Bhavna Pani, Arjun Punj, Shilpa Saklani and Ansh Thakker...

With Jeet Ganguly
2000 Tasty Titbits

Filmography as an actor

  • Life In A... Metro
    Life in a... Metro
    Life in a... Metro is a 2007 Hindi film directed by Anurag Basu, set in Mumbai, and starring Dharmendra, Nafisa Ali, Shilpa Shetty, Shiney Ahuja, Kay Kay Menon, Kangana Ranaut, Sharman Joshi, Konkona Sen Sharma and Irrfan Khan in pivotal roles. The music is composed by Pritam with lyrics by Sayeed...

     (Guest appearance)
  • Aashayein (Music video for the song "Mera Jeena Hai Kya")

External links

The source of this article is wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.  The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.
 
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