Minuscule 14
Encyclopedia
Minuscule 14 ε 1021 (von Soden). It is a Greek minuscule manuscript
Manuscript
A manuscript or handwrite is written information that has been manually created by someone or some people, such as a hand-written letter, as opposed to being printed or reproduced some other way...

 of the New Testament
New Testament
The New Testament is the second major division of the Christian biblical canon, the first such division being the much longer Old Testament....

, on 392 parchment leaves , dated by a colophon
Colophon (publishing)
In publishing, a colophon is either:* A brief description of publication or production notes relevant to the edition, in modern books usually located at the reverse of the title page, but can also sometimes be located at the end of the book, or...

 to the year 964 CE.

Description

The codex contains the text of the four Gospel
Gospel
A gospel is an account, often written, that describes the life of Jesus of Nazareth. In a more general sense the term "gospel" may refer to the good news message of the New Testament. It is primarily used in reference to the four canonical gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John...

s with some lacunae
Lacuna (manuscripts)
A lacunaPlural lacunae. From Latin lacūna , diminutive form of lacus . is a gap in a manuscript, inscription, text, painting, or a musical work...

 (Matthew 1:1-9; 3:16-4:9). The leaves are arranged in octavo. Some leaves are in disorder.

The text is written in one column per page, 17 lines per page. It is written in beautiful, and round minuscule letters, the initial letters are in gold and colour. It has regular breathings and accents.

The text is divided into the (chapters), whose numbers are given at the margin, and their τιτλοι (titles of chapters) at the top of the pages. There is also a division according to the Ammonian Sections
Ammonian Sections
Eusebian canons or Eusebian sections, also known as Ammonian Sections, are the system of dividing the four Gospels used between late Antiquity and the Middle Ages. The divisions into chapters and verses used in modern texts date only from the 13th and 16th centuries, respectively...

 (in Mark 233 Sections), whose numbers are given at the margin with references to the Eusebian Canons (written below Ammonian Section numbers).

It contains Paschal Canon, the Epistula ad Carpianum
Epistula ad Carpianum
The Epistula ad Carpianum is the title traditionally given to a letter from Eusebius of Caesarea to a Christian named Carpianus....

, the Eusebian Canon tables, tables of the (tables of contents) before each Gospel, and synaxaria
Synaxarium
Synaxarion, Synexarion, pl. Synaxaria —Latin: Synaxarium, Synexarium—the name given in the Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox and Eastern Catholic Churches to a compilation of hagiographies corresponding roughly to the martyrology of the Roman Church.There are two kinds of synaxaria:*Simple...

.

It has a colophon
Colophon (publishing)
In publishing, a colophon is either:* A brief description of publication or production notes relevant to the edition, in modern books usually located at the reverse of the title page, but can also sometimes be located at the end of the book, or...

 with the date A.D. 964. Before the discovery of the Uspenski Gospels
Uspenski Gospels
Uspenski Gospels, Minuscule 461 , ε 92 , are a New Testament minuscule manuscript written in Greek, dated at 835 AD...

 it was the oldest known dated minuscule.

The texts of Matt 1:1-9; 3:16-4:9 were supplied by a later hand in the 15th century.

Text

The Greek text of the codex is a representative of the Byzantine text-type
Byzantine text-type
The Byzantine text-type is one of several text-types used in textual criticism to describe the textual character of Greek New Testament manuscripts. It is the form found in the largest number of surviving manuscripts, though not in the oldest...

. Hermann von Soden classified it to the textual family Kx
Family Kx
Family Kx is a large group of the New Testament manuscripts. It belongs to the Byzantine text-type as one of the textual families of this group. It includes uncials, and although hundreds of minuscules, no early ones.- Description :...

. Aland
Kurt Aland
Kurt Aland was a German Theologian and Professor of New Testament Research and Church History. He founded the Institut für neutestamentliche Textforschung in Münster and served as its first director for many years...

 placed it in Category V.

According to the Claremont Profile Method it belongs to the textual family Kx in Luke 1
Luke 1
Luke 1 is the first chapter of the Gospel of Luke in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It describes the events leading up to the birth of Jesus. It is written to Theophilus, who could be a real person or could simply mean a fellow Christian as theo philus is Greek for God lover...

 and Luke 20. In Luke 10 no profile was made.

The spurious text of the Pericope Adulterae is marked by an asterisk
Asterisk
An asterisk is a typographical symbol or glyph. It is so called because it resembles a conventional image of a star. Computer scientists and mathematicians often pronounce it as star...

.

History

According to the colophon the manuscript was εγραφθη νικηφορου βασιλευοντος ινδ.

It was in private hands and belonged to Cardinal Mazarin (along with minuscule 305
Minuscule 305
Minuscule 305 , Zε30 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on cotton paper. Paleographically it has been assigned to the 13th century.It has marginalia.- Description :...

, 311
Minuscule 311
Minuscule 311 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 12th century.- Description :...

, 313
Minuscule 313
Minuscule 313 , Nλ46 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on paper. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 14th century.- Description :...

, and 324
Minuscule 324
Minuscule 324 , ε 452 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Paleographically it has been assigned to the 14th century....

). It became a part of collection Kuster's
Ludolph Kuster
Ludolf Küster was a Westphalian scholar, philologist, textual critic, palaeographer, and editor of Greek ancient texts.Küster was born in Blomberg, Westphalia. He was friends with, and a correspondent of, Richard Bentley, master of Trinity College, Cambridge, who assisted him in the production of...

 (Paris 7). It was examined and described by Bernard de Montfaucon
Bernard de Montfaucon
Bernard de Montfaucon was a French Benedictine monk, a scholar who founded a new discipline, palaeography; an editor of works of the Fathers of the Church; he is also regarded to be one of the founders of modern archaeology.-Early life:Montfaucon was born January 13, 1655 in the castle of...

, Wettstein
Johann Jakob Wettstein
Johann Jakob Wettstein was a Swiss theologian, best known as a New Testament critic.-Youth and study:...

, Scholz, and Burgon. C. R. Gregory saw the manuscript in 1884.

The codex now is located at the National Library of France (Gr. 70) at Paris
Paris
Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...

.

Further reading

  • Bernard de Montfaucon
    Bernard de Montfaucon
    Bernard de Montfaucon was a French Benedictine monk, a scholar who founded a new discipline, palaeography; an editor of works of the Fathers of the Church; he is also regarded to be one of the founders of modern archaeology.-Early life:Montfaucon was born January 13, 1655 in the castle of...

    , Paleographia Graeca (Paris, 1708), p. 282, no. V
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