National Academy of Science of Ukraine
Encyclopedia
The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine is the highest government research body in Ukraine
and one of the six state academies. Its presidium is located at 57 Volodymyr Street, across the street from the Building of Pedagogical Museum
where used to preside the Central Rada during the independence period of 1917-18.
s, and corresponding members. There is also an additional membership category for foreign members. It operates many research institutions, primarily in the fundamental science
s but also in the humanities
. The Academy has "state-agency" status, but is self-governing in decisions relating to its own activities. The NASU is responsible for over 90% of all discoveries made in Ukraine, including the transmutation of lithium into helium, the production of heavy water, and the development of a 3-D radar that operates in the decimeter range.
. The idea to create such an institution came from the Ukrainian Scientific Association in April of 1917. However it was only created during the time of the Ukrainian State, when a proposal by Mykola Vasylenko formed a special committee that from July 9 - September 17, 1918 created a legal document for the creation of the Academy. That document was approved by the Hetman
Pavlo Skoropadsky
on November 14, 1918. At this point it was called the Ukrainian Academy of Science (UAS).
Its first president was the geologist, Vladymyr Vernadsky. The first National Academy consisted of research departments in history and philology, physics and mathematics, as well as social studies. The UAS had 3 departments, 15 commissions, and the National Library. Its founding members were D. Bahali, A. Krymsky, M. Petrov, S. Smal-Stotsky, V. Vernadsky, M. Kashchenko, C. Tymoshenko, P. Tutkovsky, Mikhail Tugan-Baranovsky
, F. Taranovsky, V. Kosynsky, and O. Levytsky.
In 1924-5, the Academy held its first election for foreign members. However, none of the candidates were elected. In 1929 two of its members (Serhiy Yefremov
and Mykhailo Slabchenko) and 24 corresponding agents (such as Osip Hermaize, Hryhoriy Holoskevych, Andriy Nikovsky, and others) were arrested in accusation to belonging to the non-existing (as later it was established) Union for the Freedom of Ukraine
. None of the arrested have ever been released.
The NASU has had only eight (8) different presidents:
(D.Sc.) and 7,996 with degree of Kandidat Nauk (Ph.D.). Currently, the sections and departments are:
The most of institutions of the Academy (212) are placed in the city of Kiev
, following by Kharkiv
(39) and Lviv
(27). The Academy is represented at least by one institution in most of the oblasts in Ukraine, except Volyn, Rivne, Ternopil, Khmelnytsky, Vinnytsia, and Kirovohrad.
The NASU has made major contributions to most of the major fields of science.
Today, the General Meetings of the NASU consist of 512 academicians and corresponding members along with 130 foreign members.
Ukraine
Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It has an area of 603,628 km², making it the second largest contiguous country on the European continent, after Russia...
and one of the six state academies. Its presidium is located at 57 Volodymyr Street, across the street from the Building of Pedagogical Museum
Ukrainian Club Building
Building of Pedagogical Museum is a historical building located at 57 Volodymyr Street, in Kyiv, Ukraine and constructed in the times of Russian Empire in 1909-1911 by Pavlo Alyoshyn...
where used to preside the Central Rada during the independence period of 1917-18.
Activities
Like many other academies, it has a two-tier membership: academicianAcademician
The title Academician denotes a Full Member of an art, literary, or scientific academy.In many countries, it is an honorary title. There also exists a lower-rank title, variously translated Corresponding Member or Associate Member, .-Eastern Europe and China:"Academician" may also be a functional...
s, and corresponding members. There is also an additional membership category for foreign members. It operates many research institutions, primarily in the fundamental science
Fundamental science
Fundamental science is science that describes the most basic objects, forces, relations between them and laws governing them, such that all other phenomena may be in principle derived from them following the logic of scientific reductionism. Biology, chemistry and physics are fundamental sciences;...
s but also in the humanities
Humanities
The humanities are academic disciplines that study the human condition, using methods that are primarily analytical, critical, or speculative, as distinguished from the mainly empirical approaches of the natural sciences....
. The Academy has "state-agency" status, but is self-governing in decisions relating to its own activities. The NASU is responsible for over 90% of all discoveries made in Ukraine, including the transmutation of lithium into helium, the production of heavy water, and the development of a 3-D radar that operates in the decimeter range.
Names
Over the course of its history, the NASU has had 5 different names. From 1918 to 1921, it was known as the Ukrainian Academy of Science (UAS). From 1921 until 1936, it was known as the All-Ukrainian Academy of Science. From 1936 to 1991, it was known as the Academy of Science of the Ukrainian SSR. From 1991 to 1993, it was known as the Academy of Science of Ukraine. Since 1994, it has been known by its current name, National Academy of Science of Ukraine.| Names for the Academy | |
|---|---|
| Ukrainian Academy of Sciences | 1918—1921 |
| All-Ukrainian Academy of Sciences | 1921—1936 |
| Academy of Sciences of the UkrSSR | 1936—1991 |
| Academy of Sciences of Ukraine | 1991—1993 |
| National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine | since 1994 |
History
The National Academy of Science of Ukraine was founded on November 27, 1918 during its First General Assembly, making it one of the oldest national academy in the Soviet UnionSoviet Union
The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
. The idea to create such an institution came from the Ukrainian Scientific Association in April of 1917. However it was only created during the time of the Ukrainian State, when a proposal by Mykola Vasylenko formed a special committee that from July 9 - September 17, 1918 created a legal document for the creation of the Academy. That document was approved by the Hetman
Hetman
Hetman was the title of the second-highest military commander in 15th- to 18th-century Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, which together, from 1569 to 1795, comprised the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, or Rzeczpospolita....
Pavlo Skoropadsky
Pavlo Skoropadsky
Pavlo Petrovych Skoropadskyi 3 May 1873, Wiesbaden, Germany – 26 April 1945, Metten monastery clinic, Bavaria, Germany) was a Ukrainian politician, earlier an aristocrat and decorated Imperial Russian Army general...
on November 14, 1918. At this point it was called the Ukrainian Academy of Science (UAS).
Its first president was the geologist, Vladymyr Vernadsky. The first National Academy consisted of research departments in history and philology, physics and mathematics, as well as social studies. The UAS had 3 departments, 15 commissions, and the National Library. Its founding members were D. Bahali, A. Krymsky, M. Petrov, S. Smal-Stotsky, V. Vernadsky, M. Kashchenko, C. Tymoshenko, P. Tutkovsky, Mikhail Tugan-Baranovsky
Mikhail Tugan-Baranovsky
Mikhail Ivanovich Tugan-Baranovsky or Myhaylo Tuhan-Baranovsky was the Ukrainian politician, statesman, and a noted Russian-Ukrainian economist, a tutor of Nikolai Kondratiev...
, F. Taranovsky, V. Kosynsky, and O. Levytsky.
In 1924-5, the Academy held its first election for foreign members. However, none of the candidates were elected. In 1929 two of its members (Serhiy Yefremov
Serhiy Yefremov
Serhiy Yefremov was a Ukrainian literary journalist, historian, critic, political activist, statesman, and academician. He was a member of the Ukrainian Academy of Science and Shevchenko Scientific Society in Lviv...
and Mykhailo Slabchenko) and 24 corresponding agents (such as Osip Hermaize, Hryhoriy Holoskevych, Andriy Nikovsky, and others) were arrested in accusation to belonging to the non-existing (as later it was established) Union for the Freedom of Ukraine
Union for the Freedom of Ukraine process
The process of the Union for Liberation of Ukraine was a court trial that is classified in the history as one of the show trials of the Soviet Union....
. None of the arrested have ever been released.
Notable members
Through its history, various new departments have been founded by prominent scientists. The following list gives some of the scientist who founded new departments.- Mathematics
- D. O. GraveDmitry GraveDmitry Aleksandrovich Grave was a Russian and Soviet mathematician.Naum Akhiezer, Nikolai Chebotaryov, Mikhail Kravchuk, and Boris Delaunay were among hisstudents.-Brief history:...
, M. M. KrylovNikolay Mitrofanovich KrylovNikolay Mitrofanovich Krylov was a Russian and Soviet mathematician known for works on interpolation, non-linear mechanics, and numerical methods for solving equations of mathematical physics.-Biography:...
, and M. M. Bogoliubov
- D. O. Grave
- Mechanics
- O. M. Dynnik and M. O. Lavrentiev
- Physics
- K. D. Sinelnikov, L. V. Shubnikov, V. Ye. Lashkariov, O. I. Akhiezer, O. S. Davidov, A. F. Prikhotko, O. Ya. Usikov, and S. Ya. Braude
- Geology
- P. A. Tutkovsky
- Chemistry
- L. V. Pisarzhevsky, O. I. Brodsky, A. V. Dumansky
- Biology and Medicine
- D. K. Zabolotny, O. O. BohomoletsOleksandr BohomoletsOleksandr Oleksandrovich Bogomoletz or Bogomolets was a famous Ukrainian physiologist. He was president of the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and director of the Institute of Physiology in Kiev...
, V. P. Filatov, M. H. Kholodny, and I. I. Schmalhausen.
- D. K. Zabolotny, O. O. Bohomolets
The NASU has had only eight (8) different presidents:
- V. I. VernadskyVladimir VernadskyVladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky was a Russian/Ukrainian and Soviet mineralogist and geochemist who is considered one of the founders of geochemistry, biogeochemistry, and of radiogeology. His ideas of noosphere were an important contribution to Russian cosmism. He also worked in Ukraine where he...
(1918-1921) - M. P. Vasylenko (1921-1922)
- O. I. Levitsky (1922)
- V. I. LipskyVladimir Ippolitovich LipskyVladimir Ippolitovich Lipsky was a Ukrainian scientist, botanist; a member of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences, and the Director of the Botanical Gardens of the Odessa University.- Birth and education :Vladimir was born on the 11th...
(1922-1928) - D. K. ZabolotnyDanylo ZabolotnyDanylo Kyrylovych Zabolotny was a Ukrainian epidemiologist and the founder of the world's first research department of epidemiology. In 1927, he published one of the first texts in his field, Fundamentals of Epidemiology....
(1928-1929) - O. O. Bohomolets (1930-1946)
- O. V. Palladin (1946-1962)
- B. E. PatonBorys PatonBorys Yevhenovych Paton is the long-term chairman of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. He was born in Kiev...
(1962-present)
Current status
On 2006, the NASU has 3 sections and 14 departments within them, 6 regional science centers, 173 research institutions, with 43,613 employees including 16,813 researchers; among them, 2,493 with degree of Doktor NaukDoktor nauk
Doktor nauk is a higher doctoral degree, the second and the highest post-graduate academic degree in the Soviet Union, Russia and in many post-Soviet states. Sometimes referred to as Dr. Hab. The prerequisite is the first degree, Kandidat nauk which is informally regarded equivalent to Ph.D....
(D.Sc.) and 7,996 with degree of Kandidat Nauk (Ph.D.). Currently, the sections and departments are:
Sections
- Section of Physical-Technical and Mathematical Sciences
- Department of Mathematics
- Department of Computer Science
- Department of Mechanics
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- Department of Earth Sciences
- Department of Physical and Technical Problems of Materials Science
- Department of Physical and Technical Problems of Power Engineering
- Department of Nuclear Physics and Power Engineering
- Section of Chemical and Biological Sciences
- Department of Chemistry
- Department of Biochemistry, Physiology and Molecular Biology
- Department of General Biology
- Section of Social Sciences ad Humanities
- Department of Economics
- Department of History, Philosophy and Law
- Department of Philological Studies, Art Criticism, Ethnology
Regional Centers
Regional science centers (SCs) are:- Donetsk SC (center in DonetskDonetskDonetsk , is a large city in eastern Ukraine on the Kalmius river. Administratively, it is a center of Donetsk Oblast, while historically, it is the unofficial capital and largest city of the economic and cultural Donets Basin region...
) - 9 research institutes; - Western SC (LvivLvivLviv is a city in western Ukraine. The city is regarded as one of the main cultural centres of today's Ukraine and historically has also been a major Polish and Jewish cultural center, as Poles and Jews were the two main ethnicities of the city until the outbreak of World War II and the following...
) - 18 institutes; - Southern SC (OdessaOdessaOdessa or Odesa is the administrative center of the Odessa Oblast located in southern Ukraine. The city is a major seaport located on the northwest shore of the Black Sea and the fourth largest city in Ukraine with a population of 1,029,000 .The predecessor of Odessa, a small Tatar settlement,...
) - 7 institutes; - North-East SC (KharkivKharkivKharkiv or Kharkov is the second-largest city in Ukraine.The city was founded in 1654 and was a major centre of Ukrainian culture in the Russian Empire. Kharkiv became the first city in Ukraine where the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic was proclaimed in December 1917 and Soviet government was...
) led by Volodymyr SemynozhenkoVolodymyr SemynozhenkoVolodymyr Petrovich Semynozhenko is a Ukrainian politician and scientist. Semynozhenko is a former Vice Premier Minister of Ukraine and head of the Association of Ukrainian Scientists, he is now a member of the Board of the National Academy of Sciences, and serves as the Chair of the Parliament...
since 25.11.1992 - 17 institutes; - Dnieper SC (DnipropetrovskDnipropetrovskDnipropetrovsk or Dnepropetrovsk formerly Yekaterinoslav is Ukraine's third largest city with one million inhabitants. It is located southeast of Ukraine's capital Kiev on the Dnieper River, in the south-central region of the country...
) - 7 institutes; - Crimea SC (SimferopolSimferopol-Russian Empire and Civil War:The city was renamed Simferopol in 1784 after the annexation of the Crimean Khanate to the Russian Empire by Catherine II of Russia. The name Simferopol is derived from the Greek, Συμφερόπολις , translated as "the city of usefulness." In 1802, Simferopol became the...
) - 8 institutes.
The most of institutions of the Academy (212) are placed in the city of Kiev
Kiev
Kiev or Kyiv is the capital and the largest city of Ukraine, located in the north central part of the country on the Dnieper River. The population as of the 2001 census was 2,611,300. However, higher numbers have been cited in the press....
, following by Kharkiv
Kharkiv Oblast
Kharkiv Oblast is an oblast in eastern Ukraine. The oblast borders Russia to the north, Luhansk Oblast to the east, Donetsk Oblast to the south-east, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast to the south-west, Poltava Oblast to the west and Sumy Oblast to the north-west...
(39) and Lviv
Lviv Oblast
Lviv Oblast is an oblast in western Ukraine. The administrative center of the oblast is the city of Lviv.-History:The oblast was created as part of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic on December 4, 1939...
(27). The Academy is represented at least by one institution in most of the oblasts in Ukraine, except Volyn, Rivne, Ternopil, Khmelnytsky, Vinnytsia, and Kirovohrad.
Libraries of Academy
There are 2 national libraries affiliated with the NASU:- The V. I. Vernadsky National Library of UkraineVernadsky National Library of UkraineThe Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine is the main academic library and main scientific information centre in Ukraine, one of the world's largest national libraries. It is located in the capital of the country – Kiev. The library contains about 15 million items...
with 10 million books, manuscripts - The V. StefanykVasyl StefanykVasyl' Semenovych Stefanyk was a classical Ukrainian prose writer and political activist. He was a member of the Austrian parliament 1908-1918....
National Library in LvivLvivLviv is a city in western Ukraine. The city is regarded as one of the main cultural centres of today's Ukraine and historically has also been a major Polish and Jewish cultural center, as Poles and Jews were the two main ethnicities of the city until the outbreak of World War II and the following...
.
Publishers
The NASU has two publishing houses:- «Наукова думка» (roughly "Scientific Thought" or "Naukova dumka") and
- «Академперіодика» (roughly "Academic Periodical" or "Akademperiodyka")
The NASU has made major contributions to most of the major fields of science.
Today, the General Meetings of the NASU consist of 512 academicians and corresponding members along with 130 foreign members.
Awards
Since 2004 the Academy awards its Vernadsky Golden Medal to the most distinguished academicians.- 2004 Borys PatonBorys PatonBorys Yevhenovych Paton is the long-term chairman of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. He was born in Kiev...
- 2005 P. Kostiuk
- 2006 V. Skopenko
- 2007 Y. Mytropolsky
See also
- National Academy of Arts of Ukraine
- National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine
- National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine
- National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine
- National Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of UkraineNational Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of UkraineThe Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of Ukraine as a high state scientific establishment was founded in 1992 by the special decrees of the President of Ukraine and the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine....
- Academy of Mining Sciences of Ukraine
- Academy of Economic Sciences of Ukraine
- Academy of Higher Education of Ukraine