Marian Lalewicz
Encyclopedia
Marian Lalewicz - was a Polish
architect
and one of the main proponents of Academic classicism in interwar Poland.
, Norway
, Germany
, Austria
and Italy
. Until 1917 he taught History of Art
and History of Architecture
in Saint Petersburg schools, while at the same time designing various buildings in Moscow and Saint Petersburg. After World War I
he moved back to newly independent Poland
. Between 1925 and 1927 he was the dean
of the Architecture Department at the Warsaw Polytechnic, and between 1935-1938 a rector
. He was active in various social organizations dedicated to the preservation of historic buildings.
. Under German occupation he was a teacher at one of the secret universities
(all education past primary school for Poles had been banned by the Nazis). He was expelled by the Germans from his home in 1943.
Lalewicz was executed during the Warsaw Uprising
by German units, in the Mass murder on Dzika street
on August 21, 1944. A symbolic grave was erected after the war at Warsaw's Powązki Cemetery
(244-I-29).
Poles
thumb|right|180px|The state flag of [[Poland]] as used by Polish government and diplomatic authoritiesThe Polish people, or Poles , are a nation indigenous to Poland. They are united by the Polish language, which belongs to the historical Lechitic subgroup of West Slavic languages of Central Europe...
architect
Architect
An architect is a person trained in the planning, design and oversight of the construction of buildings. To practice architecture means to offer or render services in connection with the design and construction of a building, or group of buildings and the space within the site surrounding the...
and one of the main proponents of Academic classicism in interwar Poland.
Early life and studies
Lalewicz finished a gimnazjum in Suwałki in 1895. He then studied architecture at the Academy of Fine Arts in Saint-Petersburg, from which he graduated in 1901. He continued his studies in SwedenSweden
Sweden , officially the Kingdom of Sweden , is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden borders with Norway and Finland and is connected to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund....
, Norway
Norway
Norway , officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic unitary constitutional monarchy whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula, Jan Mayen, and the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard and Bouvet Island. Norway has a total area of and a population of about 4.9 million...
, Germany
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
, Austria
Austria
Austria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country of roughly 8.4 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the...
and Italy
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
. Until 1917 he taught History of Art
History of art
The History of art refers to visual art which may be defined as any activity or product made by humans in a visual form for aesthetical or communicative purposes, expressing ideas, emotions or, in general, a worldview...
and History of Architecture
History of architecture
The history of architecture traces the changes in architecture through various traditions, regions, overarching stylistic trends, and dates.-Neolithic architecture:Neolithic architecture is the architecture of the Neolithic period...
in Saint Petersburg schools, while at the same time designing various buildings in Moscow and Saint Petersburg. After World War I
World War I
World War I , which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918...
he moved back to newly independent Poland
Second Polish Republic
The Second Polish Republic, Second Commonwealth of Poland or interwar Poland refers to Poland between the two world wars; a period in Polish history in which Poland was restored as an independent state. Officially known as the Republic of Poland or the Commonwealth of Poland , the Polish state was...
. Between 1925 and 1927 he was the dean
Dean (education)
In academic administration, a dean is a person with significant authority over a specific academic unit, or over a specific area of concern, or both...
of the Architecture Department at the Warsaw Polytechnic, and between 1935-1938 a rector
Rector
The word rector has a number of different meanings; it is widely used to refer to an academic, religious or political administrator...
. He was active in various social organizations dedicated to the preservation of historic buildings.
World war II
After the Nazi invasion of Poland, Lalewicz served as a director of the emergency medical services (Pogotwie Techniczne) during the Siege of WarsawSiege of Warsaw (1939)
The 1939 Battle of Warsaw was fought between the Polish Warsaw Army garrisoned and entrenched in the capital of Poland and the German Army...
. Under German occupation he was a teacher at one of the secret universities
Education in Poland during World War II
This article covers the topic of underground education in Poland during World War II. Secret learning prepared new cadres for the post-war reconstruction of Poland and countered the German and Soviet threat to exterminate the Polish culture....
(all education past primary school for Poles had been banned by the Nazis). He was expelled by the Germans from his home in 1943.
Lalewicz was executed during the Warsaw Uprising
Warsaw Uprising
The Warsaw Uprising was a major World War II operation by the Polish resistance Home Army , to liberate Warsaw from Nazi Germany. The rebellion was timed to coincide with the Soviet Union's Red Army approaching the eastern suburbs of the city and the retreat of German forces...
by German units, in the Mass murder on Dzika street
Mass murder on Dzika street
The mass murder on Dzika street was a war crime committed by German troops against Polish civilians during World War II, amidst the Warsaw Uprising on August 21, 1944. The execution took place in the yard of a housing block on Dzika 17 street...
on August 21, 1944. A symbolic grave was erected after the war at Warsaw's Powązki Cemetery
Powazki Cemetery
Powązki Cemetery , also known as the Stare Powązki is a historic cemetery located in the Wola district, western part of Warsaw, Poland. It is the most famous cemetery in the city, and one of the oldest...
(244-I-29).
In Russia
- Palace of M.K. Pokotilov in Saint-Petersburg (1909).
- F.L. Mertens department store building in Saint-Petersburg (1911–1912).
- Cinema/theater „Parisiana” in Saint-Petersburg (1913–1914).
- Administrative building of the Russo-American Manufacturing Firm "Treugol’nik" in Moscow (1916).