Olhopil, Vinnytsia Oblast
Encyclopedia
Olhopil is a village in Chechelnytskyi Raion of Vinnytsia Oblast
, Ukraine
.
First known since 1780 as Rohuzka Chechelnytska it was a border town between Rzeczpospolita
and Budjak Horde. In 1795 it was renamed Olgopol by Ekaterina II in the name of her granddaughter, Olga Pavlovna. In Imperial Russia it used to be a small town, the center of Olgopol uyezd
of Podolia
guberniya.
Before the 1917 Revolution, Olgopol (also, spelled Olhopil) was a district town in the province of Podolia
. The Jewish population in 1847 was 247; by 1897 the number had increased to 2,473.
Olgopol suffered heavily in 1919 at the hands of the Ukrainian
bands which were active in the surroundings. Jews were also attacked by the armies of Anton Ivanovich Denikin
). In 1926 the Jewish population numbered 1,660 (76.4% of the total). At the time of the German
-Rumanian
occupation (July 1941), most of the Jews fled from the townlet, which was incorporated into the zone annexed by the Rumanians (Transnistria
). The Jews who remained were concentrated into a ghetto
together with about 600 Jews who had been expelled from Bessarabia
and Bukovina
, all of them being submitted to forced labor
in the vicinity.
Vinnytsia Oblast
Vinnytsia Oblast is an oblast of Ukraine. Its administrative center is Vinnytsia.-Geography:The area of the region is 26,500 km²; its population is 1.7 million....
, Ukraine
Ukraine
Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It has an area of 603,628 km², making it the second largest contiguous country on the European continent, after Russia...
.
First known since 1780 as Rohuzka Chechelnytska it was a border town between Rzeczpospolita
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth was a dualistic state of Poland and Lithuania ruled by a common monarch. It was the largest and one of the most populous countries of 16th- and 17th‑century Europe with some and a multi-ethnic population of 11 million at its peak in the early 17th century...
and Budjak Horde. In 1795 it was renamed Olgopol by Ekaterina II in the name of her granddaughter, Olga Pavlovna. In Imperial Russia it used to be a small town, the center of Olgopol uyezd
Uyezd
Uyezd or uezd was an administrative subdivision of Rus', Muscovy, Russian Empire, and the early Russian SFSR which was in use from the 13th century. Uyezds for most of the history in Russia were a secondary-level of administrative division...
of Podolia
Podolia
The region of Podolia is an historical region in the west-central and south-west portions of present-day Ukraine, corresponding to Khmelnytskyi Oblast and Vinnytsia Oblast. Northern Transnistria, in Moldova, is also a part of Podolia...
guberniya.
Before the 1917 Revolution, Olgopol (also, spelled Olhopil) was a district town in the province of Podolia
Podolia
The region of Podolia is an historical region in the west-central and south-west portions of present-day Ukraine, corresponding to Khmelnytskyi Oblast and Vinnytsia Oblast. Northern Transnistria, in Moldova, is also a part of Podolia...
. The Jewish population in 1847 was 247; by 1897 the number had increased to 2,473.
Olgopol suffered heavily in 1919 at the hands of the Ukrainian
Ukrainians
Ukrainians are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Ukraine, which is the sixth-largest nation in Europe. The Constitution of Ukraine applies the term 'Ukrainians' to all its citizens...
bands which were active in the surroundings. Jews were also attacked by the armies of Anton Ivanovich Denikin
Anton Ivanovich Denikin
Anton Ivanovich Denikin was Lieutenant General of the Imperial Russian Army and one of the foremost generals of the White movement in the Russian Civil War.- Childhood :...
). In 1926 the Jewish population numbered 1,660 (76.4% of the total). At the time of the German
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
-Rumanian
Romania
Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian arch, bordering on the Black Sea...
occupation (July 1941), most of the Jews fled from the townlet, which was incorporated into the zone annexed by the Rumanians (Transnistria
Transnistria
Transnistria is a breakaway territory located mostly on a strip of land between the Dniester River and the eastern Moldovan border to Ukraine...
). The Jews who remained were concentrated into a ghetto
Ghetto
A ghetto is a section of a city predominantly occupied by a group who live there, especially because of social, economic, or legal issues.The term was originally used in Venice to describe the area where Jews were compelled to live. The term now refers to an overcrowded urban area often associated...
together with about 600 Jews who had been expelled from Bessarabia
Bessarabia
Bessarabia is a historical term for the geographic region in Eastern Europe bounded by the Dniester River on the east and the Prut River on the west....
and Bukovina
Bukovina
Bukovina is a historical region on the northern slopes of the northeastern Carpathian Mountains and the adjoining plains.-Name:The name Bukovina came into official use in 1775 with the region's annexation from the Principality of Moldavia to the possessions of the Habsburg Monarchy, which became...
, all of them being submitted to forced labor
Unfree labour
Unfree labour includes all forms of slavery as well as all other related institutions .-Payment for unfree labour:If payment occurs, it may be in one or more of the following forms:...
in the vicinity.