Pittsburg, Kansas
Encyclopedia
Pittsburg is a city in Crawford County
, in southeastern
Kansas
, United States. It is the most populous city in Crawford County and in southeastern Kansas. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 20,233.
, and was escorted by troops from the 6th Kansas Cavalry
under the command of Col. William Campbell. These were local men from Cherokee, Crawford, and Bourbon Counties. Their enlistment was over, and they were on their way to Fort Leavenworth
to be dismissed from service. They ran into the 1st Indian Brigade led by Maj. Andrew Jackson Piercy near the current Pittsburg Waste Water Treatment Plant. They continued to the north when a small group of wagons broke away in an unsuccessful rush to safety. The Confederate troops caught up with them and burned the wagons. The death toll was three Union soldiers and 13 civilian men who had been with the wagon train. It was likely that one of the Confederates had also been killed. A granite marker memorial for the "Cow Creek Skirmish" was placed near the Crawford County Historical Museum on October 30, 2011.
It was founded on May 20, 1876, and was originally named Iowa City. George Hobson and Franklin Playter are credited with being the city's founders, establishing a government after its beginnings as a coal mining camp in the 1870s. The city was incorporated in 1880.
Pittsburg is the home to Pittsburg State University
, founded as a normal training institution
. It has always had a strong manual and industrial arts program and has trained many of the area's public and private school teachers.
A relic of the city's coal mining days was the Pittsburg & Midway Coal Company, founded in 1885, and one of the oldest continuously running coal companies in the United States (even though its headquarters moved several years ago to Denver, Colorado
after the Kansas mines closed). In September 2007, Chevron
which owned the company, merged it with its Molycorp Inc. coal mining division to form Chevron Mining, thus ending the Pittsburg corporate name. Midway referred to a coal camp in eastern Crawford County, Kansas
that was "midway" between Baxter Springs, Kansas
and Fort Scott, Kansas
. Kenneth A. Spencer
, whose father was among the founders of the company was to play an important role in Kansas and Missouri philanthropy.
The city has a rich cultural heritage from many Southern and Eastern European mine workers who settled in and around Pittsburg and Southeastern Kansas. It is situated in a once productive coal field. It now relies heavily on education and government-related employment.
Days is a celebration that is unique to Pittsburg. This celebration of the community's European ethnic heritage features games, entertainment, a parade, competitions, and arts and crafts. It is held in conjunction with the Labor Day
holiday.
, the city has a total area of 12.5 square miles (32.4 km²), of which, 12.4 square miles (32.1 km²) of it is land and 0.1 square mile (0.258998811 km²) of it (0.48%) is water.
It lies 90 miles (144.8 km) west of Springfield, Missouri
, and 137 miles (220.5 km) northeast of Tulsa, Oklahoma
.
of 2000, there were 19,243 people, 7,980 households, and 4,213 families residing in the city. The population density
was 1,546.2 people per square mile (596.8/km²). There were 8,855 housing units at an average density of 711.5 per square mile (274.6/km²). The people are 89.73% White, 3.11% Black/African American, 1.08% Native American, 1.94% Asian, 0.17% Pacific Islander, 1.90% from other races
, and 2.08% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.75% of the population.
There were 7,980 households out of which 25.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 38.0% were married couples living together, 11.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 47.2% were non-families. 34.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 12.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.23 and the average family size was 2.91.
In the city the population was spread out with 20.8% under the age of 18, 24.1% from 18 to 24, 24.1% from 25.
In the city the population was spread out with 20.8% under the age of 18, 24.1% from 18 to 24, 24.1% from 25 to 44, 16.8% from 45 to 64, and 14.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 28 years. For every 100 females there were 94.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.0 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $24,221, and the median income for a family was $36,674. Males had a median income of $26,312 versus $20,132 for females. The per capita income
for the city was $15,318. About 13.6% of families and 22.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24.2% of those under age 18 and 10.3% of those age 65 or over.
Print
Pittsburg has one daily newspaper, The Morning Sun
, which originated in 1885.
to Pittsburg:
AM
FM
to Pittsburg:
Crawford County, Kansas
Crawford County is a county located in southeastern Kansas in the United States. As of the 2010 census, the county population was 39,134. Its county seat is Girard, and its most populous city is Pittsburg. The county was named in honor of Samuel J. Crawford, Governor of Kansas...
, in southeastern
Southeast Kansas
Southeast Kansas is a region of the U.S. state of Kansas. It can be roughly defined by Woodson County in the northwest, Bourbon County in the northeast, Cherokee County in the southeast, and Montgomery County in the southwest. Geographically it is dominated by a broad rolling landscape located...
Kansas
Kansas
Kansas is a US state located in the Midwestern United States. It is named after the Kansas River which flows through it, which in turn was named after the Kansa Native American tribe, which inhabited the area. The tribe's name is often said to mean "people of the wind" or "people of the south...
, United States. It is the most populous city in Crawford County and in southeastern Kansas. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 20,233.
History
On October 23, 1864, a wagon train of refugees had come from Fort Smith, ArkansasFort Smith, Arkansas
Fort Smith is the second-largest city in Arkansas and one of the two county seats of Sebastian County. With a population of 86,209 in 2010, it is the principal city of the Fort Smith, Arkansas-Oklahoma Metropolitan Statistical Area, a region of 298,592 residents which encompasses the Arkansas...
, and was escorted by troops from the 6th Kansas Cavalry
6th Regiment Kansas Volunteer Cavalry
The 6th Kansas Volunteer Cavalry Regiment was a cavalry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War.-Service:The 6th Kansas Cavalry was organized at Fort Scott, Kansas in July 1861. The regiment began as three companies of home guard infantry, followed quickly by five...
under the command of Col. William Campbell. These were local men from Cherokee, Crawford, and Bourbon Counties. Their enlistment was over, and they were on their way to Fort Leavenworth
Fort Leavenworth
Fort Leavenworth is a United States Army facility located in Leavenworth County, Kansas, immediately north of the city of Leavenworth in the upper northeast portion of the state. It is the oldest active United States Army post west of Washington, D.C. and has been in operation for over 180 years...
to be dismissed from service. They ran into the 1st Indian Brigade led by Maj. Andrew Jackson Piercy near the current Pittsburg Waste Water Treatment Plant. They continued to the north when a small group of wagons broke away in an unsuccessful rush to safety. The Confederate troops caught up with them and burned the wagons. The death toll was three Union soldiers and 13 civilian men who had been with the wagon train. It was likely that one of the Confederates had also been killed. A granite marker memorial for the "Cow Creek Skirmish" was placed near the Crawford County Historical Museum on October 30, 2011.
It was founded on May 20, 1876, and was originally named Iowa City. George Hobson and Franklin Playter are credited with being the city's founders, establishing a government after its beginnings as a coal mining camp in the 1870s. The city was incorporated in 1880.
Pittsburg is the home to Pittsburg State University
Pittsburg State University
Pittsburg State University, also called Pitt State or PSU, is a public university with approximately 7,100 students located in Pittsburg, Kansas, United States. A large percentage of the student population consists of residents within the Pittsburg region; the gender proportion is relatively equal...
, founded as a normal training institution
Normal school
A normal school is a school created to train high school graduates to be teachers. Its purpose is to establish teaching standards or norms, hence its name...
. It has always had a strong manual and industrial arts program and has trained many of the area's public and private school teachers.
A relic of the city's coal mining days was the Pittsburg & Midway Coal Company, founded in 1885, and one of the oldest continuously running coal companies in the United States (even though its headquarters moved several years ago to Denver, Colorado
Denver, Colorado
The City and County of Denver is the capital and the most populous city of the U.S. state of Colorado. Denver is a consolidated city-county, located in the South Platte River Valley on the western edge of the High Plains just east of the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains...
after the Kansas mines closed). In September 2007, Chevron
Chevron Corporation
Chevron Corporation is an American multinational energy corporation headquartered in San Ramon, California, United States and active in more than 180 countries. It is engaged in every aspect of the oil, gas, and geothermal energy industries, including exploration and production; refining,...
which owned the company, merged it with its Molycorp Inc. coal mining division to form Chevron Mining, thus ending the Pittsburg corporate name. Midway referred to a coal camp in eastern Crawford County, Kansas
Crawford County, Kansas
Crawford County is a county located in southeastern Kansas in the United States. As of the 2010 census, the county population was 39,134. Its county seat is Girard, and its most populous city is Pittsburg. The county was named in honor of Samuel J. Crawford, Governor of Kansas...
that was "midway" between Baxter Springs, Kansas
Baxter Springs, Kansas
Baxter Springs is a town situated along the Spring River in the extreme southeastern part of Cherokee County, located in southeast Kansas, in the Central United States. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 4,238...
and Fort Scott, Kansas
Fort Scott, Kansas
Fort Scott is a city in and the county seat of Bourbon County, Kansas, United States, south of Kansas City, on the Marmaton River. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 8,087. It is the home of the Fort Scott National Historic Site and the Fort Scott National...
. Kenneth A. Spencer
Kenneth A. Spencer
Kenneth Aldred Spencer was a Kansas coal mine owner who transformed a government surplus factory into the world's biggest ammonium nitrate producer...
, whose father was among the founders of the company was to play an important role in Kansas and Missouri philanthropy.
The city has a rich cultural heritage from many Southern and Eastern European mine workers who settled in and around Pittsburg and Southeastern Kansas. It is situated in a once productive coal field. It now relies heavily on education and government-related employment.
Area events
Little BalkansTranscaspian Region
Transcaspian Region , or Transcaspia, was the name used from the second half of the 19th century until 1924 for the section of Russian Empire to the east of the Caspian Sea, bounded to the south by Iran's Khorasan Province and Afghanistan, to the north by the former Russian province of Uralsk, and...
Days is a celebration that is unique to Pittsburg. This celebration of the community's European ethnic heritage features games, entertainment, a parade, competitions, and arts and crafts. It is held in conjunction with the Labor Day
Labor Day
Labor Day is a United States federal holiday observed on the first Monday in September that celebrates the economic and social contributions of workers.-History:...
holiday.
Geography
Pittsburg is located at 37.410320°N 94.699816°W. According to the United States Census BureauUnited States Census Bureau
The United States Census Bureau is the government agency that is responsible for the United States Census. It also gathers other national demographic and economic data...
, the city has a total area of 12.5 square miles (32.4 km²), of which, 12.4 square miles (32.1 km²) of it is land and 0.1 square mile (0.258998811 km²) of it (0.48%) is water.
It lies 90 miles (144.8 km) west of Springfield, Missouri
Springfield, Missouri
Springfield is the third largest city in the U.S. state of Missouri and the county seat of Greene County. According to the 2010 census data, the population was 159,498, an increase of 5.2% since the 2000 census. The Springfield Metropolitan Area, population 436,712, includes the counties of...
, and 137 miles (220.5 km) northeast of Tulsa, Oklahoma
Tulsa, Oklahoma
Tulsa is the second-largest city in the state of Oklahoma and 46th-largest city in the United States. With a population of 391,906 as of the 2010 census, it is the principal municipality of the Tulsa Metropolitan Area, a region with 937,478 residents in the MSA and 988,454 in the CSA. Tulsa's...
.
Demographics
As of the censusCensus
A census is the procedure of systematically acquiring and recording information about the members of a given population. It is a regularly occurring and official count of a particular population. The term is used mostly in connection with national population and housing censuses; other common...
of 2000, there were 19,243 people, 7,980 households, and 4,213 families residing in the city. The population density
Population density
Population density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume. It is frequently applied to living organisms, and particularly to humans...
was 1,546.2 people per square mile (596.8/km²). There were 8,855 housing units at an average density of 711.5 per square mile (274.6/km²). The people are 89.73% White, 3.11% Black/African American, 1.08% Native American, 1.94% Asian, 0.17% Pacific Islander, 1.90% from other races
Race (United States Census)
Race and ethnicity in the United States Census, as defined by the Federal Office of Management and Budget and the United States Census Bureau, are self-identification data items in which residents choose the race or races with which they most closely identify, and indicate whether or not they are...
, and 2.08% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.75% of the population.
There were 7,980 households out of which 25.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 38.0% were married couples living together, 11.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 47.2% were non-families. 34.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 12.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.23 and the average family size was 2.91.
In the city the population was spread out with 20.8% under the age of 18, 24.1% from 18 to 24, 24.1% from 25.
In the city the population was spread out with 20.8% under the age of 18, 24.1% from 18 to 24, 24.1% from 25 to 44, 16.8% from 45 to 64, and 14.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 28 years. For every 100 females there were 94.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.0 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $24,221, and the median income for a family was $36,674. Males had a median income of $26,312 versus $20,132 for females. The per capita income
Per capita income
Per capita income or income per person is a measure of mean income within an economic aggregate, such as a country or city. It is calculated by taking a measure of all sources of income in the aggregate and dividing it by the total population...
for the city was $15,318. About 13.6% of families and 22.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24.2% of those under age 18 and 10.3% of those age 65 or over.
Government
The Pittsburg government consists of a mayor and four council members. The council meets the 2nd and 4th Tuesday of each month at 5:30 pm.Primary and secondary education
- Meadowlark Elementary School
- George Nettels Elementary School
- Lakeside Elementary
- Westside Elementary
- Pittsburg Community Middle School
- Pittsburg High SchoolPittsburg High School (Kansas)Pittsburg High School is a fully accredited public high school located in Pittsburg, Kansas, USA, serving students in grades 9-12. Pittsburg High School is the one of two high schools in Pittsburg, KS and is the largest high school in southeast Kansas and the Greater Pittsburg Area...
- St. Mary's-Colgan High SchoolSt. Mary's-Colgan High SchoolSt. Mary's Colgan High School is a parochial, Roman Catholic high school in Pittsburg, Kansas in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Wichita. St. Mary's Colgan is under the direction of Our Lady of Lourdes Catholic Parish. The school serves students in grades K-12. The athletic teams at St...
, Parochial Catholic School - Countryside Christian School, Private Christian School (K-4)
- Covenant Harvest, Christian School
College
- Pittsburg State UniversityPittsburg State UniversityPittsburg State University, also called Pitt State or PSU, is a public university with approximately 7,100 students located in Pittsburg, Kansas, United States. A large percentage of the student population consists of residents within the Pittsburg region; the gender proportion is relatively equal...
- Fort Scott Community CollegeFort Scott Community CollegeFort Scott Community College is a two-year institution of higher learning based in Fort Scott, Kansas, with satellite buildings in other cities in Crawford County, including Pittsburg and Frontenac, along with sites in Paola and at Fort Scott High School. It is the oldest community college in...
, School of cosmetology - Labette Community CollegeLabette Community CollegeLabette Community College is a two year accredited college located in Labette County within southeast Kansas. LCC is situated within Labette County’s most populous city Parsons, Kansas, and was first established in the fall of 1923 as Parsons Junior College. The mascot of the school is Chris the...
, Cherokee Center
Library
- Pittsburg Public LibraryPittsburg Public LibraryThe Pittsburg Public Library is a public library in Pittsburg, Kansas, United States. A part of the Southeast Kansas Library System, it circulates a collection of over 70,000 items. Its Art Nouveau building was built in 1910 through a donation from Andrew Carnegie...
- Leonard H. Axe Library, Pittsburg State University offers community library cards.
Public transportation
- Bus System, Pittsburg Area Community Transportation (P.A.C.T)
- Taxi services
Medical
- Via Christi Hospital (formerly Mt. Carmel Regional Medical Center) serves the area with services such as Regional Cancer and Heart Centers.
The Morning Sun (Pittsburg)
The Morning Sun is a daily newspaper published in Pittsburg, Kansas, United States, and owned by GateHouse Media since 2007.-History:Not all sources completely agree on exact dates, but the Morning Sun traces its origin to the Pittsburg Headlight, a weekly which began publication in 1885, under the...
, which originated in 1885.
Radio
The following radio stations are licensedCity of license
A city of license or community of license, in American and Canadian broadcasting, is the community that a radio station or television station is officially licensed to serve by that country's broadcast regulator....
to Pittsburg:
AM
| Frequency | Callsign | Format | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 860 | KKOW KKOW (AM) KKOW is a radio station in Pittsburg, Kansas. It broadcasts classic country music.It began on October 11, 1937 as KOAM, owned by E. Victor Baxter and Lester L. Cox on 790 kHz. It later moved to 810 kHz... |
Classic Country Classic country Classic country is a music radio format that specializes in playing mainstream country hits from past decades.This genre generally follows one of two formats: those specializing in hits from the 1920s through the early 1970s, and focus primarily on innovators and artists from country music's Golden... |
|
| 1340 | KSEK KSEK (AM) KSEK, 1340 AM Talk of the Town, is an AM radio station licensed to Pittsburg, Kansas. It changed over to an Informational Talk format on June 1, 2010. Previously, the station aired formats such as Sports, News/Talk, Adult Standards, Adult Contemporary and Classic Country.The station is home to St.... |
Sports/Talk | |
FM
| Frequency | Callsign | Format | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 89.9 | KRPS KRPS KRPS is the National Public Radio member station for the Four State Area. Licensed to Pittsburg, Kansas, it is owned by Pittsburg State University. Studios are located in Shirk Hall on the PSU campus... |
Public | NPR |
| 96.9 | KKOW-FM KKOW-FM KKOW-FM "96.9 The Kow" is a country station licensed to Pittsburg, Kansas, owned by American Media Investments.96.9 FM was brought on the air in 1975 as KMRJ by Jim Harbart... |
Country Country music Country music is a popular American musical style that began in the rural Southern United States in the 1920s. It takes its roots from Western cowboy and folk music... |
|
| 102.9 | K275BD KZRG KZRG is an AM radio station broadcasting from Joplin, Missouri, and assigned to frequency 1310 kHz. KZRG also broadcasts on 102.9 FM frequency, with the FM frequency being covered by the K275BD translator license... |
News/Talk | |
Television
The following television stations are licensedCity of license
A city of license or community of license, in American and Canadian broadcasting, is the community that a radio station or television station is officially licensed to serve by that country's broadcast regulator....
to Pittsburg:
| Digital Channel | Analog Channel | Callsign | Network | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 7 | ||||
| KOAM-TV KOAM-TV KOAM-TV is a television station in Pittsburg, Kansas broadcasting on channel 7 and affiliated with CBS. The station also serves Joplin, Missouri, along with the Four State Area region of Kansas, Oklahoma, Arkansas and Missouri. KOAM-TV transmits from Columbus, Kansas, and is the sister station to... |
CBS CBS CBS Broadcasting Inc. is a major US commercial broadcasting television network, which started as a radio network. The name is derived from the initials of the network's former name, Columbia Broadcasting System. The network is sometimes referred to as the "Eye Network" in reference to the shape of... |
|||
| 14 | ||||
| KFJX KFJX KFJX was founded in 2003 as the Fox affiliate for the Pittsburg, Kansas/Joplin, Missouri market. It is owned by Saga Communications' Surtsey Media subsidiary, and is a sister station to Saga-owned KOAM-TV.... |
Fox Fox Broadcasting Company Fox Broadcasting Company, commonly referred to as Fox Network or simply Fox , is an American commercial broadcasting television network owned by Fox Entertainment Group, part of Rupert Murdoch's News Corporation. Launched on October 9, 1986, Fox was the highest-rated broadcast network in the... |
|||
| 33 | K33HZ K33HZ K33HZ is a television station in Pittsburg, Kansas. As a TBN owned-and-operated station, it is currently a repeater that broadcasts programming from the Trinity Broadcasting Network, via satellite. The station broadcasts its analog signal on UHF channel 33.... |
TBN Trinity Broadcasting Network The Trinity Broadcasting Network is a major American Christian television network. TBN is based in Costa Mesa, California, with auxiliary studio facilities in Irving, Texas; Hendersonville, Tennessee; Gadsden, Alabama; Decatur, Georgia; Miami, Florida; Tulsa, Oklahoma; Orlando, Florida; and New... |
||
| 38 | KSPJ-LP KSPJ-LP KSPJ-LP is a low-power independent television station in Pittsburg, Kansas, owned by Lamar Veasey. Although licensed for operation on UHF channel 59, it has been granted Special Temporary Authorization by the FCC to broadcast on channel 38 and has a construction permit to move operations to that... |
Ind | ||
| 49 | KPJO-LP | |||
| 54 | KJCJ-LP | JCTV JCTV JCTV is a young adult television network devoted to music videos, owned by the Trinity Broadcasting Network. It is similar to MTV, but with a Christian focus.... |
||
Notable people
- Ralph BerryRed Berry (wrestler)Ralph L. Berry was an American professional wrestler known by his ring name "Wild" Red Berry. He was a multiple time World Light-Heavyweight Champion and an important smaller wrestler of the 1930s to the 1950s, as well as a famous wrestling manager in his later years.-Professional wrestling...
, Professional wrestlerProfessional wrestlingProfessional wrestling is a mode of spectacle, combining athletics and theatrical performance.Roland Barthes, "The World of Wrestling", Mythologies, 1957 It takes the form of events, held by touring companies, which mimic a title match combat sport... - P.J. Forbes, former Major League BaseballMajor League BaseballMajor League Baseball is the highest level of professional baseball in the United States and Canada, consisting of teams that play in the National League and the American League...
player - Hugh GillinHugh GillinHugh Gillin was an American film and television actor. Gillin was born in Galesburg, Illinois. He is best known for playing Sheriff John Hunt in Psycho II and III. Gillin has appeared in a total of 75 films and television series...
, actor - Roy GlennRoy Glenn-Career:Glenn's career spanned five decades, beginning in radio with shows such as Amos 'n Andy and The Jack Benny Show. He made numerous appearances on television, from its early days until 1970. His first film appearance was in 1937; his career included roles in A Raisin in the Sun , with Sidney...
, actor - Don GutteridgeDon GutteridgeDonald Joseph Gutteridge was an American second and third baseman, coach and manager in Major League Baseball who played for the St. Louis Cardinals, St. Louis Browns, Boston Red Sox and Pittsburgh Pirates, and later managed the Chicago White Sox in 1969-1970...
, former Major League Baseball player and manager - Kerry MeierKerry MeierKerry Meier is an American football wide receiver for the Atlanta Falcons of the National Football League. He was drafted by the Falcons in the fifth round of the 2010 NFL Draft. He played college football at Kansas...
, current NFL football player for the Atlanta FalconsAtlanta FalconsThe Atlanta Falcons are a professional American football team based in Atlanta, Georgia. They are a member of the South Division of the National Football Conference in the National Football League... - Dennis RaderDennis RaderDennis Lynn Rader is an American serial killer who murdered ten people in Sedgwick County , between 1974 and 1991....
BTK Serial Killer, born in Pittsburg - Vance RandolphVance RandolphVance Randolph was a famous folklorist who studied the folklore of the Ozarks in particular. He wrote a number of books on topics including the Ozarks, Little Blue Books, and juvenile fiction....
, folklorist - Bill Russell (baseball)Bill Russell (baseball)William Ellis Russell is a former shortstop, coach and manager in Major League Baseball. Russell played his entire 18-year, 2,181-game career with the Los Angeles Dodgers as the starting shortstop for four National League pennant winners and one World Series champion...
, former Major League Baseball player, coach, and manager - Paul WhitePaul White (journalist)Paul Welrose White from Pittsburg, Kansas worked as director of news at CBS beginning in 1930. He was CBS' first news director. White worked as a newspaper journalist prior to beginning his radio broadcasting career with CBS...
, broadcast journalismBroadcast journalismBroadcast journalism is the field of news and journals which are "broadcast", that is, published by electrical methods, instead of the older methods, such as printed newspapers and posters. Broadcast methods include radio , television , and, especially recently, the Internet generally...
pioneer and CBSCBSCBS Broadcasting Inc. is a major US commercial broadcasting television network, which started as a radio network. The name is derived from the initials of the network's former name, Columbia Broadcasting System. The network is sometimes referred to as the "Eye Network" in reference to the shape of...
news director in the 1930s and 1940s.
Further reading
- History of the State of Kansas; William G. Cutler; A.T. Andreas Publisher; 1883. (Online HTML eBook)
- Kansas : A Cyclopedia of State History, Embracing Events, Institutions, Industries, Counties, Cities, Towns, Prominent Persons, Etc; 3 Volumes; Frank W. Blackmar; Standard Publishing Co; 944 / 955 / 824 pages; 1912. (Volume1 - Download 54MB PDF eBook),(Volume2 - Download 53MB PDF eBook), (Volume3 - Download 33MB PDF eBook)