Max Saenger
Encyclopedia
Max Saenger (March 14, 1853, Bayreuth  January 12, 1903, Prague
Prague
Prague is the capital and largest city of the Czech Republic. Situated in the north-west of the country on the Vltava river, the city is home to about 1.3 million people, while its metropolitan area is estimated to have a population of over 2.3 million...

) was a German
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...

 obstetrician and gynecologist who was a native of Bayreuth.

He studied medicine at the University of Leipzig
University of Leipzig
The University of Leipzig , located in Leipzig in the Free State of Saxony, Germany, is one of the oldest universities in the world and the second-oldest university in Germany...

, and continued his graduate studies in OB/GYN and pathology
Pathology
Pathology is the precise study and diagnosis of disease. The word pathology is from Ancient Greek , pathos, "feeling, suffering"; and , -logia, "the study of". Pathologization, to pathologize, refers to the process of defining a condition or behavior as pathological, e.g. pathological gambling....

 under Carl Siegmund Franz Credé
Carl Siegmund Franz Credé
Carl Siegmund Franz Credé was a German gynecologist and obstetrician who was a native of Berlin. In 1842 he received his doctorate from the University of Berlin. In 1852 he became director of the "Berlin School of Midwives" and chief physician of the maternity division at the Berlin Charité...

 (1819–1892). He later became a professor of obstetrics and gynecology at Leipzig
Leipzig
Leipzig Leipzig has always been a trade city, situated during the time of the Holy Roman Empire at the intersection of the Via Regia and Via Imperii, two important trade routes. At one time, Leipzig was one of the major European centres of learning and culture in fields such as music and publishing...

, and in 1890 was appointed professor of OB/GYN at the German University in Prague. In 1894 he co-founded the journal Monatsschrift für Geburtshilfe und Gynäkologie.

In 1882 he introduced the practice of sutural closure of the uterus
Uterus
The uterus or womb is a major female hormone-responsive reproductive sex organ of most mammals including humans. One end, the cervix, opens into the vagina, while the other is connected to one or both fallopian tubes, depending on the species...

 following Caesarean section
Caesarean section
A Caesarean section, is a surgical procedure in which one or more incisions are made through a mother's abdomen and uterus to deliver one or more babies, or, rarely, to remove a dead fetus...

 operations. The previous autumn, Ferdinand Adolf Kehrer
Ferdinand Adolf Kehrer
Ferdinand Adolf Kehrer was a German gynecologist who was a native of Guntersblum in Rhenish Hesse. He was the father of neurologist Ferdinand Adalbert Kehrer ....

 performed the first lower segment Caesarean section in Europe. Sänger's contribution helped reduce infection and preserved the mother's uterus. Afterwards, Kehrer and other surgeon
Surgeon
In medicine, a surgeon is a specialist in surgery. Surgery is a broad category of invasive medical treatment that involves the cutting of a body, whether human or animal, for a specific reason such as the removal of diseased tissue or to repair a tear or breakage...

s adopted Sänger's methodology.

Sänger used silver and silk thread as suture material. Silver sutures had been introduced into medicine by the American gynecologist James Marion Sims.

Terminology

  • Saenger's suture: the closure of the uterine
    Uterus
    The uterus or womb is a major female hormone-responsive reproductive sex organ of most mammals including humans. One end, the cervix, opens into the vagina, while the other is connected to one or both fallopian tubes, depending on the species...

     wound in caesarean section
    Caesarean section
    A Caesarean section, is a surgical procedure in which one or more incisions are made through a mother's abdomen and uterus to deliver one or more babies, or, rarely, to remove a dead fetus...

     by eight or ten deep silver wire sutures, and the use of twenty or more superficial stitches taken through the peritoneum
    Peritoneum
    The peritoneum is the serous membrane that forms the lining of the abdominal cavity or the coelom — it covers most of the intra-abdominal organs — in amniotes and some invertebrates...

    .
  • Saenger's operation: Cesarean section followed by careful closure of the uterine wound by three tiers of sutures. Also described as a caesarean section in which the uterus is taken out through a long abdominal cut before the fetus
    Fetus
    A fetus is a developing mammal or other viviparous vertebrate after the embryonic stage and before birth.In humans, the fetal stage of prenatal development starts at the beginning of the 11th week in gestational age, which is the 9th week after fertilization.-Etymology and spelling variations:The...

    is removed.
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