Metacommunicative competence
Encyclopedia
Metacommunicative competence is the ability to intervene (in a guiding or constructively controlling way) within difficult conversation
s and to correct communication problem
s by utilizing the different ways of practical communication:
Within the metacommunicative competence the aforementioned ways of communication can be used in a balanced and therefore credible, authentic way as well as simultaneously observed (Meta-analysis
), if necessary corrected and adapted to an evolvement, a new influence
or a new situation.
When metacommunicating, you are trying to constructively control the situation. Within metacommunicative competence you are trying to find a way of analyzing conversations to avoid and correct problems. Many authors have come up with theories that help to do the same things and correct communication problems, such as David Morley’s, “Communication”, A revised vocabulary of culture and society. In Morley’s essay he states that, “Communication refers to the activity of imparting, or transmitting messages containing, information, ideas, or knowledge is known as interpersonal communication or the idea of conversation.” This relates back to metacommunication because you need to be able to analyze the content of the communication process. When communicating we have two models we use. These models are called standard or transmission and constructionist. It’s easier to think of these models, such as the standard or transmission, which means just sending and receiving messages, and the constructionist, as the screening process, and then to communicate is actually determining what the message is. When metacommunicating you are basically using the constructionist model of communication, the screening process, to screen out all the messages that could possibly be conveyed during communication and using that to figure out what the message being conveyed to you actually is. In Daniel Chandler’s essay, “The Transmission Model of Communication”, he states “that there is no allowance for interpretation, differing purposes, unequal power relations, and situational context”, In reality there must always be room for this and within metacommunicative competence, you learn how and when this can be a really effective way to do so.
Bennett, Tony, Lawrence Grossberg, and Meaghan Morris. "Communication”, New Keywords:
A Revised Vocabulary of Culture and Society. Blackwell (2005): 47-50.
Chandler, Daniel. "The Transmission Model of Communication." UWA (1994):
.
Conversation
Conversation is a form of interactive, spontaneous communication between two or more people who are following rules of etiquette.Conversation analysis is a branch of sociology which studies the structure and organization of human interaction, with a more specific focus on conversational...
s and to correct communication problem
Problem
A problem is an obstacle, impediment, difficulty or challenge, or any situation that invites resolution; the resolution of which is recognized as a solution or contribution toward a known purpose or goal...
s by utilizing the different ways of practical communication:
- verbal communication: by wordWordIn language, a word is the smallest free form that may be uttered in isolation with semantic or pragmatic content . This contrasts with a morpheme, which is the smallest unit of meaning but will not necessarily stand on its own...
s or their meaning - paraverbal communication: loudnessLoudnessLoudness is the quality of a sound that is primarily a psychological correlate of physical strength . More formally, it is defined as "that attribute of auditory sensation in terms of which sounds can be ordered on a scale extending from quiet to loud."Loudness, a subjective measure, is often...
of speakSpeak-Music:* Speak , the Hungarian rap artist and internet phenomenon famous for his anti-war video* Speak , the debut album by the actress Lindsay Lohan* Speak , a compilation album by No-Man...
ing, manner of speaking, when keeping silent, meaning of interruptInterruptIn computing, an interrupt is an asynchronous signal indicating the need for attention or a synchronous event in software indicating the need for a change in execution....
ing or interfering the conversation - nonverbal communicationNonverbal communicationNonverbal communication is usually understood as the process of communication through sending and receiving wordless messages. Messages can be communicated through gestures and touch , by body language or posture, by facial expression and eye contact...
: body languageBody languageBody language is a form of non-verbal communication, which consists of body posture, gestures, facial expressions, and eye movements. Humans send and interpret such signals almost entirely subconsciously....
(facial expressionFacial expressionA facial expression one or more motions or positions of the muscles in the skin. These movements convey the emotional state of the individual to observers. Facial expressions are a form of nonverbal communication. They are a primary means of conveying social information among humans, but also occur...
, eye contactEye contactEye contact is a meeting of the eyes between two individuals.In human beings, eye contact is a form of nonverbal communication and is thought to have a large influence on social behavior. Coined in the early to mid-1960s, the term has come in the West to often define the act as a meaningful and...
, gestureGestureA gesture is a form of non-verbal communication in which visible bodily actions communicate particular messages, either in place of speech or together and in parallel with spoken words. Gestures include movement of the hands, face, or other parts of the body...
s), messages without words - extraverbal communication: timeTimeTime is a part of the measuring system used to sequence events, to compare the durations of events and the intervals between them, and to quantify rates of change such as the motions of objects....
, placeLocation (geography)The terms location and place in geography are used to identify a point or an area on the Earth's surface or elsewhere. The term 'location' generally implies a higher degree of can certainty than "place" which often has an ambiguous boundary relying more on human/social attributes of place identity...
, context, orientation towards target groupTarget GroupTarget Group is a provider of software and outsourcing solutions to financial services and insurance companies. It specialises in delivering business solutions to the following markets: loans and mortgages, investments, general insurance, utilities and finance brokers.Target operates...
s, tactile (feeling by touching) and olfactory (smelling) aspects
Within the metacommunicative competence the aforementioned ways of communication can be used in a balanced and therefore credible, authentic way as well as simultaneously observed (Meta-analysis
Meta-analysis
In statistics, a meta-analysis combines the results of several studies that address a set of related research hypotheses. In its simplest form, this is normally by identification of a common measure of effect size, for which a weighted average might be the output of a meta-analyses. Here the...
), if necessary corrected and adapted to an evolvement, a new influence
Influence
Influence may refer to:In science and technology:*Sphere of influence , the region around a celestial body in which it is the primary gravitational influence on orbiting objects...
or a new situation.
When metacommunicating, you are trying to constructively control the situation. Within metacommunicative competence you are trying to find a way of analyzing conversations to avoid and correct problems. Many authors have come up with theories that help to do the same things and correct communication problems, such as David Morley’s, “Communication”, A revised vocabulary of culture and society. In Morley’s essay he states that, “Communication refers to the activity of imparting, or transmitting messages containing, information, ideas, or knowledge is known as interpersonal communication or the idea of conversation.” This relates back to metacommunication because you need to be able to analyze the content of the communication process. When communicating we have two models we use. These models are called standard or transmission and constructionist. It’s easier to think of these models, such as the standard or transmission, which means just sending and receiving messages, and the constructionist, as the screening process, and then to communicate is actually determining what the message is. When metacommunicating you are basically using the constructionist model of communication, the screening process, to screen out all the messages that could possibly be conveyed during communication and using that to figure out what the message being conveyed to you actually is. In Daniel Chandler’s essay, “The Transmission Model of Communication”, he states “that there is no allowance for interpretation, differing purposes, unequal power relations, and situational context”, In reality there must always be room for this and within metacommunicative competence, you learn how and when this can be a really effective way to do so.
Bennett, Tony, Lawrence Grossberg, and Meaghan Morris. "Communication”, New Keywords:
A Revised Vocabulary of Culture and Society. Blackwell (2005): 47-50.
Chandler, Daniel. "The Transmission Model of Communication." UWA (1994):
See also
- CommunicationCommunicationCommunication is the activity of conveying meaningful information. Communication requires a sender, a message, and an intended recipient, although the receiver need not be present or aware of the sender's intent to communicate at the time of communication; thus communication can occur across vast...
, Communication theoryCommunication theoryCommunication theory is a field of information and mathematics that studies the technical process of information and the human process of human communication.- History :- Origins :... - Interpersonal communicationInterpersonal communicationInterpersonal communication is usually defined by communication scholars in numerous ways, usually describing participants who are dependent upon one another. It...
, InteractionInteractionInteraction is a kind of action that occurs as two or more objects have an effect upon one another. The idea of a two-way effect is essential in the concept of interaction, as opposed to a one-way causal effect... - Intercultural competenceIntercultural competenceIntercultural competence is the ability of successful communication with people of other cultures.A person who is interculturally competent captures and understands, in interaction with people from foreign cultures, their specific concepts in perception, thinking, feeling and acting...
, Intercultural relationsIntercultural relationsIntercultural relations is a relatively new formal field of social science studies. It deals with the ability to get along with others, especially those from a different cultural background.Some of the main topics of study are:...
, Cross-cultural communicationCross-cultural communicationCross-cultural communication is a field of study that looks at how people from differing cultural backgrounds communicate, in similar and different ways among themselves, and how they endeavour to communicate across cultures.- Origins :The Cold War, the United States economy... - KinesicsKinesicsKinesics is the interpretation of body language such as facial expressions and gestures — or, more formally, non-verbal behavior related to movement, either of any part of the body or the body as a whole.-Birdwhistell's work:...
, ProxemicsProxemicsProxemics is the study of measurable distances between people as they interact. The term was introduced by anthropologist Edward T. Hall in 1966... - PerceptionPerceptionPerception is the process of attaining awareness or understanding of the environment by organizing and interpreting sensory information. All perception involves signals in the nervous system, which in turn result from physical stimulation of the sense organs...
, SenseSenseSenses are physiological capacities of organisms that provide inputs for perception. The senses and their operation, classification, and theory are overlapping topics studied by a variety of fields, most notably neuroscience, cognitive psychology , and philosophy of perception... - Sign languageSign languageA sign language is a language which, instead of acoustically conveyed sound patterns, uses visually transmitted sign patterns to convey meaning—simultaneously combining hand shapes, orientation and movement of the hands, arms or body, and facial expressions to fluidly express a speaker's...