Modern Buildings on Zhongshan Square in Dalian
Encyclopedia
The modern buildings on Zhongshan Square in Dalian refer to the buildings that are on Zhongshan Square
Zhongshan Square (Dalian)
Zhongshan Square in Dalian, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China, is the best known of the many squares in Dalian. Originally designed by Russians in the 19th century, it is especially noted for the several classical buildings located on the square built during the first half of the 20th...

, Dalian
Dalian
Dalian is a major city and seaport in the south of Liaoning province, Northeast China. It faces Shandong to the south, the Yellow Sea to the east and the Bohai Sea to the west and south. Holding sub-provincial administrative status, Dalian is the southernmost city of Northeast China and China's...

, China
China
Chinese civilization may refer to:* China for more general discussion of the country.* Chinese culture* Greater China, the transnational community of ethnic Chinese.* History of China* Sinosphere, the area historically affected by Chinese culture...

, built mostly in the first half of the twentieth century, during the time when Dalian was Japan's leased territory.

These buildings were declared the "Cultural Heritage Sites under Protection by the Chinese State Government" in 2001 and the "Heritage Buildings under Protection by the Dalian Municipal Government" in 2002. The scene of this area with the modern buildings of the first half of the 20th century in China is comparable, in a smaller scale, to that of The Shanghai Bund.

Zhongshan Square

Zhongshan Square in Dalian was originally built by the Russians as Nikolayevskaya Square (in , meaning Nikolai
Nicholas II of Russia
Nicholas II was the last Emperor of Russia, Grand Prince of Finland, and titular King of Poland. His official short title was Nicholas II, Emperor and Autocrat of All the Russias and he is known as Saint Nicholas the Passion-Bearer by the Russian Orthodox Church.Nicholas II ruled from 1894 until...

's plaza
Plaza
Plaza is a Spanish word related to "field" which describes an open urban public space, such as a city square. All through Spanish America, the plaza mayor of each center of administration held three closely related institutions: the cathedral, the cabildo or administrative center, which might be...

) in 1898. It was later renamed by the Japanese as Ōhiroba (in ), meaning the large plaza. After 1945, it was further renamed as Zhongshan Square, after Sun Zhongshan
Sun Wen
Sun Wen may refer to:*Sun Yat-sen, Chinese revolutionary and political leader*Sun Wen , Chinese footballer...

, the first president of the Republic of China
Republic of China
The Republic of China , commonly known as Taiwan , is a unitary sovereign state located in East Asia. Originally based in mainland China, the Republic of China currently governs the island of Taiwan , which forms over 99% of its current territory, as well as Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu and other minor...

.

The square is round and is 213 meters in diameter. There are ten roads that come radially out of the square, anticlockwise:
  • Zhongshan Road - west
  • Yuguang Street
  • Yan'an Road - south
  • Jiefang Street
  • Luxun Road
  • Renmin Road - east
  • Qiyi Street
  • Minsheng Street
  • Shanghai Road - north
  • Minkang Street

The Buildings

On Zhongshan Square, there are presently ten buildings. They are from the building with the address of No. 1 Zhongshan Square, on the north side, with the names of the current occupants, anticlockwise:

Industrial and Commercial Bank of China #1

The Renaissance architecture
Renaissance architecture
Renaissance architecture is the architecture of the period between the early 15th and early 17th centuries in different regions of Europe, demonstrating a conscious revival and development of certain elements of ancient Greek and Roman thought and material culture. Stylistically, Renaissance...

 building with Corinthian columns in front at No. 1 Zhongshan Square, between Minkang Street and Zhongshan Road, is now Industrial and Commercial Bank of China
Industrial and Commercial Bank of China
Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Ltd. is the largest bank in the world by profit and market capitalization. It is one China's 'Big Four' state-owned commercial banks .It was founded as a limited company on January 1, 1984...

's Zhongshan Square Branch .

It was built in December, 1920, as Dalian Branch of Bank of Korea (in ). Architect: Yoshihei Nakamura (in ), residing in Korea at that time, designing the headquarters building of this bank.



Citibank

The building at No. 2 Zhongshan Square, between Zhongshan Road and Yuguang Street, is now used as Citibank
Citibank
Citibank, a major international bank, is the consumer banking arm of financial services giant Citigroup. Citibank was founded in 1812 as the City Bank of New York, later First National City Bank of New York...

's Dalian Branch and other offices.

It was built in 1908 as Dalian Police Station (in ) which took care of both police and resident registration. It is the oldest building on this suare and was designed by the team headed by Shoin Maeda (in ) of the Kwantung
Kwantung Leased Territory
The Kwantung Leased Territory was a territory in the southern part of the Liaodong Peninsula in Inner Manchuria that existed from 1898 to 1945. It was one of the numerous territorial concessions that the Empire of China was compelled to award to foreign countries at the end of the 19th century...

 government, who later was invited to become professor at Tokyo High School of Technology, the predecessor of Tokyo Institute of Technology
Tokyo Institute of Technology
The Tokyo Institute of Technology is a public research university located in Greater Tokyo Area, Japan. Tokyo Tech is the largest institution for higher education in Japan dedicated to science and technology. Tokyo Tech enrolled 4,850 undergaraduates and 5006 graduate students for 2009-2010...

.



Dalian Financial Building

The new Postmodern architecture
Postmodern architecture
Postmodern architecture began as an international style the first examples of which are generally cited as being from the 1950s, but did not become a movement until the late 1970s and continues to influence present-day architecture...

 building at No. 3 Zhongshan Square, between Yuguang Street and Yan'an Road, is Dalian Financial Building (in ), built in 2000. Since 2001, it has been occupied by Shanghai Pudong Development Bank
Shanghai Pudong Development Bank
Shanghai Pudong Development Bank Co. Ltd , incorporated on January 9, 1993 with the approval of the People's Bank of China , is a joint-stock commercial bank with its headquarters located in Shanghai....

's Dalian Branch on the right side (on Yuguang Street) and Guangdong Development Bank
Guangdong Development Bank
China Guangfa Bank , previously Guangdong Development Bank , is a bank based in Guangzhou, Guangdong in People's Republic of China. The bank was established in September 1988 as a joint stock commercial bank....

's Dalian Branch on the left side (on Yan'an Road).

At this site stood the British
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...

 Consulate General's building, completed in 1914 (Architect: H. Ashead). It was aboshished in 1995.

Note 1

Adjacent to the Consulate General's office on the Yuguang Street side (No. 2 Yuguang Street) stood Dalian Anglican church, whose second generation red brick building, built in 1928 in a joint effort of the Church of England
Church of England
The Church of England is the officially established Christian church in England and the Mother Church of the worldwide Anglican Communion. The church considers itself within the tradition of Western Christianity and dates its formal establishment principally to the mission to England by St...

 and Japanese Anglican Church
Nippon Sei Ko Kai
The Nippon Sei Ko Kai , abbreviated as NSKK, or the Anglican Church in Japan, is the religious body in the Province of Japan of the Anglican Communion....

, still remains there, used as Yuguang Street Church
Yuguang Street Church
Yuguang Street Church is a Protestant church in Dalian, China It is the former Dalian Anglican Church and its church building is now a Historical Protected Building of Dalian City.-Brief history:...

.



Dalian Hotel

The 4-storey Renaissance architecture
Renaissance architecture
Renaissance architecture is the architecture of the period between the early 15th and early 17th centuries in different regions of Europe, demonstrating a conscious revival and development of certain elements of ancient Greek and Roman thought and material culture. Stylistically, Renaissance...

 building with Ionic columns in front at No. 4 Zhongshan Square, between Yan'an Road and Jiefang Street, is now the Dalian Hotel.

It was built in 1914 as the Dalian Yamato Hotel
Yamato Hotel
The Yamato Hotels were a chain of hotels in Manchuria owned and operated by South Manchuria Railway during the 1910s to 1940s. Some of these hotels still exist in Northeast China, used as art nouveau hotels under different names...

 (in or ), owned by South Manchuria Railway
South Manchuria Railway
The , and operated within China in the Japanese-controlled South Manchuria Railway Zone. The railway itself ran from Lüshun Port at the southern tip of the Liaodong Peninsula to Harbin, where it connected to the Chinese Eastern Railway.-History:...

.



Industrial and Commercial Bank of China #2

The building at No. 5 Zhongshan Square, between Jiefang Street and Luxun Road, is now Industrial and Commercial Bank of China
Industrial and Commercial Bank of China
Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Ltd. is the largest bank in the world by profit and market capitalization. It is one China's 'Big Four' state-owned commercial banks .It was founded as a limited company on January 1, 1984...

's Dalian Branch (in ).

It was built in 1919 as Dalian City Hall (in ) and was designed by the team headed by Shigemitsu Matsumuro (in ) of the Kwantung
Kwantung Leased Territory
The Kwantung Leased Territory was a territory in the southern part of the Liaodong Peninsula in Inner Manchuria that existed from 1898 to 1945. It was one of the numerous territorial concessions that the Empire of China was compelled to award to foreign countries at the end of the 19th century...

 government.



Bank of Communications

The Art Deco
Art Deco
Art deco , or deco, is an eclectic artistic and design style that began in Paris in the 1920s and flourished internationally throughout the 1930s, into the World War II era. The style influenced all areas of design, including architecture and interior design, industrial design, fashion and...

 building at No. 6 Zhongshan Square, between Luxun and Renmin Roads, is now Bank of Communications
Bank of Communications
Bank of Communications Limited , founded in 1908, is one of the largest banks in China.-Before 1949:The Bank of Communications was founded in 1908 and emerged as one of the first few major national and note-issuing banks in the early days of the Republic of China...

' Dalian Branch.

It was built in 1936, under the design of Shuichi Munetaka, as Dalian Branch of Oriental Development Company
Oriental Development Company
Oriental Development Company , established by the Empire of Japan in 1908 is a national enterprise which was built as one of colonial exploitation policies towards the Korean Empire and other countries in East Asia...

 (in ), Japan's state-owned enterprise, that had branches in Korea
Korea under Japanese rule
Korea was under Japanese rule as part of Japan's 35-year imperialist expansion . Japanese rule ended in 1945 shortly after the Japanese defeat in World War II....

 and China.



China CITIC Bank

The French-style Renaissance architecture
Renaissance architecture
Renaissance architecture is the architecture of the period between the early 15th and early 17th centuries in different regions of Europe, demonstrating a conscious revival and development of certain elements of ancient Greek and Roman thought and material culture. Stylistically, Renaissance...

 building at No. 7 Zhongshan Square, between Renmin Road and Qiyi Street, is now China CITIC Bank
China CITIC Bank
China CITIC Bank is China’s seventh-largest lender in terms of total assets. It is formerly known as CITIC Industrial Bank. China CITIC Bank, established in February 1987, is a nationally comprehensive and internationally oriented commercial bank...

 .

It was built in 1910 as Dalian Branch of Daqing Bank (in ).

Note 2

Adjacent to this building on the Renmin Road side (No. 6 Renmin Road) is Zhongshan Square Branch of Bank of Dalian (in ). It was formerly the Dalian Branch of Bank of Taiwan
Bank of Taiwan
The Bank of Taiwan is a bank headquartered in Taipei, Republic of China . It is administered and owned by the Executive Yuan of the Republic of China.-History:...

 (in ), built in 1910.



Dalian People's Culture Club

The building at No. 8 Zhongshan Square, between Qiyi and Minsheng Streets, is Dalian People's Culture Club
Dalian People's Culture Club
Dalian People's Culture Club is a concert hall located on Zhongshan Square in Dalian, Liaoning Province, China. Built in the European style in 1951 while the Russian troops were still stationed in Lushun and Dalian, it is one of the premium concert halls in Dalian.-History:Dalian People's Culture...

 (in ), built in 1951 by the Soviet architecture team led by a Belorussian
Belarusians
Belarusians ; are an East Slavic ethnic group who populate the majority of the Republic of Belarus. Introduced to the world as a new state in the early 1990s, the Republic of Belarus brought with it the notion of a re-emerging Belarusian ethnicity, drawn upon the lines of the Old Belarusian...

 engineer. It has been the center of music and other cultural activities for the Dalianites.



Bank of China

The colorful building at No. 9 Zhongshan Square, between Minsheng Street and Shanghai Road, is now Bank of China
Bank of China
Bank of China Limited is one of the big four state-owned commercial banks of the People's Republic of China. It was founded in 1912 by the Government of the Republic of China, to replace the Government Bank of Imperial China. It is the oldest bank in China...

's Dalian Branch, together with the new main building on the back side, added in 2005, where the bank transactions are done mostly.

It was built in 1909 as Dalian Branch of Yokohama Specie Bank
Yokohama Specie Bank
is a Japanese bank founded in Yokohama, Japan in the year 1880. It later became The Bank of Tokyo, Ltd. in 1947. The bank played a significant role in Japanese trade with China...

 (in ), designed by Yorinaka Tsumaki (in ) and his disciple, Satoshi Ōta . It was used as the Soviet Union's Far East Bank from 1945 to 1955. The building's interior was massively changed in the 2005 renovation.



Dalian Post Office

The building at No. 10 Zhongshan Square, between Shanghai Road and Minkang Street, is now used as part of Dalian Post Office
China Post
China Post , which is the name used by the State Post Bureau of PRC in business, is the official postal service of the People's Republic of China. China Post is operated by the State Post Bureau of the People's Republic of China. The State Post Bureau, commonly referred to as China Post, is both a...

, whose main office is on Chanjiang Road in front of Dalian Railway Station.

It was built in December, 1917, as Kwantung Bureau of Communications (in ) and was designed by the team headed by Shigemitsu Matsumuro of Kwantung government.



Protection by the State and Local Governments

All these buildings, except Dalian Financial Building and the buildings written in the Notes, were declared in 2001:
  • The "Cultural Heritage Sites under Protection by the Chinese State Government" (in )

All buildings were designated in 2002:
  • The "Heritage Buildings under Protection by the Dalian Municipal Government" (in )

See also

  • Dalian
    Dalian
    Dalian is a major city and seaport in the south of Liaoning province, Northeast China. It faces Shandong to the south, the Yellow Sea to the east and the Bohai Sea to the west and south. Holding sub-provincial administrative status, Dalian is the southernmost city of Northeast China and China's...

  • Russian Dalian
    Russian Dalian
    As portion of the Guandong Leased Territories , the city of Dalian came under the territorial control of Russia from 1898 until that country’s defeat in the Russo-Japanese War in 1905...

  • Zhongshan Square (Dalian)
    Zhongshan Square (Dalian)
    Zhongshan Square in Dalian, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China, is the best known of the many squares in Dalian. Originally designed by Russians in the 19th century, it is especially noted for the several classical buildings located on the square built during the first half of the 20th...

  • The Bund#Architecture and buildings

External links

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