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Oidium (genus)
Encyclopedia
Oidium is a genus of Deuteromycetes, where traditionally most anamorphs of the order Erysiphales
are included. Most of them are plant pathogens causing different forms of powdery mildew
, for example:
Oidium albicans has been a parallel name of the yeast Candida albicans
(not related to the powdery mildew).
Some other species of medical importance previously classified as Oidium include:
Erysiphales
Erysiphales are an order of ascomycete fungi. The order contains one family, Erysiphaceae. Many of them cause plant diseases called powdery mildew.-Systematics:The order contains one family , 28 genera and approximately 100 species...
are included. Most of them are plant pathogens causing different forms of powdery mildew
Powdery mildew
Powdery mildew is a fungal disease that affects a wide range of plants. Powdery mildew diseases are caused by many different species of fungi in the order Erysiphales. It is one of the easier diseases to spot, as its symptoms are quite distinctive. Infected plants display white powdery spots on the...
, for example:
- Oidium alphitoides (= O. quercinum) = Microsphaera alphitoides (on oakOakAn oak is a tree or shrub in the genus Quercus , of which about 600 species exist. "Oak" may also appear in the names of species in related genera, notably Lithocarpus...
s) - Oidium anacardii (= Acrosporium anacardii) (on cashewCashewThe cashew is a tree in the family Anacardiaceae. Its English name derives from the Portuguese name for the fruit of the cashew tree, caju, which in turn derives from the indigenous Tupi name, acajú. It is now widely grown in tropical climates for its cashew nuts and cashew apples.-Etymology:The...
) - Oidium arachidisOidium arachidisOidium arachidis is a plant pathogen.- External links :* *...
(on peanutPeanutThe peanut, or groundnut , is a species in the legume or "bean" family , so it is not a nut. The peanut was probably first cultivated in the valleys of Peru. It is an annual herbaceous plant growing tall...
) - Oidium asteris-punicei (= Erysiphe cichoracearumErysiphe cichoracearumErysiphe cichoracearum is a plant pathogen that causes powdery mildew disease of cucurbits, including melon, cucumber, pumpkin, and squash. The primary symptoms are white, powder-like spots on the leaves and stems. Sphaerotheca fuliginea causes a similar looking powdery mildew of cucurbits.-...
) (on mangoMangoThe mango is a fleshy stone fruit belonging to the genus Mangifera, consisting of numerous tropical fruiting trees in the flowering plant family Anacardiaceae. The mango is native to India from where it spread all over the world. It is also the most cultivated fruit of the tropical world. While...
s) - Oidium balsamii = Erysiphe verbasci (on mulleinMulleinThe Mulleins are a genus of about 250 species of flowering plants in the figwort family . They are native to Europe and Asia, with the highest species diversity in the Mediterranean region.They are biennial or perennial plants, rarely annuals or subshrubs, growing to 0.5–3 m tall...
s) - Oidium begoniae (=O.cyclaminis, O.lini, O.violae) = Erysiphe polyphaga (on cornsalad, CallunaCallunaCalluna vulgaris is the sole species in the genus Calluna in the family Ericaceae. It is a low-growing perennial shrub growing to tall, or rarely to and taller, and is found widely in Europe and Asia Minor on acidic soils in open sunny situations and in moderate shade...
and EricaEricaErica ,the heaths or heathers, is a genus of approximately 860 species of flowering plants in the family Ericaceae. The English common names "heath" and "heather" are shared by some closely related genera of similar appearance....
) - Oidium candicans (= Monilia candicans)
- Oidium caricae (on papayaPapayaThe papaya , papaw, or pawpaw is the fruit of the plant Carica papaya, the sole species in the genus Carica of the plant family Caricaceae...
s) - Oidium caricae-papayaeOidium caricae-papayaeOidium caricae-papayae is a plant pathogen.- External links :* *...
(on papayas) - Oidium caricicola (on papayas)
- Oidium chrysanthemi = Erysiphe cichoracearumErysiphe cichoracearumErysiphe cichoracearum is a plant pathogen that causes powdery mildew disease of cucurbits, including melon, cucumber, pumpkin, and squash. The primary symptoms are white, powder-like spots on the leaves and stems. Sphaerotheca fuliginea causes a similar looking powdery mildew of cucurbits.-...
(on numerous plant species, especially AsteraceaeAsteraceaeThe Asteraceae or Compositae , is an exceedingly large and widespread family of vascular plants. The group has more than 22,750 currently accepted species, spread across 1620 genera and 12 subfamilies...
) - Oidium carpini
- Oidium chartarum (= Torula chartarum)
- Oidium cyparissiae (= Acrosporium cyparissiae) (on cypressCupressaceaeThe Cupressaceae or cypress family is a conifer family with worldwide distribution. The family includes 27 to 30 genera , which include the junipers and redwoods, with about 130-140 species in total. They are monoecious, subdioecious or dioecious trees and shrubs from 1-116 m tall...
) - Oidium erysiphoides = Sphaerotheca fuligineaSphaerotheca fuligineaSphaerotheca fuliginea is a plant pathogen that causes powdery mildew on cucurbits. Sphaerotheca fuliginea and Erysiphe cichoracearum are the two most commonly recorded fungi causing cucurbit powdery mildew. In the past, Erysiphe cichoracearum was considered to be the primary causal organism...
(on melonMelonthumb|200px|Various types of melonsThis list of melons includes members of the plant family Cucurbitaceae with edible, fleshy fruit e.g. gourds or cucurbits. The word "melon" can refer to either the plant or specifically to the fruit...
s, watermelonWatermelonWatermelon is a vine-like flowering plant originally from southern Africa. Its fruit, which is also called watermelon, is a special kind referred to by botanists as a pepo, a berry which has a thick rind and fleshy center...
s and cucumberCucumberThe cucumber is a widely cultivated plant in the gourd family Cucurbitaceae, which includes squash, and in the same genus as the muskmelon. The plant is a creeping vine which bears cylindrical edible fruit when ripe. There are three main varieties of cucumber: "slicing", "pickling", and...
s) - Oidium euonymi-japonicae (on spindle-trees)
- Oidium farinosum = Podosphaera leucotrichaPodosphaera leucotrichaPodosphaera leucotricha is a plant pathogen.- External links :* *...
(on appleAppleThe apple is the pomaceous fruit of the apple tree, species Malus domestica in the rose family . It is one of the most widely cultivated tree fruits, and the most widely known of the many members of genus Malus that are used by humans. Apple grow on small, deciduous trees that blossom in the spring...
s) - Oidium fructigenum = Monilia fructigena (on RosaceaeRosaceaeRosaceae are a medium-sized family of flowering plants, including about 2830 species in 95 genera. The name is derived from the type genus Rosa. Among the largest genera are Alchemilla , Sorbus , Crataegus , Cotoneaster , and Rubus...
) - Oidium helichrysi (on strawflowerStrawflowerThe genus Helichrysum consists of an estimated 600 species, in the sunflower family . The type species is Helichrysum orientale. The name is derived from the Greek words helisso and chrysos ....
s) - Oidium heveae (on rubber tree)
- Oidium hortensiae = Microsphaera polonica (on bear's breeches and hydrangeaHydrangeaHydrangea is a genus of about 70 to 75 species of flowering plants native to southern and eastern Asia and North and South America. By far the greatest species diversity is in eastern Asia, notably China, Japan, and Korea...
) - Oidium indicumOidium indicumOidium indicum is a plant pathogen.- External links :* *...
(on papayas and other tropical fruits) - Oidium lauracearum (on laurelLauraceaeThe Lauraceae or Laurel family comprises a group of flowering plants included in the order Laurales. The family contains about 55 genera and over 3500, perhaps as many as 4000, species world-wide, mostly from warm or tropical regions, especially Southeast Asia and South America...
) - Oidium lini ( = Euoidium lini)(on flaxFlaxFlax is a member of the genus Linum in the family Linaceae. It is native to the region extending from the eastern Mediterranean to India and was probably first domesticated in the Fertile Crescent...
) - Oidium lycopersicum (on tomatoTomatoThe word "tomato" may refer to the plant or the edible, typically red, fruit which it bears. Originating in South America, the tomato was spread around the world following the Spanish colonization of the Americas, and its many varieties are now widely grown, often in greenhouses in cooler...
es) - Oidium mangiferaeOidium mangiferaeOidium mangiferae is a plant pathogen that infects mango trees causing powdery mildew. Powdery mildew of mango is an Ascomycete pathogen of the Erysiphales family that was initially described by Berthet in 1914, using samples collected from Brazil. O...
- Oidium manihotisOidium manihotisOidium manihotis is a plant pathogen.- External links :* *...
- Oidium monilioides (=O.tritici)= Blumeria graminisBlumeria graminisBlumeria graminis is a fungus that causes powdery mildew on grasses, including cereals . It is the only species in the genus Blumeria. It has also been called Erysiphe graminis and Oidium monilioides or Oidium tritici.-Systematics:Previously B...
(on cerealCerealCereals are grasses cultivated for the edible components of their grain , composed of the endosperm, germ, and bran...
s) - Oidium neolycopersici (on tomatoes)
- Oidium oxalidis = Microsphaera russellii (on sorrelSorrelCommon sorrel or garden sorrel , often simply called sorrel, is a perennial herb that is cultivated as a garden herb or leaf vegetable...
s) - Oidium papayae (on papayas)
- Oidium pullorum
- Oidium sesami
- Oidium tingitaninumOidium tingitaninumOidium tingitaninum is a plant pathogen.- External links :* *...
- Oidium tuckeri = Uncinula necatorUncinula necatorUncinula necator is a fungus that causes powdery mildew of grape. It is a common pathogen of Vitis species, including the wine grape, Vitis vinifera. The fungus is believed to have originated in North America. European varieties of Vitis vinifera are more or less susceptible to this fungus...
(on grapeGrapeA grape is a non-climacteric fruit, specifically a berry, that grows on the perennial and deciduous woody vines of the genus Vitis. Grapes can be eaten raw or they can be used for making jam, juice, jelly, vinegar, wine, grape seed extracts, raisins, molasses and grape seed oil. Grapes are also...
s)
Oidium albicans has been a parallel name of the yeast Candida albicans
Candida albicans
Candida albicans is a diploid fungus that grows both as yeast and filamentous cells and a causal agent of opportunistic oral and genital infections in humans. Systemic fungal infections including those by C...
(not related to the powdery mildew).
Some other species of medical importance previously classified as Oidium include:
- Oidium cutaneum = Trichosporon cutaneum (cause of some human fungal diseases)
- Oidium lactis (=Oidium pulmoneum) = Geotrichum candidumGeotrichum candidumGeotrichum candidum is a Fungi or mold that can act as a plant pathogen causing sour rot on peach, nectarine, tomato and carrot. It is also widely used in the production of many dairy products including many natural rind cheeses such as Camembert and other bloomy rind cheese, Saint-Nectaire, Tomme...
(in soil, water and air, also belongs to normal human flora)