Poznan-Grunwald
Encyclopedia
Grunwald ' is a part of the city of Poznań
Poznan
Poznań is a city on the Warta river in west-central Poland, with a population of 556,022 in June 2009. It is among the oldest cities in Poland, and was one of the most important centres in the early Polish state, whose first rulers were buried at Poznań's cathedral. It is sometimes claimed to be...

 in western Poland
Poland
Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...

. It was one of the five governmental districts (dzielnica
Dzielnica
In the Polish system of local administration, a dzielnica is an administrative subdivision or quarter of a city or town. A dzielnica may have its own elected council , and those of Warsaw each have their own mayor...

s)
into which the city was divided prior to 1990, and which are retained for certain administrative purposes (see Administrative division of Poznań
Administrative division of Poznań
Since 2011, the Polish city of Poznań has been divided into 42 osiedles or neighbourhoods, each of which has its own elected council with certain decision-making and spending powers. The first uniform elections for these councils were held on 20 March 2011....

).

The name "Grunwald" comes from the name of the street ulica Grunwaldzka, which had been so named in 1919 in commemoration of the Battle of Grunwald
Battle of Grunwald
The Battle of Grunwald or 1st Battle of Tannenberg was fought on 15 July 1410, during the Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War. The alliance of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, led respectively by King Jogaila and Grand Duke Vytautas , decisively defeated the Teutonic Knights, led...

. A neighbourhood located in the vicinity of that street came to be known as Grunwald, and that name was transferred to the entire dzielnica, covering the south-western parts of the city, on its creation in 1954. The name continues to be popularly used to refer specifically to the original neighbourhood, as reflected in the names of three of the osiedle
Osiedle
Osiedle is a term used in Poland to denote a designated subdivision of a city or town, or of a dzielnica, with its own council and executive. Like the dzielnica and sołectwo, an osiedle is an auxiliary unit of a gmina. These units are created by decision of the gmina council, and do not have...

s
into which Poznań is now divided: Stary Grunwald ("Old Grunwald"), Grunwald Północ ("Grunwald North") and Grunwald Południe ("Grunwald South"). For other osiedles contained within the wider district, see Administrative division of Poznań
Administrative division of Poznań
Since 2011, the Polish city of Poznań has been divided into 42 osiedles or neighbourhoods, each of which has its own elected council with certain decision-making and spending powers. The first uniform elections for these councils were held on 20 March 2011....

.

Grunwald has an area of 36.2 square kilometres (14 sq mi), which is 13.8% of the total area of Poznań. Its population of 125,500 accounts for 21.9% of the city's total. The population density is 3,467 persons/km².

Grunwald is bounded by the districts of Wilda
Poznan-Wilda
Wilda is a southern part of the city of Poznań in western Poland. It was the smallest of the five governmental districts into which the city was divided prior to 1990, and which are retained for certain administrative purposes...

 and Stare Miasto
Poznan-Stare Miasto
Stare Miasto is a part of the city of Poznań in western Poland. It was one of the five governmental districts into which the city was divided prior to 1990, and which are retained for certain administrative purposes. For details, see Administrative division of Poznań.The Polish name Stare Miasto...

 to the east, and Jeżyce
Poznan-Jezyce
Jeżyce is a part of the city of Poznań in western Poland. It was one of the five governmental districts into which the city was divided prior to 1990, and which are retained for certain administrative purposes...

 to the north. It is also bordered by the town of Luboń
Lubon
Luboń is a town situated on the Warta River, in the Poznań metro area, in the Greater Poland Voivodeship . It was previously in the Poznań Voivodeship...

 to the south, and the administrative districts (gmina
Gmina
The gmina is the principal unit of administrative division of Poland at its lowest uniform level. It is often translated as "commune" or "municipality." As of 2010 there were 2,479 gminas throughout the country...

s)
of Dopiewo
Gmina Dopiewo
Gmina Dopiewo is a rural gmina in Poznań County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Dopiewo, which lies approximately west of the regional capital Poznań....

 to the west and Komorniki
Gmina Komorniki
Gmina Komorniki is a rural gmina in Poznań County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. Its seat is the village of Komorniki, which lies approximately south-west of the regional capital Poznań....

 to the south-west.

Geography

The boundary between Grunwald and Jeżyce
Poznan-Jezyce
Jeżyce is a part of the city of Poznań in western Poland. It was one of the five governmental districts into which the city was divided prior to 1990, and which are retained for certain administrative purposes...

 is marked by the street ulica Bukowska, which runs from the city centre to Poznań Ławica Airport (and onwards towards Buk
Buk
Buk is a town in central Poland, situated in the Greater Poland Voivodeship , previously in Poznań Voivodeship .The town's name means "Beech" in Polish, and the flag of the town shows a branch of beech, and three beech leaves....

). Grunwald's eastern boundary largely coincides with the railway line running south and then west from Poznań's main station (Poznań Główny).
At the north-east corner of Grunwald is the Poznań International Fair
Poznan International Fair
The Poznań International Fair is the biggest industrial fair in Poland. It is held on the Poznań fairground in Poland. Poznań International Fair is located in the centre of the city opposite the main railway station - Poznań Główny, in the centre of Poland and in the centre of...

s site. South of this is the western entrance to Poznań Główny station, and then an industrial area adjacent to the railway. Leading south-west from the station is the main street ulica Głogowska, which runs past Park Wilsona – a park named for U.S. President Woodrow Wilson
Woodrow Wilson
Thomas Woodrow Wilson was the 28th President of the United States, from 1913 to 1921. A leader of the Progressive Movement, he served as President of Princeton University from 1902 to 1910, and then as the Governor of New Jersey from 1911 to 1913...

, containing a band shell and Poznań's Palm House (Palmiarnia). Głogowska then passes through the old district of Łazarz (with its open-air market, Rynek Łazarski), crosses the western branch of the railway at Górczyn, meets the A2 motorway at the Komorniki junction at the southern edge of the city, and continues towards Wrocław. Another main radial route is ulica Grunwaldzka, which passes through Grunwald's main residential areas, including Ostroróg in the north of the district, the modern osiedle Kopernika ("Copernicus
Nicolaus Copernicus
Nicolaus Copernicus was a Renaissance astronomer and the first person to formulate a comprehensive heliocentric cosmology which displaced the Earth from the center of the universe....

 estate"), and Junikowo and Plewiska
Plewiska
Plewiska is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Komorniki, within Poznań County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately north-east of Komorniki and south-west of central Poznań...

 in the south-west. Junikowo is the site of one of Poznań's two main cemeteries (the other being at Miłostowo in Nowe Miasto
Poznan-Nowe Miasto
Nowe Miasto is a part of the city of Poznań in western Poland. It was one of the five governmental districts into which the city was divided prior to 1990, and which are retained for certain administrative purposes...

). Close to Grunwaldzka's junction with ulica Bułgarska is the city's main football stadium (Stadion Miejski), home ground of Lech Poznań
Lech Poznan
Lech Poznań is a Polish football club based in Poznań, Poland. The club is named after Lech, the legendary founder of Polish nation.The club was established in 1922 as Lutnia Dębiec, later changing its name several times. From 1933 until 1994, the club was closely linked to Polish State Railways...

 and a planned Euro 2012 finals venue.

North of Junikowo is an extensive green area, including the Marcelin Woods (Lasek Marceliński). North of this are the neighbourhoods of Marcelin, Pogodno, Edwardowo, Wydmy and Ławica (which gives its name to Poznań Ławica Airport, situated just to the north in Jeżyce
Poznan-Jezyce
Jeżyce is a part of the city of Poznań in western Poland. It was one of the five governmental districts into which the city was divided prior to 1990, and which are retained for certain administrative purposes...

 district).

Other neighbourhoods within Grunwald include Skórzewo to the north-west of Junikowo cemetery (adjoining a village outside the city boundary also called Skórzewo
Skórzewo, Greater Poland Voivodeship
Skórzewo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dopiewo, within Poznań County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately east of Dopiewo and west of central Poznań. The name Skórzewo is shared with a neighbourhood of Poznań, adjoining the village...

), Raszyn between Górczyn and Osiedle Kopernika, Zatorze to the east of Górczyn, and the mainly industrial Rudnicze and Kopanina south of Junikowo. Beginning between Rudnicze and Kopanina and running south is a series of small lakes, and the Junikowo Stream (Strumień Junikowski) also flows through this region, eventually reaching the Warta river in Luboń
Lubon
Luboń is a town situated on the Warta River, in the Poznań metro area, in the Greater Poland Voivodeship . It was previously in the Poznań Voivodeship...

.

In the extreme south-west of Grunwald are the neighbourhoods of Fabianowo and Kotowo, and an Auchan
Auchan
Groupe Auchan SA is a French international retail group and multinational corporation headquartered in Croix, France. It is one of the world's principal distribution groups with a presence in 12 countries and 175,000 employees....

 retail park close to the A2 junction.
The areas in the heart of Grunwald, east of Łazarz, formerly contained extensive military barracks, originally built under German rule in the late 19th century to house the troops building and manning the city's defensive forts (see Poznań Fortress
Poznań Fortress
Poznań Fortress, known in German as Festung Posen was a set of fortifications in the city of Poznań in western Poland, built under Prussian rule in the 19th and early 20th centuries...

). These areas are now mainly residential. Also in this area is Jan Kasprowicz
Jan Kasprowicz
Jan Kasprowicz was a poet, playwright, critic and translator; a foremost representative of Young Poland.-Life:...

 Park, which contains the Arena
Hala Arena
Hala Arena , generally called simply Arena, is an indoor sporting arena in the Grunwald district of the city of Poznań in western Poland. It is primarily used for volleyball, other indoor sports, and concerts...

 indoor sports and concert venue, as well as other sports grounds.

The branch of the railway running west towards Berlin
Berlin
Berlin is the capital city of Germany and is one of the 16 states of Germany. With a population of 3.45 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union...

 passes through southern Grunwald, where the stations Poznań Górczyn and Poznań Junikowo are situated. Górczyn and Junikowo are also termini for tram
Tram
A tram is a passenger rail vehicle which runs on tracks along public urban streets and also sometimes on separate rights of way. It may also run between cities and/or towns , and/or partially grade separated even in the cities...

s running along Głogowska and Grunwaldzka to the city centre; Górczyn is also a bus terminus.

History

Of the neighbourhoods in today's Grunwald district, the first to be brought within the city of Poznań were Łazarz and Górczyn, in the expansion of the city boundaries which took place in 1900 (when Poznań was part of the German Empire
German Empire
The German Empire refers to Germany during the "Second Reich" period from the unification of Germany and proclamation of Wilhelm I as German Emperor on 18 January 1871, to 1918, when it became a federal republic after defeat in World War I and the abdication of the Emperor, Wilhelm II.The German...

). Most of the remainder of the district was incorporated into the city in 1940–1942, during the Nazi occupation. At this time the neighbourhoods were given German names, including Hermannstadt for Łazarz, Lenzingen for Junikowo and Steineck for Ławica.

The neighbourhood of Plewiska
Plewiska
Plewiska is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Komorniki, within Poznań County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately north-east of Komorniki and south-west of central Poznań...

was brought within the city boundaries in 1987 (with part remaining outside the city as a separate village).
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