National Tsing Hua University
Encyclopedia
National Tsing Hua University is one of the most prestigious universities in Taiwan
. The university has a strong reputation in the studies of science and engineering. Times Higher Education - World University Rankings is107in the world. Engineering and Science are the best in Taiwan. There are now 7 colleges, 17 departments and 22 independent graduate institutes in the university. Many Taiwanese business and academic elites received their education in NTHU. The university also produced 12 academicians of the Academia Sinica
and one Nobel prize
laureate, Lee Yuan-tseh (Nobel Prize in Chemistry
, 1986), the first Taiwanese to receive the prize. The campus is conveniently located, neighboring several national research institutes and Hsinchu Science Park
, the silicon valley
of Taiwan. The close location strengthens the collaboration between the academia and the electronics industry.
, some academics and staff from the mainland's Tsinghua University
created the National Tsing Hua Institute of Nuclear Technology in 1955 in Hsinchu
, Taiwan
, which later became National Tsing Hua University.
The two Tsinghua Universities are not affiliated with each other, but both claim to be successors of the original Tsinghua University. As a result of this dispute, both universities claimed to be the rightful recipient of the funds from the Boxer Rebellion
indemnity that was used to start Tsinghua University. This indemnity was transferred to the university in Taiwan after the Nationalist government (KMT) retreated to Taiwan.
indemnity money paid to the United States
was excessive, in 1909, President Roosevelt then obtained congress approval to reduce the Qing Dynasty
indemnity payment by $10.8 million USD, on the condition that the said fund was to be used as scholarship for Chinese students to study in the United States. Using this fund, the Tsinghua College (清華學堂 Qīnghuá Xuétáng) was established in Beijing
, China
, on 22 April 1911 on the site of a former royal garden belonging to a prince. It was first a preparatory school for students later sent by the government to study in the United States
. The faculty members for sciences were recruited by the YMCA
from the United States
and its graduates transferred directly to American schools as juniors upon graduation. In 1925, the school established its College Department and started its research institute on Chinese Study.
In 1928, the authority officially changed its name to National Tsing Hua University (NTHU). During the Second World War
in 1937, Tsinghua University along with Peking University
and Nankai University
, merged to form Changsha Temporary University in Changsha, and later National Southwestern Associated University
in Kunming
of Yunnan province. After the war, Tsinghua moved back to Beijing and resumed its operation.
During the Sino-Japanese War, the library lost 200,000 of a total of 350,000 volumes.
In 1956, National Tsing Hua University (NTHU) was reinstalled on its current campus in Hsinchu
, Taiwan
.Since its reinstallation, NTHU has developed from an institute focusing on Nuclear Science and Technology
to that of a comprehensive research university offering degrees programs ranging from baccalaureate
to doctorate
in science
, technology
, engineering
, humanities
and social sciences
, as well as management
. NTHU has been consistently ranked as one of the premier
universities in Taiwan
and is widely recognized as the best incubator for future leaders in industries as well as academics. Such stellar records are particularly exemplified by the outstanding achievements of alumni, including two Nobel
laureates in physics
Dr. Chen-Ning Yang and Tsung-Dao Lee
, one Nobel
laureate in chemistry
Dr. Yuan-Tseh Lee and one Wolf Prize winner in mathematics
Dr. Shiing-Shen Chern
.
In recent decades, the National Tsing Hua University in Taiwan has had increasingly close ties with the Tsinghua University on the mainland, and of all universities on Taiwan, the NTHU has arguably one of the strongest cooperations with universities in mainland China in terms of academic research, projects, and with the creation of programs such as the "Center for Contemporary China."
Taiwan
Taiwan , also known, especially in the past, as Formosa , is the largest island of the same-named island group of East Asia in the western Pacific Ocean and located off the southeastern coast of mainland China. The island forms over 99% of the current territory of the Republic of China following...
. The university has a strong reputation in the studies of science and engineering. Times Higher Education - World University Rankings is107in the world. Engineering and Science are the best in Taiwan. There are now 7 colleges, 17 departments and 22 independent graduate institutes in the university. Many Taiwanese business and academic elites received their education in NTHU. The university also produced 12 academicians of the Academia Sinica
Academia Sinica
The Academia Sinica , headquartered in the Nangang District of Taipei, is the national academy of Taiwan. It supports research activities in a wide variety of disciplines, ranging from mathematical and physical sciences, to life sciences, and to humanities and social sciences.Academia Sinica has...
and one Nobel prize
Nobel Prize
The Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
laureate, Lee Yuan-tseh (Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Nobel Prize in Chemistry
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry is awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences to scientists in the various fields of chemistry. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895, awarded for outstanding contributions in chemistry, physics, literature,...
, 1986), the first Taiwanese to receive the prize. The campus is conveniently located, neighboring several national research institutes and Hsinchu Science Park
Hsinchu Science Park
Hsinchu Science and Industrial Park is an industrial park established by the government of the Republic of China on December 15, 1980 with investment from the Kuomintang. It straddles Hsinchu City and Hsinchu County on the island of Taiwan....
, the silicon valley
Silicon Valley
Silicon Valley is a term which refers to the southern part of the San Francisco Bay Area in Northern California in the United States. The region is home to many of the world's largest technology corporations...
of Taiwan. The close location strengthens the collaboration between the academia and the electronics industry.
Overview
After the Chinese Civil WarChinese Civil War
The Chinese Civil War was a civil war fought between the Kuomintang , the governing party of the Republic of China, and the Communist Party of China , for the control of China which eventually led to China's division into two Chinas, Republic of China and People's Republic of...
, some academics and staff from the mainland's Tsinghua University
Tsinghua University
Tsinghua University , colloquially known in Chinese as Qinghua, is a university in Beijing, China. The school is one of the nine universities of the C9 League. It was established in 1911 under the name "Tsinghua Xuetang" or "Tsinghua College" and was renamed the "Tsinghua School" one year later...
created the National Tsing Hua Institute of Nuclear Technology in 1955 in Hsinchu
Hsinchu
Hsinchu City is a city in northern Taiwan. Hsinchu is popularly nicknamed "The Windy City" for its windy climate.Hsinchu City is administered as a special municipality within Taiwan . The city is bordered by Hsinchu County to the north and east, Miaoli County to the south, and the Taiwan Strait...
, Taiwan
Taiwan
Taiwan , also known, especially in the past, as Formosa , is the largest island of the same-named island group of East Asia in the western Pacific Ocean and located off the southeastern coast of mainland China. The island forms over 99% of the current territory of the Republic of China following...
, which later became National Tsing Hua University.
The two Tsinghua Universities are not affiliated with each other, but both claim to be successors of the original Tsinghua University. As a result of this dispute, both universities claimed to be the rightful recipient of the funds from the Boxer Rebellion
Boxer Rebellion
The Boxer Rebellion, also called the Boxer Uprising by some historians or the Righteous Harmony Society Movement in northern China, was a proto-nationalist movement by the "Righteous Harmony Society" , or "Righteous Fists of Harmony" or "Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists" , in China between...
indemnity that was used to start Tsinghua University. This indemnity was transferred to the university in Taiwan after the Nationalist government (KMT) retreated to Taiwan.
History
Since American Secretary of State John Hay suggested that the US$ 30 million plus Boxer RebellionBoxer Rebellion
The Boxer Rebellion, also called the Boxer Uprising by some historians or the Righteous Harmony Society Movement in northern China, was a proto-nationalist movement by the "Righteous Harmony Society" , or "Righteous Fists of Harmony" or "Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists" , in China between...
indemnity money paid to the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
was excessive, in 1909, President Roosevelt then obtained congress approval to reduce the Qing Dynasty
Qing Dynasty
The Qing Dynasty was the last dynasty of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912 with a brief, abortive restoration in 1917. It was preceded by the Ming Dynasty and followed by the Republic of China....
indemnity payment by $10.8 million USD, on the condition that the said fund was to be used as scholarship for Chinese students to study in the United States. Using this fund, the Tsinghua College (清華學堂 Qīnghuá Xuétáng) was established in Beijing
Beijing
Beijing , also known as Peking , is the capital of the People's Republic of China and one of the most populous cities in the world, with a population of 19,612,368 as of 2010. The city is the country's political, cultural, and educational center, and home to the headquarters for most of China's...
, China
China
Chinese civilization may refer to:* China for more general discussion of the country.* Chinese culture* Greater China, the transnational community of ethnic Chinese.* History of China* Sinosphere, the area historically affected by Chinese culture...
, on 22 April 1911 on the site of a former royal garden belonging to a prince. It was first a preparatory school for students later sent by the government to study in the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
. The faculty members for sciences were recruited by the YMCA
YMCA
The Young Men's Christian Association is a worldwide organization of more than 45 million members from 125 national federations affiliated through the World Alliance of YMCAs...
from the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
and its graduates transferred directly to American schools as juniors upon graduation. In 1925, the school established its College Department and started its research institute on Chinese Study.
In 1928, the authority officially changed its name to National Tsing Hua University (NTHU). During the Second World War
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
in 1937, Tsinghua University along with Peking University
Peking University
Peking University , colloquially known in Chinese as Beida , is a major research university located in Beijing, China, and a member of the C9 League. It is the first established modern national university of China. It was founded as Imperial University of Peking in 1898 as a replacement of the...
and Nankai University
Nankai University
Nankai University , commonly known as Nankai, is a public research university based in Tianjin on mainland China. Founded in 1919 by educators Zhang Boling and Yan Fansun , Nankai University is a member of the Nankai serial schools. It is the alma mater of former Chinese Premier and key historical...
, merged to form Changsha Temporary University in Changsha, and later National Southwestern Associated University
National Southwestern Associated University
When the Second Sino-Japanese War broke out between China and Japan in 1937, Peking University, Tsinghua University and Nankai University, merged to form Changsha Temporary University in Changsha, and later National Southwestern Associated University in Kunming...
in Kunming
Kunming
' is the capital and largest city of Yunnan Province in Southwest China. It was known as Yunnan-Fou until the 1920s. A prefecture-level city, it is the political, economic, communications and cultural centre of Yunnan, and is the seat of the provincial government...
of Yunnan province. After the war, Tsinghua moved back to Beijing and resumed its operation.
During the Sino-Japanese War, the library lost 200,000 of a total of 350,000 volumes.
In 1956, National Tsing Hua University (NTHU) was reinstalled on its current campus in Hsinchu
Hsinchu
Hsinchu City is a city in northern Taiwan. Hsinchu is popularly nicknamed "The Windy City" for its windy climate.Hsinchu City is administered as a special municipality within Taiwan . The city is bordered by Hsinchu County to the north and east, Miaoli County to the south, and the Taiwan Strait...
, Taiwan
Taiwan
Taiwan , also known, especially in the past, as Formosa , is the largest island of the same-named island group of East Asia in the western Pacific Ocean and located off the southeastern coast of mainland China. The island forms over 99% of the current territory of the Republic of China following...
.Since its reinstallation, NTHU has developed from an institute focusing on Nuclear Science and Technology
Technology
Technology is the making, usage, and knowledge of tools, machines, techniques, crafts, systems or methods of organization in order to solve a problem or perform a specific function. It can also refer to the collection of such tools, machinery, and procedures. The word technology comes ;...
to that of a comprehensive research university offering degrees programs ranging from baccalaureate
Bachelor's degree
A bachelor's degree is usually an academic degree awarded for an undergraduate course or major that generally lasts for three or four years, but can range anywhere from two to six years depending on the region of the world...
to doctorate
Doctorate
A doctorate is an academic degree or professional degree that in most countries refers to a class of degrees which qualify the holder to teach in a specific field, A doctorate is an academic degree or professional degree that in most countries refers to a class of degrees which qualify the holder...
in science
Science
Science is a systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe...
, technology
Technology
Technology is the making, usage, and knowledge of tools, machines, techniques, crafts, systems or methods of organization in order to solve a problem or perform a specific function. It can also refer to the collection of such tools, machinery, and procedures. The word technology comes ;...
, engineering
Engineering
Engineering is the discipline, art, skill and profession of acquiring and applying scientific, mathematical, economic, social, and practical knowledge, in order to design and build structures, machines, devices, systems, materials and processes that safely realize improvements to the lives of...
, humanities
Humanities
The humanities are academic disciplines that study the human condition, using methods that are primarily analytical, critical, or speculative, as distinguished from the mainly empirical approaches of the natural sciences....
and social sciences
Social sciences
Social science is the field of study concerned with society. "Social science" is commonly used as an umbrella term to refer to a plurality of fields outside of the natural sciences usually exclusive of the administrative or managerial sciences...
, as well as management
Management
Management in all business and organizational activities is the act of getting people together to accomplish desired goals and objectives using available resources efficiently and effectively...
. NTHU has been consistently ranked as one of the premier
Premier
Premier is a title for the head of government in some countries and states.-Examples by country:In many nations, "premier" is used interchangeably with "prime minister"...
universities in Taiwan
Taiwan
Taiwan , also known, especially in the past, as Formosa , is the largest island of the same-named island group of East Asia in the western Pacific Ocean and located off the southeastern coast of mainland China. The island forms over 99% of the current territory of the Republic of China following...
and is widely recognized as the best incubator for future leaders in industries as well as academics. Such stellar records are particularly exemplified by the outstanding achievements of alumni, including two Nobel
Nobel Prize
The Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
laureates in physics
Physics
Physics is a natural science that involves the study of matter and its motion through spacetime, along with related concepts such as energy and force. More broadly, it is the general analysis of nature, conducted in order to understand how the universe behaves.Physics is one of the oldest academic...
Dr. Chen-Ning Yang and Tsung-Dao Lee
Tsung-Dao Lee
Tsung-Dao Lee is a Chinese born-American physicist, well known for his work on parity violation, the Lee Model, particle physics, relativistic heavy ion physics, nontopological solitons and soliton stars....
, one Nobel
Nobel Prize
The Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
laureate in chemistry
Chemistry
Chemistry is the science of matter, especially its chemical reactions, but also its composition, structure and properties. Chemistry is concerned with atoms and their interactions with other atoms, and particularly with the properties of chemical bonds....
Dr. Yuan-Tseh Lee and one Wolf Prize winner in mathematics
Mathematics
Mathematics is the study of quantity, space, structure, and change. Mathematicians seek out patterns and formulate new conjectures. Mathematicians resolve the truth or falsity of conjectures by mathematical proofs, which are arguments sufficient to convince other mathematicians of their validity...
Dr. Shiing-Shen Chern
Shiing-Shen Chern
Shiing-Shen Chern was a Chinese American mathematician, one of the leaders in differential geometry of the twentieth century.-Early years in China:...
.
In recent decades, the National Tsing Hua University in Taiwan has had increasingly close ties with the Tsinghua University on the mainland, and of all universities on Taiwan, the NTHU has arguably one of the strongest cooperations with universities in mainland China in terms of academic research, projects, and with the creation of programs such as the "Center for Contemporary China."