Milkilu
Encyclopedia
Milkilu, and more properly Milk-ilu, or Milku-ilu, with an alternate version of Ili-Milku-(letter 286, by Abdi-Heba
of Jerusalem), was the mayor/ruler of Gazru-(Gezer
) of the 1350-1335 BC Amarna letters
correspondence
. Adda-danu
, and Yapahu
were also mayors of Gazru.
Milk-ilu is the author of 5 Amarna letters to the pharaoh
of Egypt
, EA 267-271, (EA for 'el Amarna
'). One letter from the pharaoh to Milk-ilu is known.
for:
From the Ancient Egyptian pharaoh:
Discussions/Translations:
Abdi-Heba
Abdi-Heba was a local chieftain of Jerusalem during the Amarna period . Abdi-Heba's name can be translated as "servant of Hebat", a Hurrian goddess. Some scholars believe the correct reading is Ebed-Nob...
of Jerusalem), was the mayor/ruler of Gazru-(Gezer
Gezer
Gezer was a Canaanite city-state and biblical town in ancient Israel. Tel Gezer , an archaeological site midway between Jerusalem and Tel Aviv, is now an Israeli national park....
) of the 1350-1335 BC Amarna letters
Amarna letters
The Amarna letters are an archive of correspondence on clay tablets, mostly diplomatic, between the Egyptian administration and its representatives in Canaan and Amurru during the New Kingdom...
correspondence
Text corpus
In linguistics, a corpus or text corpus is a large and structured set of texts...
. Adda-danu
Adda-danu
Adda-danu was the 'mayor' of the city/city-state of Gazru- of the Amarna letters period, 1350-1335 BC. 'Adda' is the name of the Northwest Semitic god Hadad, and Adda-danu translates as: "Hadad Judge"...
, and Yapahu
Yapahu
Yapahu was a mayor/ruler of the city/city-state of Gazru of the 1350-1335 BC Amarna letters correspondence. Two other mayors of Gazru during the Amarna letters period, were Adda-danu and Milkilu....
were also mayors of Gazru.
Milk-ilu is the author of 5 Amarna letters to the pharaoh
Pharaoh
Pharaoh is a title used in many modern discussions of the ancient Egyptian rulers of all periods. The title originates in the term "pr-aa" which means "great house" and describes the royal palace...
of Egypt
Ancient Egypt
Ancient Egypt was an ancient civilization of Northeastern Africa, concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile River in what is now the modern country of Egypt. Egyptian civilization coalesced around 3150 BC with the political unification of Upper and Lower Egypt under the first pharaoh...
, EA 267-271, (EA for 'el Amarna
Amarna
Amarna is an extensive Egyptian archaeological site that represents the remains of the capital city newly–established and built by the Pharaoh Akhenaten of the late Eighteenth Dynasty , and abandoned shortly afterwards...
'). One letter from the pharaoh to Milk-ilu is known.
EA 369, to Milkilu: "From the Pharaoh to a vassal"
- "To Milkilu, the ruler of GazruGezerGezer was a Canaanite city-state and biblical town in ancient Israel. Tel Gezer , an archaeological site midway between Jerusalem and Tel Aviv, is now an Israeli national park....
: Thus the king. He herewith dispatches to you this tablet-(i.e. tablet-letter), saying to you, He herewith sends to you Hanya, the stable (overseer) of the archersArchers (Egyptian pítati)The Pítati were a contingent of archers in the Egyptian Empire, often requested and dispatched, to support the Egyptian vassalage in Canaan, or northern Canaan...
, along with everything for the acquisition of beautiful female cupbearerCup-bearerA cup-bearer was an officer of high rank in royal courts, whose duty it was to serve the drinks at the royal table. On account of the constant fear of plots and intrigues, a person must be regarded as thoroughly trustworthy to hold this position. He must guard against poison in the king's cup, and...
s: silverSilverSilver is a metallic chemical element with the chemical symbol Ag and atomic number 47. A soft, white, lustrous transition metal, it has the highest electrical conductivity of any element and the highest thermal conductivity of any metal...
, goldGoldGold is a chemical element with the symbol Au and an atomic number of 79. Gold is a dense, soft, shiny, malleable and ductile metal. Pure gold has a bright yellow color and luster traditionally considered attractive, which it maintains without oxidizing in air or water. Chemically, gold is a...
, linenLinenLinen is a textile made from the fibers of the flax plant, Linum usitatissimum. Linen is labor-intensive to manufacture, but when it is made into garments, it is valued for its exceptional coolness and freshness in hot weather....
garments: ma-al-ba-ši, carnelianCarnelianCarnelian is a brownish-red mineral which is commonly used as a semi-precious gemstone. Similar to carnelian is sard, which is generally harder and darker...
, all sorts of (precious) stoneGemstoneA gemstone or gem is a piece of mineral, which, in cut and polished form, is used to make jewelry or other adornments...
s, an ebonyEbonyEbony is a dense black wood, most commonly yielded by several species in the genus Diospyros, but ebony may also refer to other heavy, black woods from unrelated species. Ebony is dense enough to sink in water. Its fine texture, and very smooth finish when polished, make it valuable as an...
chair; all alike, fine things. Total (value): 160 diban. Total: 40 female cupbearers, 40 (shekelShekelShekel , is any of several ancient units of weight or of currency. The first usage is from Mesopotamia around 3000 BC. Initially, it may have referred to a weight of barley...
s of) silver being the price of a female cupbearer. Send extremely beautiful female cupbearers in whom there is no defect-(i.e. no guile in their heart), so the king, your lord, will say to you, "this is excellent, in accordance with the order he sent to you." And know that the king is hale like the Sun. For his troops, his ch[ariot]sChariotThe chariot is a type of horse carriage used in both peace and war as the chief vehicle of many ancient peoples. Ox carts, proto-chariots, were built by the Proto-Indo-Europeans and also built in Mesopotamia as early as 3000 BC. The original horse chariot was a fast, light, open, two wheeled...
, his horses, all goes very well. AmanAmunAmun, reconstructed Egyptian Yamānu , was a god in Egyptian mythology who in the form of Amun-Ra became the focus of the most complex system of theology in Ancient Egypt...
has indeed put the Upper LandUpper and Lower EgyptAncient Egypt was divided into two regions, namely Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt. To the north was Lower Egypt where the Nile stretched out with its several branches to form the Nile Delta. To the south was Upper Egypt, stretching to Syene. The two kingdoms of Upper and Lower Egypt were united c....
, the Lower LandUpper and Lower EgyptAncient Egypt was divided into two regions, namely Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt. To the north was Lower Egypt where the Nile stretched out with its several branches to form the Nile Delta. To the south was Upper Egypt, stretching to Syene. The two kingdoms of Upper and Lower Egypt were united c....
, where the sun rises, where the sun sets, under the feet of the king." -EA 369, lines 1-32 (complete)
EA 267, title: "Safe and sound"
- "[Sa]y [t]o the king, my lord, my [g]od, my Sun: Message of Milkilu, your servant, the dirt at your feet. I fall at the feetProstration formulaIn the 1350 BC correspondence of 382–letters, called the Amarna letters, the Prostration formula is usually the opening subservient remarks to the addressee, the Egyptian pharaoh. The formula is based on Prostration, namely reverence and submissiveness...
of the king, my lord, my god, my Sun, 7 times and 7 times. The order the king, my lord, my god, my Sun, dispatched to me–I am indeed carrying out for the king, my lord, the Sun from the sky. May the king, my lord, my god, my Sun, know that the place of the king, my lord where I am is safe and sound." -EA 267, lines 1-20 (complete)
EA 268, title: "A consignment of personnel"
- "Say [to] the ki[n]g, my [l]ord, [m]y g[o]d, my [S]un: Message of Milkilu, your servant, the [d]i[r]t at your feet. I fall at the feetProstration formulaIn the 1350 BC correspondence of 382–letters, called the Amarna letters, the Prostration formula is usually the opening subservient remarks to the addressee, the Egyptian pharaoh. The formula is based on Prostration, namely reverence and submissiveness...
of the king, my lord, my god, my Sun, 7 times and 7 times. May the k[ing], my [lor]d, know that [the city of the king, my lord], that [he put] i[n my] ch[arge], is safe and sound, [and] the word ... [...] [I sen]d [in the care o]f Hay[a] 46 female ... [...] and 5 male ... [...] and 5 ašīrūma to the king, my lord." -EA 268, lines 1-20, (complete, but with lacunaeLacuna (manuscripts)A lacunaPlural lacunae. From Latin lacūna , diminutive form of lacus . is a gap in a manuscript, inscription, text, painting, or a musical work...
)
Letter no. 4, and no. 5
See YanhamuYanhamu
Yanhamu, also Yenhamu, and Enhamu, was an Egyptian commissioner of the 1350-1335 BC Amarna letters correspondence.Yanhamu is referenced in 16 of the 60–letter "Rib-Hadda of Gubla"- sub-corpus, and also 12 additional letters....
for:
- No. 4 of 5, Title—"Extortion"
- No. 5 of 5, Title—"The power of the 'ApiruHabiruHabiru or Apiru or ˁpr.w was the name given by various Sumerian, Egyptian, Akkadian, Hittite, Mitanni, and Ugaritic sources to a group of people living as nomadic invaders in areas of the Fertile Crescent from Northeastern Mesopotamia and Iran to the borders of Egypt in Canaan...
"
List of Milkilu's letters
- Letter no. 1 of 5—EA 267, title: "Safe and sound"
- Letter no. 2 of 5—EA 268, title: "A consignment of personnel"
- Letter no. 3 of 5—EA 269, title: "ArcherArcheryArchery is the art, practice, or skill of propelling arrows with the use of a bow, from Latin arcus. Archery has historically been used for hunting and combat; in modern times, however, its main use is that of a recreational activity...
s and myrrhMyrrhMyrrh is the aromatic oleoresin of a number of small, thorny tree species of the genus Commiphora, which grow in dry, stony soil. An oleoresin is a natural blend of an essential oil and a resin. Myrrh resin is a natural gum....
" - Letter no. 4 of 5—EA 270, title: "Extortion"
- Letter no. 5 of 5—EA 271, title: "The power of the 'ApiruHabiruHabiru or Apiru or ˁpr.w was the name given by various Sumerian, Egyptian, Akkadian, Hittite, Mitanni, and Ugaritic sources to a group of people living as nomadic invaders in areas of the Fertile Crescent from Northeastern Mesopotamia and Iran to the borders of Egypt in Canaan...
"
From the Ancient Egyptian pharaoh:
- Letter no. 1 of 1—EA 369, title: "From the Pharaoh to a vassal"
See also
- YapahuYapahuYapahu was a mayor/ruler of the city/city-state of Gazru of the 1350-1335 BC Amarna letters correspondence. Two other mayors of Gazru during the Amarna letters period, were Adda-danu and Milkilu....
, Gazru mayor - Adda-danuAdda-danuAdda-danu was the 'mayor' of the city/city-state of Gazru- of the Amarna letters period, 1350-1335 BC. 'Adda' is the name of the Northwest Semitic god Hadad, and Adda-danu translates as: "Hadad Judge"...
, Gazru mayor - Amarna lettersAmarna lettersThe Amarna letters are an archive of correspondence on clay tablets, mostly diplomatic, between the Egyptian administration and its representatives in Canaan and Amurru during the New Kingdom...
- Amarna letters–phrases and quotationsAmarna letters–phrases and quotationsAmarna letters–phrases and quotations is an article for the 1350 BC Amarna letters, the correspondence to the pharaohs of Egypt.Of the 382 Amarna letters, many are direct in describing the conditions of the author in their local regions...
- EndarutaEndarutaEndaruta was the ruler of Achshaph-, in the 1350-1335 BC Amarna letters correspondence. Endaruta was the author of EA 223, , of the letters. He is only referenced in two other letters EA 366 and 367, but EA 367, entitled: "From the Pharaoh to a vassal" is addressed to Endaruta, with instructions...
, note on phrasing: "The king is Hale like the Sun, etc."
Amarna letters (photos)
King of Babylon:
Tushratta Tushratta Tushratta was a king of Mitanni at the end of the reign of Amenhotep III and throughout the reign of Akhenaten -- approximately the late 14th century BC. He was the son of Shuttarna II... :
Rib-Hadda letters:
Abi-Milku:
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Abdi-Tirši:
Biridiya Biridiya Biridiya was the ruler of Megiddo in the 14th century BC. Biridiya authored five of the Amarna letters correspondence. He is also mentioned in the corpus from the city of 'Kumidu', the Kamid al lawz.-See also:... :
Labaya:
Others:
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External links
Letter pictures:Discussions/Translations:
- EA 369: British Museum-('Totally' varied translation(?)): EA 369, British Museum; http://www.reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/amarnaletters.htmOther transl at/ Brit. Mus.British MuseumThe British Museum is a museum of human history and culture in London. Its collections, which number more than seven million objects, are amongst the largest and most comprehensive in the world and originate from all continents, illustrating and documenting the story of human culture from its...
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