Minuscule 109
Encyclopedia
Minuscule 109 ε 431 (Soden), is a Greek
minuscule manuscript
of the New Testament
, on parchment leaves. It is dated by a colophon
to the year 1326. The manuscript has complex contents.
s with a commentary on 225 parchment leaves . The text is written in one column per page, 24-31 lines per page. The initial letters in red.
The text is divided according to κεφαλαια (cahpters), whose numbers are given at the margin, the τιτλοι (titles) at the top of the pages. There is also a division according to the Ammonian Sections. I has no references to the Eusebian Canons.
It contains the Epistula ad Carpianum
, prolegomena, lists of the κεφαλαια (lists of contents) before each Gospel, Eusebian Tables, synaxaria, Menologion, lectionary markings at the margin, subscriptions at the end of each Gospel, and numbers of στιχοι
.
Text of Luke 3:23-38 (Genealogy of Jesus) was rewritten from a two-column text. In the process of copying, the columns were confused, and instead of copying them vertically in proper succession, the scribe copied the genealogy as though the two columns were one, following the lines across both columns. As a result, almost everyone is made the son of the wrong father. (For instance, God is made the son of Aram
and Phares is made creator of the world. See also Minuscule 80
.) The scribe evidently did not understand the text which he rewrote.
. Aland
placed it in Category V. It belongs to the textual family Family Kx
. It is close to Minuscule 54
.
According to the Claremont Profile Method it represents Kx in Luke 1. In Luke 10 and Luke 20 it has mixture of the Byzantine families.
It does not contain the Pericope Adulterae (John 7:53-8:11), but it was added by a later hand.
, then to Askew. Richard Mead showed it for Wettstein
in 1746. C. R. Gregory saw it in 1883.
It is housed at the British Library
(Additional 5117) at London
.
Greek language
Greek is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages. Native to the southern Balkans, it has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning 34 centuries of written records. Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the majority of its history;...
minuscule manuscript
Manuscript
A manuscript or handwrite is written information that has been manually created by someone or some people, such as a hand-written letter, as opposed to being printed or reproduced some other way...
of the New Testament
New Testament
The New Testament is the second major division of the Christian biblical canon, the first such division being the much longer Old Testament....
, on parchment leaves. It is dated by a colophon
Colophon (publishing)
In publishing, a colophon is either:* A brief description of publication or production notes relevant to the edition, in modern books usually located at the reverse of the title page, but can also sometimes be located at the end of the book, or...
to the year 1326. The manuscript has complex contents.
Description
The codex contains a complete text of the four GospelGospel
A gospel is an account, often written, that describes the life of Jesus of Nazareth. In a more general sense the term "gospel" may refer to the good news message of the New Testament. It is primarily used in reference to the four canonical gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John...
s with a commentary on 225 parchment leaves . The text is written in one column per page, 24-31 lines per page. The initial letters in red.
The text is divided according to κεφαλαια (cahpters), whose numbers are given at the margin, the τιτλοι (titles) at the top of the pages. There is also a division according to the Ammonian Sections. I has no references to the Eusebian Canons.
It contains the Epistula ad Carpianum
Epistula ad Carpianum
The Epistula ad Carpianum is the title traditionally given to a letter from Eusebius of Caesarea to a Christian named Carpianus....
, prolegomena, lists of the κεφαλαια (lists of contents) before each Gospel, Eusebian Tables, synaxaria, Menologion, lectionary markings at the margin, subscriptions at the end of each Gospel, and numbers of στιχοι
Stichometry
Stichometry is a term applied to the measurement of ancient texts by στίχοι or verses of a fixed standard length.It was the custom of the Greeks and Romans to estimate the length of their literary works by measured lines...
.
Text of Luke 3:23-38 (Genealogy of Jesus) was rewritten from a two-column text. In the process of copying, the columns were confused, and instead of copying them vertically in proper succession, the scribe copied the genealogy as though the two columns were one, following the lines across both columns. As a result, almost everyone is made the son of the wrong father. (For instance, God is made the son of Aram
Aram, son of Shem
Aram is a son of Shem, according to the Table of Nations in Genesis 10 of the Hebrew Bible, and the father of Uz, Hul, Gether and Mash. The Book of Chronicles confirms Aram as one of Shem's sons, confirming Uz, Hul, Gether and Mash, as also on the list of Shem's descendants. Aram son of Shem is ...
and Phares is made creator of the world. See also Minuscule 80
Minuscule 80
Minuscule 80 , ε 281 , known as Cod. T. G. Graevii, is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment leaves. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 12th century. The manuscript has complex contents...
.) The scribe evidently did not understand the text which he rewrote.
Text
The Greek text of the codex is a representative of the Byzantine text-typeByzantine text-type
The Byzantine text-type is one of several text-types used in textual criticism to describe the textual character of Greek New Testament manuscripts. It is the form found in the largest number of surviving manuscripts, though not in the oldest...
. Aland
Kurt Aland
Kurt Aland was a German Theologian and Professor of New Testament Research and Church History. He founded the Institut für neutestamentliche Textforschung in Münster and served as its first director for many years...
placed it in Category V. It belongs to the textual family Family Kx
Family Kx
Family Kx is a large group of the New Testament manuscripts. It belongs to the Byzantine text-type as one of the textual families of this group. It includes uncials, and although hundreds of minuscules, no early ones.- Description :...
. It is close to Minuscule 54
Minuscule 54
Minuscule 54 , ε 445 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment leaves. It is dated by a colophon to the year 1337 or 1338. It has complex contents and marginalia.- Description :...
.
According to the Claremont Profile Method it represents Kx in Luke 1. In Luke 10 and Luke 20 it has mixture of the Byzantine families.
It does not contain the Pericope Adulterae (John 7:53-8:11), but it was added by a later hand.
History
It once belonged to Richard MeadRichard Mead
Richard Mead was an English physician. His work, A Short Discourse concerning Pestilential Contagion, and the Method to be used to prevent it , was of historic importance in the understanding of transmissible diseases.-Life:The eleventh child of Matthew Mead , Independent divine, Richard was born...
, then to Askew. Richard Mead showed it for Wettstein
Johann Jakob Wettstein
Johann Jakob Wettstein was a Swiss theologian, best known as a New Testament critic.-Youth and study:...
in 1746. C. R. Gregory saw it in 1883.
It is housed at the British Library
British Library
The British Library is the national library of the United Kingdom, and is the world's largest library in terms of total number of items. The library is a major research library, holding over 150 million items from every country in the world, in virtually all known languages and in many formats,...
(Additional 5117) at London
London
London is the capital city of :England and the :United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its...
.
See also
- List of New Testament minuscules
- Biblical manuscriptBiblical manuscriptA biblical manuscript is any handwritten copy of a portion of the text of the Bible. The word Bible comes from the Greek biblia ; manuscript comes from Latin manu and scriptum...
- Textual criticismTextual criticismTextual criticism is a branch of literary criticism that is concerned with the identification and removal of transcription errors in the texts of manuscripts...