Nikolai Rynin
Encyclopedia
Nikolai Alekseevich Rynin (December 23, 1887– July 28, 1942) was a Russia
n civil engineer
, teacher
, aerospace
researcher, author
, historian
, and promoter of space travel.
Rynin began his career in civil engineering, working in the railway industry. However, in 1906 he developed an interest in aircraft
and manned flight. During his career he performed research in aeronautics
, became a balloonist and aircraft pilot, taught aerospace topics as a professor in Leningrad
, and wrote various books and articles on airplanes and space travel.
In the April 1918 issue of the Byloye magazine, Rynin
published Nikolai Kibalchich
's description of a manned, rocket
-propelled ship. Between 1928 and 1932 he published a nine-volume encyclopedia
of space travel
called the Mezhplanetnye Soobschniya ("Interplanetary Communications"). He is known to have corresponded with peers in the West
, including Robert H. Goddard
in 1926, concerning Russian rocketry activities.
Rynin died from a combination of starvation and illness during the German siege of leningrad
, as did fellow spaceflight promoter Yakov Perelman.
The crater Rynin
on the Moon
is named after him.
They are available in English
from NASA
as follows:
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
n civil engineer
Engineer
An engineer is a professional practitioner of engineering, concerned with applying scientific knowledge, mathematics and ingenuity to develop solutions for technical problems. Engineers design materials, structures, machines and systems while considering the limitations imposed by practicality,...
, teacher
Teacher
A teacher or schoolteacher is a person who provides education for pupils and students . The role of teacher is often formal and ongoing, carried out at a school or other place of formal education. In many countries, a person who wishes to become a teacher must first obtain specified professional...
, aerospace
Aerospace
Aerospace comprises the atmosphere of Earth and surrounding space. Typically the term is used to refer to the industry that researches, designs, manufactures, operates, and maintains vehicles moving through air and space...
researcher, author
Author
An author is broadly defined as "the person who originates or gives existence to anything" and that authorship determines responsibility for what is created. Narrowly defined, an author is the originator of any written work.-Legal significance:...
, historian
Historian
A historian is a person who studies and writes about the past and is regarded as an authority on it. Historians are concerned with the continuous, methodical narrative and research of past events as relating to the human race; as well as the study of all history in time. If the individual is...
, and promoter of space travel.
Rynin began his career in civil engineering, working in the railway industry. However, in 1906 he developed an interest in aircraft
Aircraft
An aircraft is a vehicle that is able to fly by gaining support from the air, or, in general, the atmosphere of a planet. An aircraft counters the force of gravity by using either static lift or by using the dynamic lift of an airfoil, or in a few cases the downward thrust from jet engines.Although...
and manned flight. During his career he performed research in aeronautics
Aeronautics
Aeronautics is the science involved with the study, design, and manufacturing of airflight-capable machines, or the techniques of operating aircraft and rocketry within the atmosphere...
, became a balloonist and aircraft pilot, taught aerospace topics as a professor in Leningrad
Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea...
, and wrote various books and articles on airplanes and space travel.
In the April 1918 issue of the Byloye magazine, Rynin
published Nikolai Kibalchich
Nikolai Kibalchich
Nikolai Ivanovich Kibalchich was a Russian revolutionary, taking part in the assassination of Tsar Alexander II as the main explosive expert for Narodnaya Volya , and also a rocket pioneer...
's description of a manned, rocket
Rocket
A rocket is a missile, spacecraft, aircraft or other vehicle which obtains thrust from a rocket engine. In all rockets, the exhaust is formed entirely from propellants carried within the rocket before use. Rocket engines work by action and reaction...
-propelled ship. Between 1928 and 1932 he published a nine-volume encyclopedia
Encyclopedia
An encyclopedia is a type of reference work, a compendium holding a summary of information from either all branches of knowledge or a particular branch of knowledge....
of space travel
Spaceflight
Spaceflight is the act of travelling into or through outer space. Spaceflight can occur with spacecraft which may, or may not, have humans on board. Examples of human spaceflight include the Russian Soyuz program, the U.S. Space shuttle program, as well as the ongoing International Space Station...
called the Mezhplanetnye Soobschniya ("Interplanetary Communications"). He is known to have corresponded with peers in the West
Western world
The Western world, also known as the West and the Occident , is a term referring to the countries of Western Europe , the countries of the Americas, as well all countries of Northern and Central Europe, Australia and New Zealand...
, including Robert H. Goddard
Robert H. Goddard
Robert Hutchings Goddard was an American professor, physicist and inventor who is credited with creating and building the world's first liquid-fueled rocket, which he successfully launched on March 16, 1926...
in 1926, concerning Russian rocketry activities.
Rynin died from a combination of starvation and illness during the German siege of leningrad
Siege of Leningrad
The Siege of Leningrad, also known as the Leningrad Blockade was a prolonged military operation resulting from the failure of the German Army Group North to capture Leningrad, now known as Saint Petersburg, in the Eastern Front theatre of World War II. It started on 8 September 1941, when the last...
, as did fellow spaceflight promoter Yakov Perelman.
The crater Rynin
Rynin (crater)
Rynin is a lunar crater that is located just behind the northwestern limb, on the far side of the Moon. It is located just to the east of the larger crater Stefan, and to the southwest of Chapman....
on the Moon
Moon
The Moon is Earth's only known natural satellite,There are a number of near-Earth asteroids including 3753 Cruithne that are co-orbital with Earth: their orbits bring them close to Earth for periods of time but then alter in the long term . These are quasi-satellites and not true moons. For more...
is named after him.
Interplanetary Communications
Rynin's encyclopedia contains the following nine volumes:- Dreams, Legends, and Early Fantasies
- Spacecraft in Science Fiction
- Radiant Energy: Science Fiction and Scientific Projects
- Rockets
- Theory of rocket propulsion
- Superaviation and superartillery
- K. E. Tsiolkoviskii; life, writings, and rockets
- Theory of space flight
- AstronavigationCelestial navigationCelestial navigation, also known as astronavigation, is a position fixing technique that has evolved over several thousand years to help sailors cross oceans without having to rely on estimated calculations, or dead reckoning, to know their position...
; theory, annals, bibliography, index.
They are available in English
English language
English is a West Germanic language that arose in the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England and spread into what was to become south-east Scotland under the influence of the Anglian medieval kingdom of Northumbria...
from NASA
NASA
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is the agency of the United States government that is responsible for the nation's civilian space program and for aeronautics and aerospace research...
as follows:
- Rynin, N.A. Interplanetary Flight and Communication. Washington, D.C.: NASA and NSF, 1970-71. (NASA TT F-640, TT F-642 through TT F-648) (Holdings: Vol. 1, Nos. 1 and 3; Vol. II, Nos. 4 and 6, Vol. III, Nos. 7, 8 and 9).