Nishio Domain
Encyclopedia
was a Japanese domain
of the Edo period
, located in former Mikawa Province
, in what is now the modern-day city of Nishio
in Aichi Prefecture
, Japan
. It was centered on Nishio Castle
.
became independent of the Imagawa clan
in 1561, he established Nishio Castle, and assigned his close hereditary retainer, Sakai Masachika to become its first castellan. It was a mark of Ieyasu’s favor and trust, as Sakai Masachika was the first of Ieyasu’s retainers to be so honored. Following the Battle of Sekigahara
, the Sakai clan
was reassigned to more lucrative territories in western Japan, and was replaced by a branch of the Honda clan
as first rulers of the new Nishio-han. The domain changed hands with almost every generation, reverting for periods to tenryō status under direct control of the Tokugawa shogunate
. The Doi clan held the territory for almost 100 years (1663-1747), and the Ogyu branch of the Matsudaira clan
from 1764 until the Meiji restoration
in 1867.
The final daimyō
, Matsudaira Noritsune, took part in the Second Chōshū expedition
, and was assigned to guard Osaka and Kyoto, but presided over domain deeply divided between pro- and anti- Shogunal factions. He surrendered to the new Meiji government during the Boshin War
, after the defection of many junior samurai
to the pro-Imperial cause.
After the abolition of the han system
in July 1871, the domain became “Nishio Prefecture”, which later became part of Nukata Prefecture
, and finally Aichi Prefecture.
Nishio Domain was not a single contiguous territory, but consisted of many widely scattered holdings:
Han (Japan)
The or domain was the name of the estate belonging to a warrior in Japan after the 17th century. The fiefs of the daimyos of the samurai class of Japan during the Edo period were called han.-Edo period:...
of the Edo period
Edo period
The , or , is a division of Japanese history which was ruled by the shoguns of the Tokugawa family, running from 1603 to 1868. The political entity of this period was the Tokugawa shogunate....
, located in former Mikawa Province
Mikawa Province
is an old province in the area that today forms the eastern half of Aichi Prefecture. It was sometimes called . Mikawa bordered on Owari, Mino, Shinano, and Tōtōmi Provinces....
, in what is now the modern-day city of Nishio
Nishio, Aichi
is a city located in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. As of February 2011, the city has an estimated population of 165,443 and a population density of 1,030 persons per km². The total area is 160.34 km².-Geography:...
in Aichi Prefecture
Aichi Prefecture
is a prefecture of Japan located in the Chūbu region. The region of Aichi is also known as the Tōkai region. The capital is Nagoya. It is the focus of the Chūkyō Metropolitan Area.- History :...
, Japan
Japan
Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
. It was centered on Nishio Castle
Nishio Castle
is a Japanese castle located in Nishio, eastern Aichi Prefecture, Japan. At the end of the Edo period, Nishio Castle was home to the Ogyu Matsudaira, daimyō of Nishio Domain. The castle was also known as , , or .- History :...
.
History
When Tokugawa IeyasuTokugawa Ieyasu
was the founder and first shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan , which ruled from the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600 until the Meiji Restoration in 1868. Ieyasu seized power in 1600, received appointment as shogun in 1603, abdicated from office in 1605, but...
became independent of the Imagawa clan
Imagawa clan
The was a Japanese clan that claimed descent from Emperor Seiwa . It was a branch of the Minamoto clan by the Ashikaga clan.-Origins:Ashikaga Kuniuji, grandson of Ashikaga Yoshiuji, established himself in the 13th century at Imagawa and took its name.Imagawa Norikuni received from his cousin the...
in 1561, he established Nishio Castle, and assigned his close hereditary retainer, Sakai Masachika to become its first castellan. It was a mark of Ieyasu’s favor and trust, as Sakai Masachika was the first of Ieyasu’s retainers to be so honored. Following the Battle of Sekigahara
Battle of Sekigahara
The , popularly known as the , was a decisive battle on October 21, 1600 which cleared the path to the Shogunate for Tokugawa Ieyasu...
, the Sakai clan
Sakai clan
The was a Japanese samurai clan that claimed descent from the Nitta branch of the Minamoto clan, who were in turn descendants of Emperor Seiwa. Serata Arichika, a samurai of the 14th century, was the common ancestor of both the Sakai clan and the Matsudaira clan, which the Sakai later served...
was reassigned to more lucrative territories in western Japan, and was replaced by a branch of the Honda clan
Honda clan
The ' is a Japanese family that claims descent from the medieval court noble Fujiwara no Kanemichi. The family settled in Mikawa and served the Matsudaira clan as retainers. Later, when the main Matsudaira family became the Tokugawa clan, the Honda rose in prestige. The clan includes thirteen...
as first rulers of the new Nishio-han. The domain changed hands with almost every generation, reverting for periods to tenryō status under direct control of the Tokugawa shogunate
Tokugawa shogunate
The Tokugawa shogunate, also known as the and the , was a feudal regime of Japan established by Tokugawa Ieyasu and ruled by the shoguns of the Tokugawa family. This period is known as the Edo period and gets its name from the capital city, Edo, which is now called Tokyo, after the name was...
. The Doi clan held the territory for almost 100 years (1663-1747), and the Ogyu branch of the Matsudaira clan
Matsudaira clan
The was a Japanese samurai clan that claimed descent from the Minamoto clan. It first originated in and took its name from Matsudaira village, in Mikawa Province . Over the course of its history, the clan produced many branches, most of which also centered around Mikawa Province...
from 1764 until the Meiji restoration
Meiji Restoration
The , also known as the Meiji Ishin, Revolution, Reform or Renewal, was a chain of events that restored imperial rule to Japan in 1868...
in 1867.
The final daimyō
Daimyo
is a generic term referring to the powerful territorial lords in pre-modern Japan who ruled most of the country from their vast, hereditary land holdings...
, Matsudaira Noritsune, took part in the Second Chōshū expedition
Second Chōshū expedition
The Second Chōshū expedition , also called the Summer War, was a punitive expedition led by the Tokugawa Shogunate against the Chōshū Domain. It followed the First Chōshū expedition of 1864....
, and was assigned to guard Osaka and Kyoto, but presided over domain deeply divided between pro- and anti- Shogunal factions. He surrendered to the new Meiji government during the Boshin War
Boshin War
The was a civil war in Japan, fought from 1868 to 1869 between forces of the ruling Tokugawa shogunate and those seeking to return political power to the imperial court....
, after the defection of many junior samurai
Samurai
is the term for the military nobility of pre-industrial Japan. According to translator William Scott Wilson: "In Chinese, the character 侍 was originally a verb meaning to wait upon or accompany a person in the upper ranks of society, and this is also true of the original term in Japanese, saburau...
to the pro-Imperial cause.
After the abolition of the han system
Abolition of the han system
The was an act, in 1871, of the new Meiji government of the Empire of Japan to replace the traditional feudal domain system and to introduce centralized government authority . This process marked the culmination of the Meiji Restoration in that all daimyo were required to return their authority...
in July 1871, the domain became “Nishio Prefecture”, which later became part of Nukata Prefecture
Nukata Prefecture
was a prefecture in the Chūbu region of Japan, comprising the former state of Mikawa and the Chita Peninsula. It was merged into Aichi Prefecture on November 27, 1872....
, and finally Aichi Prefecture.
Nishio Domain was not a single contiguous territory, but consisted of many widely scattered holdings:
- Mikawa Province: 112 villages in HazuHazu District, Aichiis a former rural district located in southeastern Aichi Prefecture, Japan.As of 2003 , the district had an estimated population of 58,921 and a population density of 696.88 persons per km²...
, 19 villages in Kamo, 7 villages in NukataNukata District, Aichiis a rural district located in central Aichi, Japan. As a result of various consolidations and mergers of municipalities, most of the district was incorporated into the cities of Okazaki and Toyota, and now consists of only the town of Kōta....
, 4 villages in HoiHoi District, Aichiis a former rural district located in eastern Aichi Prefecture, Japan.As of 2008 , the district had an estimated population of 21,766 and a population density of 2194 persons per km². Its total area was 9.92 km².-History:...
, 1 village in Hekikai - Suruga ProvinceSuruga Provincewas an old province in the area that is today the central part of Shizuoka prefecture. It was sometimes called . Suruga bordered on Izu, Kai, Sagami, Shinano, and Tōtōmi provinces; and had access to the Pacific Ocean through Suruga Bay.-History:...
: 8 villages in Kitō, 2 villages in HaibaraHaibara District, ShizuokaHaibara is a district located in Shizuoka, Japan.As of 2004, the district has an estimated population of 95,091 and a density of 126.88 persons per km²...
, 1 village in FujiFuji District, Shizuokawas a district located in Shizuoka Prefecture. The district covered the entire area of the city of Fujinomiya and parts of the city of Fuji.Until the day before the dissolution, the district had only one town....
, 1 village in SuntōSunto District, Shizuokais a district located in Shizuoka, Japan. The area is part of former Suruga Province.As of 2009, the district has an estimated population of 93,038 and a density of 543 persons per km². The total area is 171.48 km².-Towns and villages:...
, - Echizen ProvinceEchizen Provincewas an old province of Japan, which is today the northern part of Fukui Prefecture. It was sometimes called , with Etchū and Echigo Provinces.Echizen is famous for washi . A text dated AD 774 mentions the washi made in this area. Echizen-produced Washi is still the most commonly sold traditional...
: 27 villages in NyūNyu District, Fukuiis a district located in Fukui Prefecture, Japan.As of 2005, the district has an estimated population of 23,995 and a density of 157 persons per km²...
, 7 villages in Nanjō District, FukuiNanjo District, Fukuiis a district located in Fukui, Japan.As of October 1, 2005, the district has an estimated population of 12,273 and a density of 35.69 persons per km². The total area is 343.84 km².-Towns and villages:...
, 3 villages in SakaiSakai District, FukuiSakai was a district located in Fukui, Japan.As of October 1, 2005, the district had an estimated population of 92,312 and a density of 439.77 persons per km²...
List of daimyō
- Honda clanHonda clanThe ' is a Japanese family that claims descent from the medieval court noble Fujiwara no Kanemichi. The family settled in Mikawa and served the Matsudaira clan as retainers. Later, when the main Matsudaira family became the Tokugawa clan, the Honda rose in prestige. The clan includes thirteen...
(fudai) 1601–1617# Name Tenure Courtesy title Court Rank revenues 1 1601–1617 Nui no suke Lower 5th (従五位下) 20,000 koku
- Ogyu Matsudaira clanMatsudaira clanThe was a Japanese samurai clan that claimed descent from the Minamoto clan. It first originated in and took its name from Matsudaira village, in Mikawa Province . Over the course of its history, the clan produced many branches, most of which also centered around Mikawa Province...
(fudai) 1617–16211 1617–1621 Ukon-no-jō Lower 5th (従五位下) 20,000 koku
- Honda clanHonda clanThe ' is a Japanese family that claims descent from the medieval court noble Fujiwara no Kanemichi. The family settled in Mikawa and served the Matsudaira clan as retainers. Later, when the main Matsudaira family became the Tokugawa clan, the Honda rose in prestige. The clan includes thirteen...
(fudai) 1621–16361 1621–1636 Shimosa-no-kami Lower 5th (従五位下) 35,000 koku
- Ōta clanOta clanThe was a Japanese samurai clan descended from the Seiwa Genji. The Ota are best known as daimyō of territories on Kyūshū during the Edo period ....
(fudai) 1638–16441 1638–1644 Bitchu-no-kami Lower 5th (従五位下) 15,000 – 35,000 koku
- Ii clanIi clanThe ' is a Japanese clan which originates in Tōtōmi Province. It was a retainer clan of the Imagawa family, and then switched sides to the Matsudaira clan of Mikawa Province. A famed 16th century clan member, Ii Naomasa, served as one of Tokugawa Ieyasu's generals, and received the fief of Hikone...
(fudai) 1645–16591 1645–1659 Hyōbu-shō Lower 5th (従五位下) 35,000 koku
- Mashiyama clan (fudai) 1659–1663
# Name Tenure Courtesy title Court Rank revenues 1 1659–1662 Danjō-shōhitsu Lower 5th (従五位下) 20,000 koku 2 1662–1663 Hyōbu-shō Lower 5th (従五位下) 20,000 koku
- Doi clan (fudai) 1663-1747
# Name Tenure Courtesy title Court Rank revenues 1 1663–1681 Hyōgo-ryō Lower 5th (従五位下) 23,000 koku 2 1681–1724 Yamashiro-no-kami Lower 5th (従五位下) 23,000 koku 3 1724–1734 Awaji-no-kami Lower 5th (従五位下) 23,000 koku 4 1734–1747 Iyo-no-kami Lower 5th (従五位下) 23,000 koku
- Miura clanMiura clanThe ' was one of the branch families descended from the Taira clan. They held large fiefs, and great political influence. They were one of the primary opponents of the Hōjō family of regents, in the mid-13th century, and again at the beginning of the 16th...
(fudai) 1747-1764# Name Tenure Courtesy title Court Rank revenues 1 1747–1756 Kazue-no-kami Lower 5th (従五位下) 23,000 koku 2 1756–1764 Hyōgo-ryō Lower 5th (従五位下) 23,000 koku
- Ogyu MatsudairaMatsudaira clanThe was a Japanese samurai clan that claimed descent from the Minamoto clan. It first originated in and took its name from Matsudaira village, in Mikawa Province . Over the course of its history, the clan produced many branches, most of which also centered around Mikawa Province...
(fudai) 1764-1871# Name Tenure Courtesy title Court Rank revenues 1 1764–1769 Izumi-no-kami Lower 5th (従五位下) 60,000 koku 2 1769–1793 Izumi-no-kami Lower 4th (従四位下) 60,000 koku 3 1793–1839 Izumi-no-kami Lower 5th (従五位下) 60,000 koku 4 1839–1862 Izumi-no-kami Lower 4th (従四位下) 60,000 koku 5 1862–1871 Izumi-no-kami Lower 5th (従五位下) 60,000 koku