Ponyfish
Encyclopedia
The ponyfishes also known as slipmouths or slimys are a small family, Leiognathidae, of fishes in the order Perciformes
. They inhabit marine and brackish waters in the Indian Ocean and West Pacific.
Ponyfishes are small, laterally compressed fishes, with a bland silvery colouration. They are distinguished by highly extensible mouths, and the presence of a mechanism for locking the spines in the dorsal
and anal fins. They also possess a luminous organ in the throat, which projects light through the animal's underside.
Perciformes
The Perciformes, also called the Percomorphi or Acanthopteri, is one of the largest orders of vertebrates, containing about 40% of all bony fish. Perciformes means perch-like. They belong to the class of ray-finned fish and comprise over 7,000 species found in almost all aquatic environments...
. They inhabit marine and brackish waters in the Indian Ocean and West Pacific.
Ponyfishes are small, laterally compressed fishes, with a bland silvery colouration. They are distinguished by highly extensible mouths, and the presence of a mechanism for locking the spines in the dorsal
Dorsal fin
A dorsal fin is a fin located on the backs of various unrelated marine and freshwater vertebrates, including most fishes, marine mammals , and the ichthyosaurs...
and anal fins. They also possess a luminous organ in the throat, which projects light through the animal's underside.
Species
- Genus Gazza Rüppell, 1835
- Smalltoothed ponyfish, Gazza achlamys Jordan & Starks, 1917.
- Ovoid toothpony, Gazza dentex (ValenciennesAchille ValenciennesAchille Valenciennes was a French zoologist.Valenciennes was born in Paris, and studied under Georges Cuvier. Valenciennes' study of parasitic worms in humans made an important contribution to the study of parasitology...
, 1835). - Toothpony, Gazza minuta (BlochMarcus Elieser BlochMarcus Elieser Bloch was a German medical doctor and naturalist. He is generally considered one of the most important ichthyologists of the 18th century.- Life :...
, 1795). - Rhomboid toothpony, Gazza rhombea Kimura, Yamashita & Iwatsuki, 2000.
- Scaled belly toothpony, Gazza squamiventralis Yamashita & Kimura, 2001.
- Genus Leiognathus Lacépède, 1802
- Golden ponyfish, Leiognathus aureus Abe & Haneda, 1972.
- Berber ponyfish, Leiognathus berbis (ValenciennesAchille ValenciennesAchille Valenciennes was a French zoologist.Valenciennes was born in Paris, and studied under Georges Cuvier. Valenciennes' study of parasitic worms in humans made an important contribution to the study of parasitology...
, 1835). - Orangefin ponyfish, Leiognathus bindus (ValenciennesAchille ValenciennesAchille Valenciennes was a French zoologist.Valenciennes was born in Paris, and studied under Georges Cuvier. Valenciennes' study of parasitic worms in humans made an important contribution to the study of parasitology...
, 1835). - Twoblotch ponyfish, Leiognathus blochii (ValenciennesAchille ValenciennesAchille Valenciennes was a French zoologist.Valenciennes was born in Paris, and studied under Georges Cuvier. Valenciennes' study of parasitic worms in humans made an important contribution to the study of parasitology...
, 1835). - Shortnose ponyfish, Leiognathus brevirostris (ValenciennesAchille ValenciennesAchille Valenciennes was a French zoologist.Valenciennes was born in Paris, and studied under Georges Cuvier. Valenciennes' study of parasitic worms in humans made an important contribution to the study of parasitology...
, 1835). - Goldstripe ponyfish, Leiognathus daura (CuvierGeorges CuvierGeorges Chrétien Léopold Dagobert Cuvier or Jean Léopold Nicolas Frédéric Cuvier , known as Georges Cuvier, was a French naturalist and zoologist...
, 1829). - Decorated ponyfish, Leiognathus decorus (De Vis, 1884).
- Dussumier's ponyfish, Leiognathus dussumieri (ValenciennesAchille ValenciennesAchille Valenciennes was a French zoologist.Valenciennes was born in Paris, and studied under Georges Cuvier. Valenciennes' study of parasitic worms in humans made an important contribution to the study of parasitology...
, 1835). - Slender ponyfish, Leiognathus elongatus (Günther, 1874).
- Common ponyfish, Leiognathus equulus (ForsskålPeter ForsskålPeter Forsskål, sometimes spelled Pehr Forsskål, Peter Forskaol, Petrus Forskål or Pehr Forsskåhl, was a Swedish explorer, orientalist, naturalist and an apostle of Carl Linnaeus.-Early life:...
, 1775). - Striped ponyfish, Leiognathus fasciatus (Lacépède, 1803).
- Hatai's ponyfish, Leiognathus hataii Abe & Haneda, 1972.
- Leiognathus klunzingeri (Steindachner, 1898).
- Leiognathus kupanensis Kimura & Peristiwady, 2005.
- Whipfin ponyfish, Leiognathus leuciscus (Günther, 1860).
- Ornate ponyfish, Leiognathus lineolatus (ValenciennesAchille ValenciennesAchille Valenciennes was a French zoologist.Valenciennes was born in Paris, and studied under Georges Cuvier. Valenciennes' study of parasitic worms in humans made an important contribution to the study of parasitology...
, 1835). - Leiognathus longispinis (ValenciennesAchille ValenciennesAchille Valenciennes was a French zoologist.Valenciennes was born in Paris, and studied under Georges Cuvier. Valenciennes' study of parasitic worms in humans made an important contribution to the study of parasitology...
, 1835). - Moreton Bay ponyfish, Leiognathus moretoniensis OgilbyWilliam OgilbyWilliam Ogilby was an Irish barrister and naturalist.Ogilby was honorary secretary of the Zoological Society of London from 1839 to 1846....
, 1912. - Spotnape ponyfish Leiognathus nuchalis (TemminckCoenraad Jacob TemminckCoenraad Jacob Temminck was a Dutch aristocrat and zoologist.Temminck was the first director of the National Natural History Museum at Leiden from 1820 until his death. His Manuel d'ornithologie, ou Tableau systematique des oiseaux qui se trouvent en Europe was the standard work on European birds...
& SchlegelHermann SchlegelHermann Schlegel was a German ornithologist and herpetologist.-Early life and education:Schlegel was born at Altenburg, the son of a brassfounder. His father collected butterflies, which stimulated Schlegel's interest in natural history...
, 1845). - Oblong ponyfish, Leiognathus oblongus (ValenciennesAchille ValenciennesAchille Valenciennes was a French zoologist.Valenciennes was born in Paris, and studied under Georges Cuvier. Valenciennes' study of parasitic worms in humans made an important contribution to the study of parasitology...
, 1835). - Leiognathus pan Wongratana, 1988.
- Panay ponyfish, Leiognathus panayensis Kimura & Dunlap, 2003.
- Leiognathus parviceps (ValenciennesAchille ValenciennesAchille Valenciennes was a French zoologist.Valenciennes was born in Paris, and studied under Georges Cuvier. Valenciennes' study of parasitic worms in humans made an important contribution to the study of parasitology...
, 1835). - Rapson's ponyfish, Leiognathus rapsoni Munro, 1964.
- Slimy offshore ponyfish, Leiognathus rivulatus (TemminckCoenraad Jacob TemminckCoenraad Jacob Temminck was a Dutch aristocrat and zoologist.Temminck was the first director of the National Natural History Museum at Leiden from 1820 until his death. His Manuel d'ornithologie, ou Tableau systematique des oiseaux qui se trouvent en Europe was the standard work on European birds...
& SchlegelHermann SchlegelHermann Schlegel was a German ornithologist and herpetologist.-Early life and education:Schlegel was born at Altenburg, the son of a brassfounder. His father collected butterflies, which stimulated Schlegel's interest in natural history...
, 1845). - Smithurst's ponyfish, Leiognathus smithursti (Ramsay & OgilbyWilliam OgilbyWilliam Ogilby was an Irish barrister and naturalist.Ogilby was honorary secretary of the Zoological Society of London from 1839 to 1846....
, 1886). - Leiognathus spilotus Fowler, 1904.
- Splendid ponyfish, Leiognathus splendens (CuvierGeorges CuvierGeorges Chrétien Léopold Dagobert Cuvier or Jean Léopold Nicolas Frédéric Cuvier , known as Georges Cuvier, was a French naturalist and zoologist...
, 1829). - Oblong slipmouth, Leiognathus stercorarius Evermann & Seale, 1907.
- Leiognathus striatus James & Badrudeen, 1991.
- Genus Secutor Gistel, 1848
- Secutor hanedai Mochizuki & Hayashi, 1989.
- Secutor indicius Monkolprasit, 1973.
- Pugnose ponyfish, Secutor insidiator (BlochMarcus Elieser BlochMarcus Elieser Bloch was a German medical doctor and naturalist. He is generally considered one of the most important ichthyologists of the 18th century.- Life :...
, 1787). - Secutor interruptus (ValenciennesAchille ValenciennesAchille Valenciennes was a French zoologist.Valenciennes was born in Paris, and studied under Georges Cuvier. Valenciennes' study of parasitic worms in humans made an important contribution to the study of parasitology...
, 1835). - Secutor megalolepis Mochizuki & Hayashi, 1989.
- Deep pugnose ponyfish, Secutor ruconius (Hamilton, 1822).