Nikola Kont Orahovički (Iločki)
Encyclopedia
| Nikola Kont Orahovički (Iločki) | |
| Croato-Hungarian nobleman
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| Title | Župan Zupan Żupan was a long garment, always lined, worn by almost all males of the noble social class in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, typical male attire from the beginning of the 16th to half of the 18th century, still surviving as a part of the Polishnational dress.- Derivation :The name żupan has... , King's chief retainer Stolnik Stolnik was a court office in Poland and Muscovy, responsible for serving the royal table.- Stolnik in Crown of Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania : In Crown of Poland under the first Piast dukes and kings, this was a court office.... , Voivode (duke), Palatine |
| Country | Croato-Hungarian Kingdom Croatia in personal union with Hungary Kingdom of Croatia after the succession crisis become a part of Kingdom of Hungary and — depending on sources — either was incorporated into Hungary or Croatia existed in a personal union with Hungary.... |
| Noble family | Orahovički Orahovica Orahovica is a town in Slavonia, Croatia. It is situated on the slopes of the mountain Papuk and positioned on the state road D2 Varaždin-Koprivnica-Našice-Osijek.-Economy:... (ancestral house of the Iločki family House of Iločki The House of Iločki , in old sources de Illoch, de Wylak, de Voilack etc., Hungarian: Újlaki) was a Croatian noble family, descended in the male line from Gug , a member of the lower nobility in the region of Lower Slavonia during the 13th century.The Iločki, meaning "those of Ilok", rose to be a... ) |
| Birth | beginning of the 14thcentury |
| Death | before April 16th, 1367 |
| Father | Lovro (Laurence), called Slaven (English: The Slav, Latin Latin Latin is an Italic language originally spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. It, along with most European languages, is a descendant of the ancient Proto-Indo-European language. Although it is considered a dead language, a number of scholars and members of the Christian clergy speak it fluently, and... : Sclavus), Hungarian Hungarian language Hungarian is a Uralic language, part of the Ugric group. With some 14 million speakers, it is one of the most widely spoken non-Indo-European languages in Europe.... : Tót) |
| Mother | unknown |
| Consort | Klara née NEE NEE is a political protest group whose goal was to provide an alternative for voters who are unhappy with all political parties at hand in Belgium, where voting is compulsory.The NEE party was founded in 2005 in Antwerp... Zsámboki |
| Children | Bartol II, Nikola II, Katarina |
Nikola Kont Orahovički
Orahovica
Orahovica is a town in Slavonia, Croatia. It is situated on the slopes of the mountain Papuk and positioned on the state road D2 Varaždin-Koprivnica-Našice-Osijek.-Economy:...
(Nicholas Cont of Orahovica), , (*? - † before April 16, 1367) was a Croato
Croats
Croats are a South Slavic ethnic group mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries. There are around 4 million Croats living inside Croatia and up to 4.5 million throughout the rest of the world. Responding to political, social and economic pressure, many Croats have...
-Hungarian nobleman, very powerful and influential in the royal court of king Louis the Angevin, serving as Count palatine
Count palatine
Count palatine is a high noble title, used to render several comital styles, in some cases also shortened to Palatine, which can have other meanings as well.-Comes palatinus:...
. He was the forefather and founder of the Iločki noble family
House of Iločki
The House of Iločki , in old sources de Illoch, de Wylak, de Voilack etc., Hungarian: Újlaki) was a Croatian noble family, descended in the male line from Gug , a member of the lower nobility in the region of Lower Slavonia during the 13th century.The Iločki, meaning "those of Ilok", rose to be a...
.
Life and career
Nikola was a descendant of a noble family originating from the area of DubicaHrvatska Dubica
Hrvatska Dubica is a village and a municipality in central Croatia in the Sisak-Moslavina county. It is located on the northern bank of the river Una, east of Hrvatska Kostajnica and southwest of Jasenovac and Novska. The municipality of Hrvatska Dubica has a population of 2,341 , 90.13% which are...
district in medieval Lower Slavonia
Slavonia
Slavonia is a geographical and historical region in eastern Croatia...
. Having served in the king Louis' army during military campaigns on the present-day Italian
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
soil, he got the nickname Kont (from Italian
Italian language
Italian is a Romance language spoken mainly in Europe: Italy, Switzerland, San Marino, Vatican City, by minorities in Malta, Monaco, Croatia, Slovenia, France, Libya, Eritrea, and Somalia, and by immigrant communities in the Americas and Australia...
: conte = count). The adjective Orahovički was attributed to his name since his father Lovro /Laurence/ gained the Orahovica
Orahovica
Orahovica is a town in Slavonia, Croatia. It is situated on the slopes of the mountain Papuk and positioned on the state road D2 Varaždin-Koprivnica-Našice-Osijek.-Economy:...
estate, including large Ružica Castle. He was born at the beginning of the 14th century and had two brothers, Bartol /Bartholomew/ and Leukus, who performed important functions at the royal court as well (cup-bearer
Cup-bearer
A cup-bearer was an officer of high rank in royal courts, whose duty it was to serve the drinks at the royal table. On account of the constant fear of plots and intrigues, a person must be regarded as thoroughly trustworthy to hold this position. He must guard against poison in the king's cup, and...
, chief retainer
Stolnik
Stolnik was a court office in Poland and Muscovy, responsible for serving the royal table.- Stolnik in Crown of Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania : In Crown of Poland under the first Piast dukes and kings, this was a court office....
), but did not managed to achieve his glory.
In the middle of the 14th century Nikola became one of the leading magnates of the king and was given the new titles and properties. In the period between 1343 and 1367 he was the knight
Knight
A knight was a member of a class of lower nobility in the High Middle Ages.By the Late Middle Ages, the rank had become associated with the ideals of chivalry, a code of conduct for the perfect courtly Christian warrior....
of Udvar
Udvar
- External links :*...
, royal cup-bearer
Cup-bearer
A cup-bearer was an officer of high rank in royal courts, whose duty it was to serve the drinks at the royal table. On account of the constant fear of plots and intrigues, a person must be regarded as thoroughly trustworthy to hold this position. He must guard against poison in the king's cup, and...
(1345–1351), Voivode (duke) of Transylvania (1451-1356) and finally Count Palatine (1356–1367). In the meantime he served as Župan (count)
Zupan
Żupan was a long garment, always lined, worn by almost all males of the noble social class in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, typical male attire from the beginning of the 16th to half of the 18th century, still surviving as a part of the Polishnational dress.- Derivation :The name żupan has...
of several counties in Croatia and Hungary (Sopron
Sopron
In 1910 Sopron had 33,932 inhabitants . Religions: 64.1% Roman Catholic, 27.8% Lutheran, 6.6% Jewish, 1.2% Calvinist, 0.3% other. In 2001 the city had 56,125 inhabitants...
, Varaždin
Varaždin
Varaždin is a city in north Croatia, north of Zagreb on the highway A4. The total population is 47,055, with 38,746 on of the city settlement itself . The centre of Varaždin county is located near the Drava river, at...
, Vas
Vas
Vas is the name of an administrative county in present Hungary, and also in the former Kingdom of Hungary. The county is a part of the Centrope Project.-Geography:...
, Szolnok
Szolnok
Szolnok is the county seat of Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok county in central Hungary. Its location on the banks of the Tisza river, at the heart of the Great Hungarian Plain, has made it an important cultural and economic crossroads for centuries....
, Sáros
Saros
Saros, Şaroş or Sáros may refer to:* Saros , an 18-year period, across which lunar and solar eclipses repeat* Saros , an American band* Saros , descendants of free slaves from Sierra Leone who migrated to Nigeria...
etc.).
In his military career he distinguished himself especially in some battles in Italy. In the 1347-1348-war he commanded, together with Ivan Gorjanski (uncle of Nikola I Gorjanski
Nicholas I Garay
Nicholas I Garay , Croatia of Gorjani/Gara, form city Đakovo, the chief governor of Bratislava, was a palatine to the King of Hungary . He was Palatine of Pozsony and he was Count of Pozsony ; Count of Baranya ; and Duke of Mаčva...
), the military unit that conquered L'Aquila
L'Aquila
L'Aquila is a city and comune in central Italy, both the capital city of the Abruzzo region and of the Province of L'Aquila. , it has a population of 73,150 inhabitants, but has a daily presence in the territory of 100,000 people for study, tertiary activities, jobs and tourism...
, and in 1350, during the siege of Aversa
Aversa
Aversa is a town and comune in the Province of Caserta in Campania southern Italy, about 15 kilometres north of Naples. It is the centre of an agricultural district, the agro aversano, producing wine and cheese...
, he became commander-in-chief of king's forces, after Stjepan Lacković
Lackovic
The Laczkovich family is a noble family from Hungary and Croatia, which ruled Transylvania in the 14th century. The Laczkovich were the wealthiest family in 14th century Hungary, owning much of what is today Northern Croatia, Eastern Slovenia, and Western Hungary...
had been removed. He commanded the Louis' army during the campaign against medieval Banate of Bosnia (ruled by future king Tvrtko Kotromanić) in 1363, and against Bulgaria
Second Bulgarian Empire
The Second Bulgarian Empire was a medieval Bulgarian state which existed between 1185 and 1396 . A successor of the First Bulgarian Empire, it reached the peak of its power under Kaloyan and Ivan Asen II before gradually being conquered by the Ottomans in the late 14th-early 15th century...
in 1365. Although formally Kotromanić was Louis' vassal, the latter undertook military action because of Bosnian heretics
Bosnian Church
The Bosnian Church is historically thought to be an indigenous branch of the Bogomils that existed in Bosnia during the Middle Ages. Adherents of the church called themselves simply Krstjani...
. The campaign was unsuccessful.
When the Ilok
Ilok
Ilok is the easternmost town and municipality in Croatia. Located in the Syrmia region, it lies on a hill overlooking the Danube river, which forms the border with the Vojvodina region of Serbia. The population of the town of Ilok is 5,036, while the total municipality population is 6,750...
branch of the Hungarian noble family Csák
Csák (family)
Csák was the name of a gens in the Kingdom of Hungary. The Gesta Hunnorum et Hungarorum records that the ancestor of the family was Szabolcs, son of chieftain Előd, the leader of one of the seven Magyar tribes. The family was probably connected to the Árpád dynasty...
died out in 1364, the king gave the Ilok fief to Nikola and his nephew Ladislav /Ladislaus/, the son of Leukus. So the Orahovički family transferred its seat in 1365 to Ilok and soon after that Nikola's descendants started to call themselves Iločki.
When Nikola died in 1367, he was succeeded by his two sons, Nikola II (†1397) and Bartol II (†1393), who however did not reach the power and glory of their father.
Castles
| [File:Ružica5.JPG|150px|center]] Ružica Castle at |
[File:Várpalota1.jpg|150px|center]] Palota (Várpalota) |
[File:Galgóc légifotó.jpg|150px|center]] Galgóc (present-day Hlohovec) |
[File:Ilok.JPG|150px|center]] Fortified town Ilok |
See also
- OrahovicaOrahovicaOrahovica is a town in Slavonia, Croatia. It is situated on the slopes of the mountain Papuk and positioned on the state road D2 Varaždin-Koprivnica-Našice-Osijek.-Economy:...
- IlokIlokIlok is the easternmost town and municipality in Croatia. Located in the Syrmia region, it lies on a hill overlooking the Danube river, which forms the border with the Vojvodina region of Serbia. The population of the town of Ilok is 5,036, while the total municipality population is 6,750...
- House of IločkiHouse of IločkiThe House of Iločki , in old sources de Illoch, de Wylak, de Voilack etc., Hungarian: Újlaki) was a Croatian noble family, descended in the male line from Gug , a member of the lower nobility in the region of Lower Slavonia during the 13th century.The Iločki, meaning "those of Ilok", rose to be a...
- Nikola Iločki
- Louis the Angevin