Oculoplastics
Encyclopedia
Oculoplastics, or oculoplastic surgery, includes a wide variety of surgical procedures that deal with the orbit (eye socket), eyelids, tear ducts, and the face. It also deals with the reconstruction of the eye and associated structures.
, and some Otolaryngologists
.
), repair of tear duct obstructions, orbital fracture repairs, removal of tumors in and around the eyes, eyelid reconstruction and facial rejuvenation procedures including laser skin resurfacing, eye lifts, brow lifts, and facelifts.
, ectropion
, ptosis
, and eyelid tumors are commonly treated by various forms of eyelid surgery.
Training
Oculoplastic surgeons (ophthalmic plastic surgeons) are ophthalmologists (eye surgeons) who complete 1–2 years of additional fellowship training following their ophthalmology residency. Other types of surgeons may be trained in oculoplastic procedures, including some Plastic surgeons, some Oral and maxillofacial surgeonsOral and maxillofacial surgery
Oral and maxillofacial surgery is surgery to correct a wide spectrum of diseases, injuries and defects in the head, neck, face, jaws and the hard and soft tissues of the oral and maxillofacial region. It is an internationally recognized surgical specialty...
, and some Otolaryngologists
Otolaryngology
Otolaryngology or ENT is the branch of medicine and surgery that specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of ear, nose, throat, and head and neck disorders....
.
Oculoplastic procedures
Oculoplastic surgeons perform procedures such as the repair of droopy eyelids (blepharoplastyBlepharoplasty
Blepharoplasty is surgical modification of the eyelid. Excess tissue such as skin and fat are removed or repositioned, and surrounding muscles and tendons may be reinforced. It can be both a functional and cosmetic surgery.-Indications:...
), repair of tear duct obstructions, orbital fracture repairs, removal of tumors in and around the eyes, eyelid reconstruction and facial rejuvenation procedures including laser skin resurfacing, eye lifts, brow lifts, and facelifts.
Eyelid surgery
EntropionEntropion
Entropion is a medical condition in which the eyelid folds inward. It is very uncomfortable, as the eyelashes constantly rub against the cornea. Entropion is usually caused by genetic factors and may be congenital...
, ectropion
Ectropion
Ectropion is a medical condition in which the lower eyelid turns outwards. It is one of the notable aspects of newborns exhibiting congenital Harlequin type ichthyosis, but ectropion can occur due to any weakening of tissue of the lower eyelid. The condition can be repaired surgically...
, ptosis
Ptosis (eyelid)
Ptosis is a drooping of the upper or lower eyelid. The drooping may be worse after being awake longer, when the individual's muscles are tired. This condition is sometimes called "lazy eye", but that term normally refers to amblyopia...
, and eyelid tumors are commonly treated by various forms of eyelid surgery.
- BlepharoplastyBlepharoplastyBlepharoplasty is surgical modification of the eyelid. Excess tissue such as skin and fat are removed or repositioned, and surrounding muscles and tendons may be reinforced. It can be both a functional and cosmetic surgery.-Indications:...
(eyelift) is plastic surgeryPlastic surgeryPlastic surgery is a medical specialty concerned with the correction or restoration of form and function. Though cosmetic or aesthetic surgery is the best-known kind of plastic surgery, most plastic surgery is not cosmetic: plastic surgery includes many types of reconstructive surgery, hand...
of the eyelidEyelidAn eyelid is a thin fold of skin that covers and protects an eye. With the exception of the prepuce and the labia minora, it has the thinnest skin of the whole body. The levator palpebrae superioris muscle retracts the eyelid to "open" the eye. This can be either voluntarily or involuntarily...
s to remove excessive skin or subcutaneous fat.- Asian blepharoplastyAsian blepharoplastyAsian blepharoplasty, also known as "double eyelid surgery", is a type of cosmetic surgery where the skin around the eye is reshaped . The purpose of the procedure is to create an upper eyelid with a crease from an eyelid that is naturally without a crease...
- Asian blepharoplasty
- PtosisPtosis (eyelid)Ptosis is a drooping of the upper or lower eyelid. The drooping may be worse after being awake longer, when the individual's muscles are tired. This condition is sometimes called "lazy eye", but that term normally refers to amblyopia...
repair for droopy eyelid. - EctropionEctropionEctropion is a medical condition in which the lower eyelid turns outwards. It is one of the notable aspects of newborns exhibiting congenital Harlequin type ichthyosis, but ectropion can occur due to any weakening of tissue of the lower eyelid. The condition can be repaired surgically...
repairhttp://www.stlukeseye.com/Conditions/Ectropion.asp - EntropionEntropionEntropion is a medical condition in which the eyelid folds inward. It is very uncomfortable, as the eyelashes constantly rub against the cornea. Entropion is usually caused by genetic factors and may be congenital...
repair - Canthal resection
- A canthectomy is the surgical removal of tissue at the junction of the upper and lower eyelids.
- Cantholysis is the surgical division of the canthus.
- Canthopexy
- A canthoplasty is plastic surgery at the canthus.
- A canthorrhaphy is suturing of the outer canthus to shorten the palpebral fissurePalpebral fissurePalpebral fissure is the anatomic name for the separation between the upper and lower eyelids. In adults, this measures about 10mm vertically and 30mm horizontally.It can be reduced in horizontal size by fetal alcohol syndrome and in Williams Syndrome...
. - A canthotomy is the surgical division of the canthus, usually the outer canthus.
- A lateral canthotomy is the surgical division of the outer canthus.
- EpicanthoplastyEpicanthoplastyEpicanthoplasty is eye surgery to remove the epicanthal folds. It can be a challenging procedure because the epicanthal folds overlay the lacrimal canaliculi ....
- TarsorrhaphyTarsorrhaphyTarsorrhaphy is a surgical procedure in which the eyelids are partially sewn together to narrow the opening .It may be done to protect the cornea in cases of corneal exposure or after corneal graft surgery.-External links:*...
is a procedure in which the eyelidEyelidAn eyelid is a thin fold of skin that covers and protects an eye. With the exception of the prepuce and the labia minora, it has the thinnest skin of the whole body. The levator palpebrae superioris muscle retracts the eyelid to "open" the eye. This can be either voluntarily or involuntarily...
s are partially sewn together to narrow the opening (i.e. palpebral fissurePalpebral fissurePalpebral fissure is the anatomic name for the separation between the upper and lower eyelids. In adults, this measures about 10mm vertically and 30mm horizontally.It can be reduced in horizontal size by fetal alcohol syndrome and in Williams Syndrome...
). - Removal of eyelid tumors (such as basal cell carcinomaBasal cell carcinomaBasal-cell carcinoma is the most common type of skin cancer. It rarely metastasizes or kills. However, because it can cause significant destruction and disfigurement by invading surrounding tissues, it is still considered malignant. Statistically, approximately 3 out of 10 Caucasians may develop a...
or squamous cell carcinomaSquamous cell carcinomaSquamous cell carcinoma , occasionally rendered as "squamous-cell carcinoma", is a histologically distinct form of cancer. It arises from the uncontrolled multiplication of malignant cells deriving from epithelium, or showing particular cytological or tissue architectural characteristics of...
)
Surgery involving the lacrimal apparatus
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- DCR (Dacryocystorhinostomy) for Tearing
- Canaliculodacryocystostomy is a surgical correction for a congenitally blocked tear ductLacrimal canaliculiThe lacrimal canaliculi, also known as the lacrimal canals or lacrimal ducts, are the small channels in each eyelid that commence at minute orifices, termed puncta lacrimalia, on the summits of the papillae lacrimales, seen on the margins of the lids at the lateral extremity of the lacus...
in which the closed segment is excised and the open end is joined to the lacrimal sacLacrimal sacThe lacrimal sac is the upper dilated end of the nasolacrimal duct, and is lodged in a deep groove formed by the lacrimal bone and frontal process of the maxilla...
. - Canaliculotomy involves slitting of the lacrimal punctum and canaliculusLacrimal canaliculiThe lacrimal canaliculi, also known as the lacrimal canals or lacrimal ducts, are the small channels in each eyelid that commence at minute orifices, termed puncta lacrimalia, on the summits of the papillae lacrimales, seen on the margins of the lids at the lateral extremity of the lacus...
for the relief of epiphora - A dacryoadenectomy is the surgical removal of a lacrimal gland.
- A dacryocystectomy is the surgical removal of a part of the lacrimal sac.
- A dacryocystorhinostomyDacryocystorhinostomyDacryocystorhinostomy is a surgical procedure to restore the flow of tears into the nose from the lacrimal sac when the nasolacrimal duct does not function.-Traditional:...
(DCR) or dacryocystorhinotomy is a procedure to restore the flow of tears into the nose from the lacrimal sac when the nasolacrimal duct does not function. - A dacryocystostomy is an incision into the lacrimal sac, usually to promote drainage.
- A dacryocystotomy is an incision into the lacrimal sac.
Eye removal
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- An enucleationEnucleationEnucleation is removal of the eye, leaving the eye muscles and remaining orbital contents intact. This type of ocular surgery is indicated for a number of different ocular tumors, in eyes that have suffered severe trauma, and in eyes that are blind and painful owing to other...
is the removal of the eye leaving the eye muscles and remaining orbital contents intact. - An evisceration is the removal of the eye's contents, leaving the scleral shell intact. Usually performed to reduce pain in a blind eye.
- An exenteration is the removal of the entire orbital contents, including the eye, extraocular muscles, fat, and connective tissues; usually for malignant orbital tumors.
- An enucleation
Orbital Reconstruction
- Ocular prosthetics (artificial eyes)
- Orbital prosthesisOrbital prosthesisAn orbital prosthesis is a type of craniofacial prosthesis used to replace an absent eye socket/eye. Typically made of polydimethylsiloxane, an orbital prosthesis is flexible and made to move with the skin. It is retained to the patient daily by using an adhesive or osseointegrated implants....
(artificial replacement of the eye and eyelids within the discipline of AnaplastologyAnaplastologyAnaplastology is a branch of medicine dealing with the prosthetic rehabilitation of an absent, disfigured, or malformed anatomically critical location of the face or body. The term anaplastology was coined by Walter G...
) for an extenterated orbit. - Orbital decompression for Grave's Disease
Other
- Botox injections
- Ultrapeel Microdermabrasion
- Endoscopic forehead and browlift
- Face lift (RhytidectomyRhytidectomyA facelift, technically known as a rhytidectomy , is a type of cosmetic surgery procedure used to give a more youthful appearance...
) - LiposuctionLiposuctionLiposuction, also known as lipoplasty , liposculpture suction lipectomy or simply lipo is a cosmetic surgery operation that removes fat from many different sites on the human body...
of the face and neck - Browplasty
See also
- Cosmetic surgery
- Eye surgeryEye surgeryEye surgery, also known as orogolomistician surgery or ocular surgery, is surgery performed on the eye or its adnexa, typically by an ophthalmologist.-Preparation and precautions:...
- List of eye diseases and disorders
- Plastic surgeryPlastic surgeryPlastic surgery is a medical specialty concerned with the correction or restoration of form and function. Though cosmetic or aesthetic surgery is the best-known kind of plastic surgery, most plastic surgery is not cosmetic: plastic surgery includes many types of reconstructive surgery, hand...
- Maxillofacial surgeryOral and maxillofacial surgeryOral and maxillofacial surgery is surgery to correct a wide spectrum of diseases, injuries and defects in the head, neck, face, jaws and the hard and soft tissues of the oral and maxillofacial region. It is an internationally recognized surgical specialty...
- OtolaryngologyOtolaryngologyOtolaryngology or ENT is the branch of medicine and surgery that specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of ear, nose, throat, and head and neck disorders....