Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Romania
Encyclopedia
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Romania
is one of the fifteen ministries of the Government of Romania
.
The current Foreign Minister is Teodor Baconschi
who is an independent politician lead under the Government of Emil Boc
, the current reappointed Prime Minister of Romania
.
Romania used the Julian calendar
until 1919, but all dates are given in the Gregorian calendar
.
The following party abbreviations are used:
Additionally, the political stance of prime ministers prior to the development of a modern party system is given by C (Conservative), MC (Moderate Conservative), RL (Radical Liberal) and ML (Moderate Liberal). Interim officeholders are denoted by italics. For those who held office multiple times, their rank of service is given by a Roman numeral.
Romania
Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian arch, bordering on the Black Sea...
is one of the fifteen ministries of the Government of Romania
Government of Romania
The Government of Romania forms one half of the country's executive branch . It is headed by the Prime-Minister, and consists of the Ministries, various subordinated institutions and agencies, and the 42 Prefectures...
.
The current Foreign Minister is Teodor Baconschi
Teodor Baconschi
Teodor Baconschi , is a Romanian politician. He is the current Minister of Foreign Affairs of Romania since December 2009.-Early years:Baconschi was born in Bucharest to the poet Anatol E. Baconsky and his wife Clara...
who is an independent politician lead under the Government of Emil Boc
Emil Boc
Emil Boc is the Prime Minister of Romania, having served since December 2008. In June 2004, he was elected Mayor of Cluj-Napoca, the largest city in Transylvania. Boc is also the president of the Democratic Liberal Party, who designated him as Prime Minister in 2008. On October 13, 2009, his...
, the current reappointed Prime Minister of Romania
Prime Minister of Romania
The Prime Minister of Romania is the head of the Government of Romania. Initially, the office was styled President of the Council of Ministers , when the term "Government" included more than the Cabinet, and the Cabinet was called The Council of Ministers...
.
List of Ministers of Foreign Affairs
| No. | Name | Term start | Term end | Cabinet | Party | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| United Principalities Danubian Principalities Danubian Principalities was a conventional name given to the Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia, which emerged in the early 14th century. The term was coined in the Habsburg Monarchy after the Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca in order to designate an area on the lower Danube with a common... |
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| 1 | Apostol Arsache Apostol Arsache Apostol Arsache or Apostolos Arsakis was a Greek-Romanian politician and philanthropist, born in Northern Epirus. In the Cabinet of Barbu Catargiu , he served as Minister of Foreign Affairs and following Catargiu's assassination on 20 June, Arsache briefly served as interim Prime Minister of... |
22 January 1862 | 24 June 1862 | |||||
| 2 | Alexandru Cantacuzino Alexandru Cantacuzino Alexandru Cantacuzino was a Romanian politician who served as the Minister of Foreign Affairs from June 24, 1862 until September 29, 1862 and as the Minister of Finance from July 12, 1862 until March 16, 1863.... |
24 June 1862 | 29 September 1862 | |||||
| 3 | General General A general officer is an officer of high military rank, usually in the army, and in some nations, the air force. The term is widely used by many nations of the world, and when a country uses a different term, there is an equivalent title given.... Ioan G. Ghica Ioan Grigore Ghica Prince Ioan Grigore Ghica was a Romanian politician who served as the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Principality of Romania from October 17, 1865 until February 10, 1866 and as the Ministry of National Defense of Principality of Romania in two terms from July 19, 1861 until September 29, 1862 and... |
29 September 1862 | 29 August 1863 | |||||
| 4 | Nicolae Rosetti-Bălănescu Nicolae Rosetti-Bălănescu Nicolae Rosetti-Bălănescu was a lawyer and Romanian politician who served as the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Principality of Romania from August 29, 1863 until October 29, 1865. After the divorce, his wife Olga married another diplomat Petre Mavrogheni... |
29 August 1863 | 29 October 1865 | |||||
| 5 | Alexandru Papadopol-Calimah Alexandru Papadopol-Calimah Alexandru Papadopol-Calimah also known as Alexandru Papadopol-Callimachi was a Romanian historian, publicist and politician who served as the Minister of Foreign Affairs and Minister of Culture and Public Instruction of Principality of Romania.-Life and political career:Papadopol-Calimah was born... |
29 October 1865 | 10 February 1866 | |||||
| 6 | Ion Ghica Ion Ghica Ion Ghica was a Romanian revolutionary, mathematician, diplomat and twice Prime Minister of Romania . He was a full member of the Romanian Academy and its president for four times... |
11 February 1866 | 10 May 1866 | ML | ||||
| 7 | Petre Mavrogheni Petre Mavrogheni Petre Mavrogheni also known as Petru Mavrogheni was a Romanian politician who served as the Minister of Foreign Affairs from May 11 until July 13, 1866 and as the Minister of Finance.-Life and career:... |
11 May 1866 | 13 July 1866 | |||||
| 8 | Prince George Barbu Ştirbei George Barbu Ştirbei Prince George Barbu Ştirbei was a Romanian politician who served as the Minister of Foreign Affairs from July 15, 1866 until February 21, 1867.-References:... |
15 July 1866 | 21 February 1867 | |||||
| 9 | Ştefan Golescu Stefan Golescu Ştefan Golescu was a Wallachian Romanian politician who served as the Minister of Foreign Affairs for two terms from March 1, 1867 to August 5, 1867 and from November 13, 1867 to April 30, 1868, and as Prime Minister of Romania between November 26, 1867 and May 12, 1868.-Biography:Born in a boyar... i |
1 March 1867 | 5 August 1867 | |||||
| 10 | Alexandru Teriachiu Alexandru Teriachiu Alexandru Teriachiu was a Romanian politician who served as the Minister of Foreign Affairs.-Life and career:Teriachiu was born in 1829 in Tecuci, Principality of Moldavia. He studied in Paris and was active in Romanian student organization at the university... |
17 August 1867 | 12 November 1867 | |||||
| 11 | Ştefan Golescu Stefan Golescu Ştefan Golescu was a Wallachian Romanian politician who served as the Minister of Foreign Affairs for two terms from March 1, 1867 to August 5, 1867 and from November 13, 1867 to April 30, 1868, and as Prime Minister of Romania between November 26, 1867 and May 12, 1868.-Biography:Born in a boyar... ii |
13 November 1867 | 30 April 1868 | |||||
| 12 | Nicolae Golescu Nicolae Golescu Nicolae Golescu was a Wallachian Romanian politician who served as the Prime Minister of Romania in 1860 and May–November 1868.-Early life:... |
1 May 1868 | 15 November 1868 | |||||
| 13 | Prince Dimitrie Ghica Dimitrie Ghica Dimitrie Ghica or Ghika was a Romanian politician. A prominent member of the Conservative Party, he served as Prime Minister between 1868 and 1870.... |
16 November 1868 | 27 November 1869 | |||||
| 14 | Nicolae Calimachi-Catargiu Nicolae Calimachi-Catargiu Nicolae Callimachi-Catargiu ) was a conservative Romanian politician who served as the Minister of Foreign Affairs in two terms from November 28, 1869 to February 1, 1870 and December 18, 1870 until March 11, 1871, and as a Romanian envoy to London and Paris.-References:... i |
28 November 1869 | 1 February 1870 | |||||
| Alexandru G. Golescu Alexandru G. Golescu Alexandru G. Golescu was a Romanian politician who served as a Prime Minister of Romania in 1870 .-Early life:... |
2 February 1870 | 18 April 1870 | ||||||
| 15 | Petre P. Carp Petre P. Carp Petre P. Carp , commonly rendered as P. P. Carp, was a Romanian conservative politician and literary critic who served as a Prime Minister of Romania for two terms... i |
20 April 1870 | 14 December 1870 | |||||
| 16 | Nicolae Calimachi-Catargiu Nicolae Calimachi-Catargiu Nicolae Callimachi-Catargiu ) was a conservative Romanian politician who served as the Minister of Foreign Affairs in two terms from November 28, 1869 to February 1, 1870 and December 18, 1870 until March 11, 1871, and as a Romanian envoy to London and Paris.-References:... ii |
18 December 1870 | 11 March 1871 | |||||
| 17 | Gheorghe Costaforu | 11 March 1871 | 27 April 1873 | |||||
| 18 | Vasile Boerescu Vasile Boerescu Vasile Boerescu was a journalist, lawyer and Romanian politician who served as the Minister of Justice, Minister of Foreign Affairs, Minister of Religion and Public Instruction and held other various governmental offices during the existence of United Principalities.-Early years:During the... i |
28 April 1873 | 29 January 1876 | |||||
| 19 | Ion Bălăceanu Ion Bălăceanu Ion Bălăceanu was the Minister of Foreign Affairs from January 30, 1876 until March 31, 1876 during the existence of United Principalities. Bălăceanu is considered one of the most active foreign ministers who promoted closer alliances of Romania with Great Britain and France rather than with... |
30 January 1876 | 31 March 1876 | |||||
| 20 | Dimitrie Cornea Dimitrie Cornea Dimitrie Cornea was the Minister of Foreign Affairs from April 4, 1876 until April 26, 1876 during the existence of United Principalities.-References:... |
4 April 1876 | 26 April 1876 | |||||
| 21 | Mihail Kogălniceanu Mihail Kogalniceanu Mihail Kogălniceanu was a Moldavian-born Romanian liberal statesman, lawyer, historian and publicist; he became Prime Minister of Romania October 11, 1863, after the 1859 union of the Danubian Principalities under Domnitor Alexander John Cuza, and later served as Foreign Minister under Carol I. He... i |
27 April 1876 | 23 July 1876 | PNL National Liberal Party (Romania) The National Liberal Party , abbreviated to PNL, is a centre-right liberal party in Romania. It is the third-largest party in the Romanian Parliament, with 53 seats in the Chamber of Deputies and 22 in the Senate: behind the centre-right Democratic Liberal Party and the centre-left Social... |
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| 22 | Nicolae Ionescu Nicolae Ionescu Nicolae Ionescu was a Romanian politician and publisher. He was one of the founding members of the Romanian Academy.-References:... |
24 July 1876 | 2 April 1877 | |||||
| 23 | Mihail Kogălniceanu Mihail Kogalniceanu Mihail Kogălniceanu was a Moldavian-born Romanian liberal statesman, lawyer, historian and publicist; he became Prime Minister of Romania October 11, 1863, after the 1859 union of the Danubian Principalities under Domnitor Alexander John Cuza, and later served as Foreign Minister under Carol I. He... ii |
3 April 1877 | 24 November 1878 | PNL National Liberal Party (Romania) The National Liberal Party , abbreviated to PNL, is a centre-right liberal party in Romania. It is the third-largest party in the Romanian Parliament, with 53 seats in the Chamber of Deputies and 22 in the Senate: behind the centre-right Democratic Liberal Party and the centre-left Social... |
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| 24 | Ion C. Câmpineanu Ion C. Câmpineanu Ion C. Câmpineanu was a Romanian politician who served as the Minister of Justice from January 27, 1877 to September 23, 1877, Minister of Finance in two terms, from September 23, 1877 to November 25, 1878 and from February 25, 1880 to July 15, 1880, and Minister of Foreign Affairs from November... i |
25 November 1878 | 10 July 1879 | |||||
| 25 | Vasile Boerescu Vasile Boerescu Vasile Boerescu was a journalist, lawyer and Romanian politician who served as the Minister of Justice, Minister of Foreign Affairs, Minister of Religion and Public Instruction and held other various governmental offices during the existence of United Principalities.-Early years:During the... ii |
11 July 1879 | 9 April 1881 | |||||
| Kingdom of Romania Kingdom of Romania The Kingdom of Romania was the Romanian state based on a form of parliamentary monarchy between 13 March 1881 and 30 December 1947, specified by the first three Constitutions of Romania... |
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| 26 | Dimitrie C. Brătianu | 10 April 1881 | 8 June 1881 | PNL National Liberal Party (Romania) The National Liberal Party , abbreviated to PNL, is a centre-right liberal party in Romania. It is the third-largest party in the Romanian Parliament, with 53 seats in the Chamber of Deputies and 22 in the Senate: behind the centre-right Democratic Liberal Party and the centre-left Social... |
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| 27 | Eugeniu Stătescu Eugeniu Stătescu Eugeniu Stătescu was a Romanian politician who served as the Minister of Internal Affairs from April 10, 1881 until June 8, 1881 and as Minister of Foreign Affairs from June 9, 1881 until July 30, 1881 during the existence of United Principalities... |
9 June 1881 | 30 July 1881 | |||||
| 28 | Dimitrie A. Sturdzai | 1 August 1881 | 1 February 1885 | |||||
| 29 | Ion C. Câmpineanu Ion C. Câmpineanu Ion C. Câmpineanu was a Romanian politician who served as the Minister of Justice from January 27, 1877 to September 23, 1877, Minister of Finance in two terms, from September 23, 1877 to November 25, 1878 and from February 25, 1880 to July 15, 1880, and Minister of Foreign Affairs from November... ii |
2 February 1885 | 27 October 1885 | |||||
| Ion Brătianu Ion Bratianu Ion C. Brătianu was one of the major political figures of 19th century Romania. He was the younger brother of Dimitrie, as well as the father of Ionel, Dinu, and Vintilă Brătianu... |
28 October 1885 | 15 December 1885 | PNL National Liberal Party (Romania) The National Liberal Party , abbreviated to PNL, is a centre-right liberal party in Romania. It is the third-largest party in the Romanian Parliament, with 53 seats in the Chamber of Deputies and 22 in the Senate: behind the centre-right Democratic Liberal Party and the centre-left Social... |
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| 30 | Mihail Pherekyde Mihail Pherekyde Mihail Pherekyde was a Romanian politician and diplomat who served as the Minister of Foreign Affairs and two terms as the Minister of Internal Affairs of Kingdom of Romania-Life and political career:... |
16 December 1885 | 21 March 1888 | |||||
| 31 | Petre P. Carp Petre P. Carp Petre P. Carp , commonly rendered as P. P. Carp, was a Romanian conservative politician and literary critic who served as a Prime Minister of Romania for two terms... ii |
21 March 1888 | 5 November 1889 | |||||
| 32 | Alexandru Lahovary Alexandru Lahovary Alexandru Lahovary was a member of the Romanian aristocracy, a politician and diplomat who served as the Minister of Justice, Minister of Agriculture, Industry, Trade and Property, Minister of Public Works and Minister of Foreign Affairs of Kingdom of Romania.... i |
5 November 1889 | 21 February 1891 | |||||
| 33 | Constantin Esarcu Constantin Esarcu Constantin Esarcu was a naturalist, physician, teacher, politician and diplomat who served as the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Kigdom of Romania from February 21 until November 26, 1891.... |
21 February 1891 | 26 November 1891 | |||||
| 34 | Alexandru Lahovary Alexandru Lahovary Alexandru Lahovary was a member of the Romanian aristocracy, a politician and diplomat who served as the Minister of Justice, Minister of Agriculture, Industry, Trade and Property, Minister of Public Works and Minister of Foreign Affairs of Kingdom of Romania.... ii |
27 November 1891 | 3 October 1895 | |||||
| 35 | Dimitrie A. Sturdzaii | 4 October 1895 | 21 November 1896 | |||||
| 36 | Constantin Stoicescu Constantin Stoicescu Constantin Stoicescu was a politician and diplomat who held several ministerial positions in the Kingdom of Romania.-Life and political career:... |
21 November 1896 | 29 March 1897 | |||||
| 37 | Dimitrie A. Sturdzaiii | 31 March 1897 | 30 March 1899 | |||||
| 38 | Ioan Lahovary Ioan Lahovary Ioan N. Lahovary or Ion Lahovari; January 25, 1844 – June 14, 1915) was a member of Romanian aristocracy, a politician and diplomat who served as the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Romania.-Life and political career:... i |
11 April 1899 | 6 July 1900 | |||||
| 39 | Alexandru Marghiloman Alexandru Marghiloman Alexandru Marghiloman was a Romanian conservative statesman who served for a short time in 1918 as Prime Minister of Romania, and had a decisive role during World War I.-Early career:... |
7 July 1900 | 13 February 1901 | |||||
| 40 | Dimitrie A. Sturdzaiv | 14 February 1901 | 8 January 1902 | |||||
| 41 | Ion I. C. Brătianu Ion I. C. Bratianu Ion I. C. Brătianu was a Romanian politician, leader of the National Liberal Party , the Prime Minister of Romania for five terms, and Foreign Minister on several occasions; he was the eldest son of statesman and PNL leader Ion Brătianu, the brother of Vintilă and Dinu Brătianu, and the father of... i |
9 January 1902 | 11 December 1904 | PNL National Liberal Party (Romania) The National Liberal Party , abbreviated to PNL, is a centre-right liberal party in Romania. It is the third-largest party in the Romanian Parliament, with 53 seats in the Chamber of Deputies and 22 in the Senate: behind the centre-right Democratic Liberal Party and the centre-left Social... |
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| 42 | General Iacob Lahovary Iacob Lahovary Iacob Lahovary was a member of the Romanian aristocracy, a general, politician and diplomat who served as the Minister of War and Minister of Foreign Affairs of Kingdom of Romania.-Life and political career:... |
22 December 1904 | 8 February 1907 | |||||
| 43 | Ioan Lahovary Ioan Lahovary Ioan N. Lahovary or Ion Lahovari; January 25, 1844 – June 14, 1915) was a member of Romanian aristocracy, a politician and diplomat who served as the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Romania.-Life and political career:... ii |
9 February 1907 | 11 March 1907 | |||||
| 44 | Dimitrie A. Sturdzav | 12 March 1907 | 27 December 1908 | |||||
| 45 | Ion I. C. Brătianu Ion I. C. Bratianu Ion I. C. Brătianu was a Romanian politician, leader of the National Liberal Party , the Prime Minister of Romania for five terms, and Foreign Minister on several occasions; he was the eldest son of statesman and PNL leader Ion Brătianu, the brother of Vintilă and Dinu Brătianu, and the father of... ii |
27 December 1908 | 1 November 1909 | PNL National Liberal Party (Romania) The National Liberal Party , abbreviated to PNL, is a centre-right liberal party in Romania. It is the third-largest party in the Romanian Parliament, with 53 seats in the Chamber of Deputies and 22 in the Senate: behind the centre-right Democratic Liberal Party and the centre-left Social... |
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| 46 | Alexandru Djuvara Alexandru Djuvara -Early years:Djuvara was born in Bucharest on December 20, 1858. He was the uncle of prominent Romanian historian Neagu Djuvara.After graduation from Lycée Louis-le-Grand in Paris, he went on to study Law in the School of History and Political Science... |
1 November 1909 | 28 December 1910 | PNL National Liberal Party (Romania) The National Liberal Party , abbreviated to PNL, is a centre-right liberal party in Romania. It is the third-largest party in the Romanian Parliament, with 53 seats in the Chamber of Deputies and 22 in the Senate: behind the centre-right Democratic Liberal Party and the centre-left Social... |
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| 47 | Titu Maiorescu Titu Maiorescu Titu Liviu Maiorescu was a Romanian literary critic and politician, founder of the Junimea Society. As a literary critic, he was instrumental in the development of Romanian culture in the second half of the 19th century.... |
29 December 1910 | 4 January 1914 | PC Conservative Party (Romania, 1880-1918) The Conservative Party was between 1880 and 1918 one of Romania's two most important parties, the other one being the Liberal Party... |
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| 48 | Emanuel Porumbaru Emanuel Porumbaru Emanuel Porumbaru was a Romanian politician who served as the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Romania from January 4, 1914 until December 7, 1916 under the reign of Romanian Kings Carol I and Ferdinand.... |
4 January 1914 | 7 December 1916 | |||||
| 49 | Ion I. C. Brătianu Ion I. C. Bratianu Ion I. C. Brătianu was a Romanian politician, leader of the National Liberal Party , the Prime Minister of Romania for five terms, and Foreign Minister on several occasions; he was the eldest son of statesman and PNL leader Ion Brătianu, the brother of Vintilă and Dinu Brătianu, and the father of... iii |
8 December 1916 | 28 January 1918 | PNL National Liberal Party (Romania) The National Liberal Party , abbreviated to PNL, is a centre-right liberal party in Romania. It is the third-largest party in the Romanian Parliament, with 53 seats in the Chamber of Deputies and 22 in the Senate: behind the centre-right Democratic Liberal Party and the centre-left Social... |
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| Alexandru Averescu Alexandru Averescu Alexandru Averescu was a Romanian marshal and populist politician. A Romanian Armed Forces Commander during World War I, he served as Prime Minister of three separate cabinets . He first rose to prominence during the peasant's revolt of 1907, which he helped repress in violence... |
29 January 1918 | 4 March 1918 | ||||||
| 50 | Constantin C. Arion Constantin C. Arion Constantin C. Arion was a Romanian politician who served as the Minister of Religion and Public Instruction from December 29, 1910 until March 28, 1921, as Minister of Administration and Interior of Romania from March 28, 1912 until October 14, 1912 and as Minister of Foreign Affairs of Romania... |
5 March 1918 | 23 October 1918 | |||||
| 51 | General Constantin Coandă Constantin Coanda Constantin Coandă was a Romanian soldier and politician. He reached the rank of general in the Romanian Army, and later became mathematics professor at the National School of Bridges and Roads in Bucharest... |
24 October 1918 | 28 November 1918 | |||||
| 52 | Ion I. C. Brătianu Ion I. C. Bratianu Ion I. C. Brătianu was a Romanian politician, leader of the National Liberal Party , the Prime Minister of Romania for five terms, and Foreign Minister on several occasions; he was the eldest son of statesman and PNL leader Ion Brătianu, the brother of Vintilă and Dinu Brătianu, and the father of... iv |
29 November 1918 | 26 September 1919 | PNL National Liberal Party (Romania) The National Liberal Party , abbreviated to PNL, is a centre-right liberal party in Romania. It is the third-largest party in the Romanian Parliament, with 53 seats in the Chamber of Deputies and 22 in the Senate: behind the centre-right Democratic Liberal Party and the centre-left Social... |
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| Arthur Văitoianu | 27 September 1919 | 14 October 1919 | ||||||
| 53 | Nicolae Mişu Nicolae Mişu Nicolae Mişu was a Romanian politician and diplomat who served as the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Romania.-Life and political career:... |
15 October 1919 | 30 November 1919 | |||||
| 54 | Alexandru Vaida-Voevod Alexandru Vaida-Voevod Alexandru Vaida-Voevod or Vaida-Voievod was a Romanian politician who was a supporter and promoter of the union of Transylvania with the Romanian Old Kingdom; he later served three terms as a Prime Minister of Greater Romania.-Transylvanian politics:He was born to a Greek-Catholic family in the... i |
1 December 1919 | 9 January 1920 | |||||
| 55 | Duiliu Zamfirescu Duiliu Zamfirescu Duiliu Zamfirescu was a Romanian novelist, poet, short story writer, lawyer, nationalist politician, journalist, diplomat and memoirist. In 1909, he was elected a member of the Romanian Academy, and, for a while in 1920, he was Foreign Minister of Romania... |
13 March 1920 | 12 June 1920 | |||||
| 56 | Take Ionescu Take Ionescu Take or Tache Ionescu was a Romanian centrist politician, journalist, lawyer and diplomat, who also enjoyed reputation as a short story author. Starting his political career as a radical member of the National Liberal Party , he joined the Conservative Party in 1891, and became noted as a social... |
13 June 1920 | 16 December 1921 | |||||
| 57 | Gheorghe Derussi Gheorghe Derussi Gheorghe Derussi was a Romanian politician who served as the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Romania from December 17, 1921 until January 19, 1922 under the reign of Romanian King Ferdinand of Romania.... |
17 December 1921 | 19 January 1922 | |||||
| 58 | Ion G. Duca Ion G. Duca Ion Gheorghe Duca was prime minister of Romania from November 14 to December 30, 1933, when he was assassinated for his efforts to suppress the fascist Iron Guard movement.-Life and political career:... |
19 January 1922 | 29 March 1926 | |||||
| 59 | Ion Mitilineu Ion Mitilineu Ion Mitilineu was a Romanian diplomat who served as the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Romania in 1926-1927.-Life and career:... |
30 March 1926 | 3 June 1927 | |||||
| Barbu Ştirbey Barbu Stirbey Prince Barbu Ştirbey was briefly Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Romania in 1927. He was the son of Prince Alexandru Ştirbey and his wife Maria Ghika-Comăneşti, and grandson of another Barbu Dimitrie Ştirbey , who was Prince of Wallachia and died in 1869.He married Princess Nadèje Bibescu about... |
4 June 1927 | 20 June 1927 | ||||||
| 60 | Ion I. C. Brătianu Ion I. C. Bratianu Ion I. C. Brătianu was a Romanian politician, leader of the National Liberal Party , the Prime Minister of Romania for five terms, and Foreign Minister on several occasions; he was the eldest son of statesman and PNL leader Ion Brătianu, the brother of Vintilă and Dinu Brătianu, and the father of... v |
21 June 1927 | 24 November 1927 | PNL National Liberal Party (Romania) The National Liberal Party , abbreviated to PNL, is a centre-right liberal party in Romania. It is the third-largest party in the Romanian Parliament, with 53 seats in the Chamber of Deputies and 22 in the Senate: behind the centre-right Democratic Liberal Party and the centre-left Social... |
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| 61 | Nicolae Titulescu Nicolae Titulescu Nicolae Titulescu was a well-known Romanian diplomat, at various times government minister, finance and foreign minister, and for two terms President of the General Assembly of the League of Nations . He was a member of the Freemasonry.-Early years:... i |
24 November 1927 | 9 November 1928 | |||||
| 62 | Gheorghe Mironescu Gheorghe Mironescu Gheorghe G. Mironescu, commonly known as G. G. Mironescu , was a Romanian politician, member of the National Peasants' Party , who served as a Prime Minister of Romania for two terms.-Biography:... |
10 November 1928 | 9 October 1930 | |||||
| 63 | Ion Mihalache Ion Mihalache Ion Mihalache was a Romanian agrarian politician, the founder and leader of the Peasants' Party and a main figure of its successor, the National Peasants' Party .-Early life:... |
10 October 1930 | 17 April 1931 | |||||
| Constantin Argetoianu Constantin Argetoianu Constantin Argetoianu was a Romanian politician, one of the best-known personalities of interwar Greater Romania, who served as the Prime Minister between September 28 and November 23, 1939. His memoirs, Memorii. Pentru cei de mâine. Amintiri din vremea celor de ieri Constantin Argetoianu... |
18 April 1931 | 26 April 1932 | ||||||
| 64 | Prince Dimitrie I. G. Ghica Dimitrie I. G. Ghica Prince Dimitrie I. G. Ghica was a Romanian politician who served as the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Romania from April 27, 1931 until June 5, 1932 in the cabinet of Prime Minister Nicolae Iorga.-References:... |
27 April 1931 | 5 June 1932 | |||||
| 65 | Alexandru Vaida-Voevod Alexandru Vaida-Voevod Alexandru Vaida-Voevod or Vaida-Voievod was a Romanian politician who was a supporter and promoter of the union of Transylvania with the Romanian Old Kingdom; he later served three terms as a Prime Minister of Greater Romania.-Transylvanian politics:He was born to a Greek-Catholic family in the... ii |
6 June 1932 | 19 October 1932 | |||||
| 66 | Nicolae Titulescu Nicolae Titulescu Nicolae Titulescu was a well-known Romanian diplomat, at various times government minister, finance and foreign minister, and for two terms President of the General Assembly of the League of Nations . He was a member of the Freemasonry.-Early years:... ii |
20 October 1932 | 1 October 1934 | |||||
| Gheorghe Tătărescu Gheorghe Tatarescu Gheorghe I. Tătărescu was a Romanian politician who served twice as Prime Minister of Romania , three times as Minister of Foreign Affairs , and once as Minister of War... |
2 October 1934 | 9 October 1934 | ||||||
| 67 | Nicolae Titulescu Nicolae Titulescu Nicolae Titulescu was a well-known Romanian diplomat, at various times government minister, finance and foreign minister, and for two terms President of the General Assembly of the League of Nations . He was a member of the Freemasonry.-Early years:... iii |
10 October 1934 | 28 August 1936 | |||||
| 68 | Victor Antonescu Victor Antonescu Victor Antonescu was a Minister of Finance between 1935 and 1936 and Minister of Foreign Affairs of Romania from 29 August 1936 until 28 December 1937. In 1946, he was part of the Romanian delegation at the Paris Peace Conference.... |
29 August 1936 | 28 December 1937 | |||||
| 69 | Istrate Micescu Istrate Micescu Istrate Micescu was a Romanian lawyer and Law and Political Science professor at the University of Law in Bucharest and politician who served as the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Romania... |
29 December 1937 | 10 February 1938 | |||||
| Gheorghe Tătărescu Gheorghe Tatarescu Gheorghe I. Tătărescu was a Romanian politician who served twice as Prime Minister of Romania , three times as Minister of Foreign Affairs , and once as Minister of War... |
11 February 1938 | 29 March 1938 | ||||||
| 70 | Nicolae Petrescu-Comnen Nicolae Petrescu-Comnen Nicolae Petrescu-Comnen was a Romanian diplomat, politician, and humanitarian, noted for his role in interwar European politics and his support for the League of Nations... |
30 March 1938 | 31 January 1939 | |||||
| 71 | Grigore Gafencu Grigore Gafencu Grigore Gafencu was a Romanian politician, diplomat and journalist.-Political career:Gafencu studied law and received his Ph.D. in law from the University of Bucharest. During World War I, he participated as a lieutenant and received the Mihai Viteazul Order for courage in battle... |
1 February 1939 | 3 July 1940 | |||||
| 72 | Mihail Manoilescu Mihail Manoilescu Mihail Manoilescu was a Romanian journalist, engineer, economist, politician and memoirist, who served as Foreign Minister of Romania during the summer of 1940... |
4 July 1940 | 4 September 1940 | |||||
| 73 | Mihail R. Sturdza Mihail R. Sturdza Prince Mihail R. Sturdza . Romanian nobleman and diplomat. Was a descendant of the wealthy and influential Sturdza family of Romanian landowners, politicians and boyars. Played a brief role in Romanian interwar politics.... |
14 September 1940 | 17 January 1941 | |||||
| Ion Antonescu Ion Antonescu Ion Victor Antonescu was a Romanian soldier, authoritarian politician and convicted war criminal. The Prime Minister and Conducător during most of World War II, he presided over two successive wartime dictatorships... |
18 January 1941 | 1 January 1943 | Mil. | |||||
| 74 | Mihai Antonescu Mihai Antonescu Mihai Antonescu was a Romanian politician who served as Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister during World War II.-Early career:... |
1 January 1943 | 23 August 1944 | |||||
| 75 | Grigore Niculescu-Buzeşti Grigore Niculescu-Buzeşti Grigore Niculescu-Buzeşti was a Romanian politician who served as the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Romania.... |
23 August 1944 | 3 November 1944 | |||||
| 76 | Constantin Vişoianu Constantin Visoianu Constantin Vișoianu was a Romanian jurist, diplomat and politician.... |
4 November 1944 | 5 March 1945 | |||||
| 77 | Gheorghe Tătărescu Gheorghe Tatarescu Gheorghe I. Tătărescu was a Romanian politician who served twice as Prime Minister of Romania , three times as Minister of Foreign Affairs , and once as Minister of War... |
6 March 1945 | 29 December 1947 | |||||
| Communist Romania Communist Romania Communist Romania was the period in Romanian history when that country was a Soviet-aligned communist state in the Eastern Bloc, with the dominant role of Romanian Communist Party enshrined in its successive constitutions... |
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| 78 | Ana Pauker Ana Pauker Ana Pauker was a Romanian communist leader and served as the country's foreign minister in the late 1940s and early 1950s... |
30 December 1947 | 9 July 1952 | PMR | ||||
| 79 | Simion Bughici Simion Bughici Simion Bughici was a Romanian communist politician who served as the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Romania.-Life and career:... |
10 July 1952 | 3 October 1955 | |||||
| 80 | Grigore Preoteasa Grigore Preoteasa Grigore Preoteasa was a Romanian communist activist, journalist, and politician, who served as Communist Romania's Minister of Foreign Affairs between October 4, 1955 and the time of his death.-Biography:... |
4 October 1955 | 14 July 1957 | |||||
| 81 | Ion Gheorghe Maurer Ion Gheorghe Maurer Ion Gheorghe Iosif Maurer was a Romanian communist politician and lawyer.-Biography:Born in Bucharest to a Saxon father and a Romanian mother of French origin, he completed studies in Law and became an attorney, defending in court members of the illegal leftist and Anti-fascist movements... |
15 July 1957 | 15 January 1958 | |||||
| 82 | Avram Bunaciu Avram Bunaciu Avram Bunaciu was a Romanian communist politician who served as the Minister of Justice, Minister of Foreign Affairs and was the acting President of the State Council of Romania.-Early life:... |
23 January 1958 | 20 March 1961 | |||||
| 82 | Corneliu Mănescu Corneliu Manescu Corneliu Mănescu was a Romanian diplomat born in Ploieşti. He served as Minister of Foreign Affairs of Romania from 1961 to 1972 and as President of the United Nations General Assembly from 1967 to 1968.... |
20 March 1961 | 20 August 1965 | |||||
| Corneliu Mănescu Corneliu Manescu Corneliu Mănescu was a Romanian diplomat born in Ploieşti. He served as Minister of Foreign Affairs of Romania from 1961 to 1972 and as President of the United Nations General Assembly from 1967 to 1968.... |
21 August 1965 | 18 October 1972 | PCR Romanian Communist Party The Romanian Communist Party was a communist political party in Romania. Successor to the Bolshevik wing of the Socialist Party of Romania, it gave ideological endorsement to communist revolution and the disestablishment of Greater Romania. The PCR was a minor and illegal grouping for much of the... |
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| 83 | George Macovescu George Macovescu George Macovescu was a Romanian writer and communist politician who served as the General Secretary of Ministry of Information of Romania and Minister of Foreign Affairs of Romania.-Life and political career:... |
18 October 1972 | 8 March 1978 | |||||
| 84 | Ştefan Andrei Ştefan Andrei Ştefan Andrei is a former Romanian communist politician who, among others, served as the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Romania . He was arrested after the 1989 overthrow of the Nicolae Ceauşescu regime.-Early life:... |
8 March 1978 | 11 November 1985 | |||||
| 85 | Ilie Văduva Ilie Văduva Ilie Văduva was a Romanian communist politician who served as the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Romania from 1985 until 1986, Minister of Foreign Trade and International Cooperation from August 26, 1986 until May 1988 and Presidential Counselor from December 1988 until December 1989... |
11 November 1985 | 26 August 1986 | |||||
| 86 | Ioan Totu Ioan Totu Ioan Totu was a Romanian communist politician who served as the Vice Prime Minister of Romania, Minister of Foreign Affairs of Romania and President of the State Planning Committee during the reign of Nicolae Ceauşescu.-Life and political career:... |
26 August 1986 | 2 November 1989 | |||||
| 87 | Ion Stoian Ion Stoian Ion Stoian was a Romanian communist politician who served as the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Romania during the rule of Nicolae Ceauşescu.-Life and political career:... |
2 November 1989 | 22 December 1989 | |||||
| Romania Romania Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian arch, bordering on the Black Sea... since 1989 |
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| 88 | Sergiu Celac Sergiu Celac Sergiu Celac was the first post-communist Romanian Minister of Foreign Affairs of Romania within the Romanian Provisional Government in the aftermath of the Romanian Revolution of 1989.-Early life:... |
26 December 1989 | 28 June 1990 | Roman I Roman I Cabinet -December 1989 – June 28, 1990:Prime Minister:*Petre RomanDeputy Prime Ministers:*Gelu Voican Voiculescu*Mihai Drăgănescu*Ion Aurel Stoica*Anton VătăşescuMinisters of State:*Petru Pepelea*Mihail Victor Buracu*Costică Bădescu*Ovidiu Adrian Moţiu... |
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| 89 | Adrian Năstase Adrian Nastase Adrian Năstase is a Romanian politician who was the Prime Minister of Romania from December 2000 to December 2004.He competed as the Social Democratic Party candidate in the 2004 presidential election, but was defeated by centre-right Justice and Truth Alliance candidate Traian Băsescu.He was... |
28 June 1990 | 18 November 1992 | Roman II Roman II Cabinet -June 28, 1990–April 30, 1991:Coalition members: , and Prime Minister:*Petre RomanMinisters of State:*Anton Vătăşescu *Eugen Dijmărescu... Roman III Roman III Cabinet -April 30, 1991–October 16, 1991:Coalition members: , and Prime Minister:*Petre Roman/Theodor StolojanMinister of State:*Dan Mircea Popescu Ministers:*Victor Babiuc *Niculae Spiroiu... Stolojan I Stolojan I Cabinet The Stolojan I Cabinet was the Cabinet of the Government of Romania between October 16, 1991 and 1992. It was the fourth Cabinet after the fall of Communism in Romania... |
FSN | |||
| 90 | Teodor Meleşcanu Teodor Melescanu Teodor Viorel Meleşcanu is a Romanian politician, diplomat and jurist. Currently serving as senator for the National Liberal Party , he was Minister of Defense between 2007 and 2008, and Minister of Foreign Affairs between 1992 and 1996... |
19 November 1992 | 11 December 1996 | Văcăroiu I Vacaroiu I Cabinet Nicolae Văcăroiu's cabinet 1992–1996Coalition members: , , and Prime Minister:*Nicolae VăcăroiuMinisters of State:*Mişu Negriţoiu/Mircea Coşea*Dan Mircea Popescu*Teodor Meleşcanu*Florin GeorgescuMinisters:... |
FDSN Democratic National Salvation Front The Democratic National Salvation Front was a political party formed in Romania by Ion Iliescu and his supporters upon the breaking of the ruling National Salvation Front on April 7, 1992. The smaller wing led by Petre Roman continued using the brand FSN... /PDSR |
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| 91 | Adrian Severin Adrian Severin Adrian Severin is a Romanian politician and Member of the European Parliament.Adrian Severin started his politics career under the Communist rule, as Instructor at Ştefan Gheorghiu Academy, the university for Romanian Communist cadres... |
12 December 1996 | 29 December 1997 | Ciorbea I Ciorbea I Cabinet 1996–1998Coalition members: , , , , , and Prime Minister:*Victor Ciorbea/Gavril DejeuMinisters of State:*Mircea Ciumara*Ulm Spineanu*Gavril Dejeu*Adrian Severin*Victor Babiuc*Călin Popescu-Tăriceanu*Valeriu Stoica*Alexandru Athanasiu... |
PD | |||
| 92 | Andrei Pleşu Andrei Plesu Andrei Gabriel Pleşu is a Romanian philosopher, essayist, journalist, literary and art critic, and politician.- Biography :Born in Bucharest, the son of Radu Pleşu, a surgeon and Zoe Pleşu , he spent much of his early youth in the country side... |
29 December 1997 | 22 December 1999 | Ciorbea I Ciorbea I Cabinet 1996–1998Coalition members: , , , , , and Prime Minister:*Victor Ciorbea/Gavril DejeuMinisters of State:*Mircea Ciumara*Ulm Spineanu*Gavril Dejeu*Adrian Severin*Victor Babiuc*Călin Popescu-Tăriceanu*Valeriu Stoica*Alexandru Athanasiu... Vasile I Vasile I Cabinet Radu Vasile's cabinet in Romania, 1998–1999Coalition members: , , , , , and Prime Minister:*Radu Vasile/Alexandru AthanasiuMinisters of State:*Victor Babiuc*Valeriu StoicaMinisters:*Valeriu Stoica *Victor Babiuc... |
Independent | |||
| 93 | Petre Roman Petre Roman Petre Roman is a Romanian politician and a former Prime Minister of Romania. He served from 1989 to 1991, when his government was overthrown by the intervention of the miners led by Miron Cozma. Roman is a member of the Club of Madrid, grouping 66 democratic former heads of state and government... |
22 December 1999 | 28 December 2000 | Isărescu I Isarescu I Cabinet 1999–2000Coalition members: , , , , and... |
PD | |||
| 94 | Mircea Geoană Mircea Geoana Dan Mircea Geoană is a Romanian politician, who served as president of the upper chamber of the Romanian Parliament, the Senate from December 20, 2008 until he was revoked by the senators on November 23, 2011. From 21 April 2005 until 21 February 2010 he was the head of the Partidul Social... |
28 December 2000 | 28 December 2004 | Năstase I Nastase I Cabinet 2000 – December 29, 2004Coalition members: , , and Prime Minister:*Adrian Năstase/Eugen BejinariuMinisters of State:*Alexandru Athanasiu*Ioan Rus*Marian Săniuţă*Dan Ioan Popescu*Ioan TalpeşMinisters:... |
Independent/PSD Social Democratic Party (Romania) The Social Democratic Party is the major social-democratic political party in Romania. It was formed in 1992, after the post-communist National Salvation Front broke apart. It adopted its present name after a merger with a minor social-democratic party in 2001. Since its formation, it has always... |
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| 95 | Mihai-Răzvan Ungureanu | 28 December 2004 | 21 March 2007 | Tăriceanu I Tariceanu I Cabinet The first Tăriceanu Cabinet was the cabinet of the government of Romania led by Călin Popescu-Tăriceanu between December 29, 2004 and April 5, 2007... |
PNL National Liberal Party (Romania) The National Liberal Party , abbreviated to PNL, is a centre-right liberal party in Romania. It is the third-largest party in the Romanian Parliament, with 53 seats in the Chamber of Deputies and 22 in the Senate: behind the centre-right Democratic Liberal Party and the centre-left Social... |
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| Călin Popescu-Tăriceanu Calin Popescu-Tariceanu Călin Constantin Anton Popescu-Tăriceanu is a Romanian politician. He was the Prime Minister of Romania between 29 December 2004 and 22 December 2008... |
21 March 2007 | 5 April 2007 | PNL National Liberal Party (Romania) The National Liberal Party , abbreviated to PNL, is a centre-right liberal party in Romania. It is the third-largest party in the Romanian Parliament, with 53 seats in the Chamber of Deputies and 22 in the Senate: behind the centre-right Democratic Liberal Party and the centre-left Social... |
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| 96 | Adrian Cioroianu Adrian Cioroianu Adrian Mihai Cioroianu is a Romanian historian, politician, journalist, and essayist. A lecturer for the History Department at the University of Bucharest, he is the author of several books dealing with Romanian history... |
5 April 2007 | 15 April 2008 | Tăriceanu II | PNL National Liberal Party (Romania) The National Liberal Party , abbreviated to PNL, is a centre-right liberal party in Romania. It is the third-largest party in the Romanian Parliament, with 53 seats in the Chamber of Deputies and 22 in the Senate: behind the centre-right Democratic Liberal Party and the centre-left Social... |
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| 97 | Lazăr Comănescu Lazar Comanescu Lazăr Comănescu is a Romanian diplomat. He was the Foreign Minister of Romania from April 15, 2008 until December 22, 2008.-External links:* * from Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Romania... |
15 April 2008 | 22 December 2008 | PNL National Liberal Party (Romania) The National Liberal Party , abbreviated to PNL, is a centre-right liberal party in Romania. It is the third-largest party in the Romanian Parliament, with 53 seats in the Chamber of Deputies and 22 in the Senate: behind the centre-right Democratic Liberal Party and the centre-left Social... |
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| 98 | Cristian Diaconescu Cristian Diaconescu Cristian Diaconescu is a Romanian jurist and politician. A member of the National Union for the Progress of Romania and formerly of the Social Democratic Party , he has sat in the Romanian Senate since 2004, representing Constanţa County from 2004 until 2008, and Bucharest since then... |
22 December 2008 | 1 October 2009 | Boc I Boc I Cabinet The first Boc Cabinet of the Government of Romania was composed of 20 ministers, listed below. It was sworn in on 22 December 2008, the same day it received the vote of confidence from the Parliament of Romania. It was a grand coalition government, formed by the PD-L and the PSD... |
PSD Social Democratic Party (Romania) The Social Democratic Party is the major social-democratic political party in Romania. It was formed in 1992, after the post-communist National Salvation Front broke apart. It adopted its present name after a merger with a minor social-democratic party in 2001. Since its formation, it has always... |
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| Cătălin Predoiu Catalin Predoiu Cătălin Marian Predoiu , is a Romanian lawyer. He has been the Minister of Justice of Romania since 29 February 2008.... |
1 October 2009 | 23 December 2009 | Independent | |||||
| 99 | Teodor Baconschi Teodor Baconschi Teodor Baconschi , is a Romanian politician. He is the current Minister of Foreign Affairs of Romania since December 2009.-Early years:Baconschi was born in Bucharest to the poet Anatol E. Baconsky and his wife Clara... |
23 December 2009 | Present | Boc IV | Independent | |||
Romania used the Julian calendar
Julian calendar
The Julian calendar began in 45 BC as a reform of the Roman calendar by Julius Caesar. It was chosen after consultation with the astronomer Sosigenes of Alexandria and was probably designed to approximate the tropical year .The Julian calendar has a regular year of 365 days divided into 12 months...
until 1919, but all dates are given in the Gregorian calendar
Gregorian calendar
The Gregorian calendar, also known as the Western calendar, or Christian calendar, is the internationally accepted civil calendar. It was introduced by Pope Gregory XIII, after whom the calendar was named, by a decree signed on 24 February 1582, a papal bull known by its opening words Inter...
.
The following party abbreviations are used:
| PNL = National Liberal Party National Liberal Party (Romania) The National Liberal Party , abbreviated to PNL, is a centre-right liberal party in Romania. It is the third-largest party in the Romanian Parliament, with 53 seats in the Chamber of Deputies and 22 in the Senate: behind the centre-right Democratic Liberal Party and the centre-left Social... |
PC = Conservative Party |
| PNR = Romanian National Party Romanian National Party The Romanian National Party , initially known as the Romanian National Party in Transylvania and Banat , was a political party which was initially designed to offer ethnic representation to Romanians in the Kingdom of Hungary, the Transleithanian half of Austria-Hungary, and especially to those in... |
PP = People's Party |
| PCD = Conservative-Democratic Party | PNŢ = National Peasants' Party National Peasants' Party The National Peasants' Party was a Romanian political party, formed in 1926 through the fusion of the Romanian National Party from Transylvania and the Peasants' Party . It was in power between 1928 and 1933, with brief interruptions... |
| PND = Democratic Nationalist Party | PNC = National Christian Party National Christian Party The National Christian Party was a Romanian political party, the product of a union between Octavian Goga's National Agrarian Party and A. C. Cuza's National-Christian Defense League; a prominent member of the party was the philosopher Nichifor Crainic... |
| FRN = National Renaissance Front National Renaissance Front The National Renaissance Front was a fascist Romanian political party created by King Carol II in 1938 as the single monopoly party of government following his decision to ban all other political parties and suspend the 1923 Constitution, and the passing of the 1938 Constitution of Romania... (from 1940 PN; Party of the Nation) |
FP = Ploughmen's Front Ploughmen's Front The Ploughmen's Front was a Romanian left-wing agrarian-inspired political organisation of ploughmen, founded at Deva in 1933 and led by Petru Groza. At its peak in 1946, the Front had over 1 million members.-History:... |
| PMR = Romanian Workers' Party Romanian Communist Party The Romanian Communist Party was a communist political party in Romania. Successor to the Bolshevik wing of the Socialist Party of Romania, it gave ideological endorsement to communist revolution and the disestablishment of Greater Romania. The PCR was a minor and illegal grouping for much of the... (from 1965 PCR; Romanian Communist Party) |
FSN = National Salvation Front |
| PDSR = Party of Social Democracy in Romania Social Democratic Party (Romania) The Social Democratic Party is the major social-democratic political party in Romania. It was formed in 1992, after the post-communist National Salvation Front broke apart. It adopted its present name after a merger with a minor social-democratic party in 2001. Since its formation, it has always... (from 2001 PSD; Social Democratic Party) |
PNŢCD = Christian-Democratic National Peasants' Party Christian-Democratic National Peasants' Party (Romania) The Christian-Democratic National Peasants' Party is a Romanian Christian-Democratic party... |
| PSDR = Romanian Social Democratic Party Romanian Social Democratic Party (defunct) The Romanian Social Democratic Party was a social-democratic political party in Romania. It published the magazine România Muncitoare, and later Socialismul, Lumea Nouă, and Libertatea.-Early party:... |
PD-L = Democratic Liberal Party Democratic Liberal Party (Romania) The Democratic Liberal Party is a populist, centre-right party in Romania. It was formed on 15 December 2007, when the Democratic Party merged with the Liberal Democratic Party. From 2004 to 2007, the Democratic Party was part of the governing Justice and Truth Alliance... |
| Mil. = Military | Ind. = Independent |
Additionally, the political stance of prime ministers prior to the development of a modern party system is given by C (Conservative), MC (Moderate Conservative), RL (Radical Liberal) and ML (Moderate Liberal). Interim officeholders are denoted by italics. For those who held office multiple times, their rank of service is given by a Roman numeral.