Mammad Hasan Hajinski
Encyclopedia
Mammad Hasan Jafargulu oglu Hajinski was an Azerbaijani
architect and statesman. He also served as a Minister for Foreign Affairs of Azerbaijan Democratic Republic
(ADR) and the last Prime Minister of ADR.
Technical School in 1902 with an engineering degree. He worked at construction of a Russian oil refinery being built by Azerbaijani businessman Shamsi Abdullayev before he moved back to Azerbaijan and was appointed the director of construction department of Baku municipality. During the time he held this position, he made significant contributions to architectural improvements of Baku
. Under his management, construction of Baku Seaside Boulevard
gained a new impetus in 1910, when at his insistence, the Municipal Parliament passed a bill allocating 60,000 rubles for improvements. One of notable designers employed by Hajinski was Adolph Eykler, the German architect who designed Baku's German Lutheran Church
. The project was successfully completed in 1911. In 1913, he headed the municipality for a brief period of time.
of 1917. He also actively participated in establishment and operations of the Hummet newspaper. On March 22, 1917 Interim Executive Committee of Muslim Council was established and Hajinski was appointed its chairman. He participated in Baku summit of Caucasian
Muslims and later in Moscow summit of Russian Muslims in May of the same year. He was subsequently elected a deputy to Russian parliament from Azerbaijan. On November 15, 1917, he was appointed deputy Commissar
of Industry and Trade (Mammad Yusif Jafarov
) of Transcaucasian Commissariat
and from April 22, 1918 he served as the Minister of Industry and Trade of Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic
.
(ADR) was proclaimed, Hajinski was appointed the Minister of Foreign Affairs within the new Cabinet of Azerbaijan
established by Prime Minister Fatali Khan Khoyski
and held the office until October 6, 1918. When the second government of ADR was formed, he was appointed the Minister of Internal Affairs of Azerbaijan
and worked in the position until February 15, 1920. As the Foreign Minister, on June 4, 1918 Hajinski along with Mammed Amin Rasulzade
signed a contract with the Turkish government on provision of military assistance to Azerbaijan.
On April 1, 1920 Hajinski was put in charge of forming the new cabinet of ADR
. Intending to establish a coalition government he held negotiations with all fractions in the Azerbaijani Parliament
including the Bolsheviks. By inviting the Bolsheviks to the new government, Hajinski hoped to slow down the advance of 11th Red Army which was already near the Samur bridge
, on the Azerbaijani-Russian border and have the detachments of Azerbaijani Army relocate to Baku. Most of the Azerbaijani army units were on the frontline in Mountanous Karabakh
fighting the Dashnak uprising. On April 22, Bolsheviks rejected Hajinski's offer and he notified the acting speaker of the National Assembly, Mammad Yusif Jafarov that the government was in no position to be formed. At the same time, Hajinski left the ranks of Musavat party and officially joined the Bolshevik Party. With the invasion of the Red Army on April 28, 1920 Azerbaijan Democratic Republic ceased to exist.
, then the first secretary of the Trancaucasian region. After being tortured, Hajinski died on February 9, 1931 in a Tiflis prison.
Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan , officially the Republic of Azerbaijan is the largest country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia. Located at the crossroads of Western Asia and Eastern Europe, it is bounded by the Caspian Sea to the east, Russia to the north, Georgia to the northwest, Armenia to the west, and Iran to...
architect and statesman. He also served as a Minister for Foreign Affairs of Azerbaijan Democratic Republic
Azerbaijan Democratic Republic
The Azerbaijan Democratic Republic was the first successful attempt to establish a democratic and secular republic in the Muslim world . The ADR was founded on May 28, 1918 after the collapse of the Russian Empire that began with the Russian Revolution of 1917 by Azerbaijani National Council in...
(ADR) and the last Prime Minister of ADR.
Early life
Hajinski was born on March 3, 1875. He graduated from Baku Realny School and then PeterburgSaint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea...
Technical School in 1902 with an engineering degree. He worked at construction of a Russian oil refinery being built by Azerbaijani businessman Shamsi Abdullayev before he moved back to Azerbaijan and was appointed the director of construction department of Baku municipality. During the time he held this position, he made significant contributions to architectural improvements of Baku
Baku
Baku , sometimes spelled as Baki or Bakou, is the capital and largest city of Azerbaijan, as well as the largest city on the Caspian Sea and of the Caucasus region. It is located on the southern shore of the Absheron Peninsula, which projects into the Caspian Sea. The city consists of two principal...
. Under his management, construction of Baku Seaside Boulevard
Baku Boulevard
Baku Boulevard is a promenade that runs parallel to Baku's seafront. Its history goes back more than 100 years, to a time when Baku oil barons built their mansions along the Caspian shore and when the seafront was artificially built up inch by inch.-Location:...
gained a new impetus in 1910, when at his insistence, the Municipal Parliament passed a bill allocating 60,000 rubles for improvements. One of notable designers employed by Hajinski was Adolph Eykler, the German architect who designed Baku's German Lutheran Church
Church of the Saviour, Baku
The Church of the Saviour is a Lutheran church in Baku, Azerbaijan , built with donations by parishioner Adolf Eichler and consecrated on March 14, 1899. It is now a Ministry of Culture concert hall. The Gothic style church features a portal crowned with a decorated pediment...
. The project was successfully completed in 1911. In 1913, he headed the municipality for a brief period of time.
Political career
Having secretly joined Musavat party in 1911, Hajinski started his open political activities after Russia's February RevolutionFebruary Revolution
The February Revolution of 1917 was the first of two revolutions in Russia in 1917. Centered around the then capital Petrograd in March . Its immediate result was the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II, the end of the Romanov dynasty, and the end of the Russian Empire...
of 1917. He also actively participated in establishment and operations of the Hummet newspaper. On March 22, 1917 Interim Executive Committee of Muslim Council was established and Hajinski was appointed its chairman. He participated in Baku summit of Caucasian
Caucasus
The Caucasus, also Caucas or Caucasia , is a geopolitical region at the border of Europe and Asia, and situated between the Black and the Caspian sea...
Muslims and later in Moscow summit of Russian Muslims in May of the same year. He was subsequently elected a deputy to Russian parliament from Azerbaijan. On November 15, 1917, he was appointed deputy Commissar
Commissar
Commissar is the English transliteration of an official title used in Russia from the time of Peter the Great.The title was used during the Provisional Government for regional heads of administration, but it is mostly associated with a number of Cheka and military functions in Bolshevik and Soviet...
of Industry and Trade (Mammad Yusif Jafarov
Mammad Yusif Jafarov
-Early life:Jafarov was born was born on March 14, in Baku, Azerbaijan. He was the younger brother of a prominent professor and journalist, Ali Isgender Jafarzadeh. After completion of his secondary education, Jafarov studied in at Moscow State University graduating with a cum laude degree in law...
) of Transcaucasian Commissariat
Transcaucasian Commissariat
The Transcaucasian Commissariat was established at Tbilisi on November 11, 1917, as the first government of the independent Transcaucasia and following the Bolshevik seizure of power in St...
and from April 22, 1918 he served as the Minister of Industry and Trade of Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic
Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic
The Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic , was a short-lived state composed of the modern-day countries of Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia in the South Caucasus.-...
.
Azerbaijan Democratic Republic
On May 28, 1918, when Azerbaijan Democratic RepublicAzerbaijan Democratic Republic
The Azerbaijan Democratic Republic was the first successful attempt to establish a democratic and secular republic in the Muslim world . The ADR was founded on May 28, 1918 after the collapse of the Russian Empire that began with the Russian Revolution of 1917 by Azerbaijani National Council in...
(ADR) was proclaimed, Hajinski was appointed the Minister of Foreign Affairs within the new Cabinet of Azerbaijan
Cabinet of Azerbaijan
The Cabinet of Azerbaijan is the chief executive body of the Republic of Azerbaijan.-The Executive Power:The President of the Republic of Azerbaijan is the head of state....
established by Prime Minister Fatali Khan Khoyski
Fatali Khan Khoyski
Fatali Khan Khoyski Isgender oglu was an attorney, a member of the Second State Duma of the Russian Empire, Minister of Internal Affairs, Minister of Defense and, later the first Prime Minister of the independent Azerbaijan Democratic Republic.-Early life:Khoyski was born on December 7, 1875 in...
and held the office until October 6, 1918. When the second government of ADR was formed, he was appointed the Minister of Internal Affairs of Azerbaijan
Minister of Internal Affairs (Azerbaijan)
The Ministry of Internal Affairs of Azerbaijan is an Azerbaijani government ministry for internal affairs, which is responsible for keeping the order, security and safety of population, officials, buildings and structures in the country...
and worked in the position until February 15, 1920. As the Foreign Minister, on June 4, 1918 Hajinski along with Mammed Amin Rasulzade
Mammed Amin Rasulzade
Mammad Amin Rasulzade was an Azerbaijani statesman, scholar, public figure and one of the founding political leaders of Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan...
signed a contract with the Turkish government on provision of military assistance to Azerbaijan.
On April 1, 1920 Hajinski was put in charge of forming the new cabinet of ADR
Cabinet of Azerbaijan
The Cabinet of Azerbaijan is the chief executive body of the Republic of Azerbaijan.-The Executive Power:The President of the Republic of Azerbaijan is the head of state....
. Intending to establish a coalition government he held negotiations with all fractions in the Azerbaijani Parliament
National Assembly of Azerbaijan
The National Assembly , also transliterated as Milli Majlis is the legislative branch of government in Azerbaijan. The unicameral National Assembly has 125 deputies: previously 100 members were elected for five-year terms in single-seat constituencies and 25 were members elected by proportional...
including the Bolsheviks. By inviting the Bolsheviks to the new government, Hajinski hoped to slow down the advance of 11th Red Army which was already near the Samur bridge
Samur, Azerbaijan
Samur is a village and municipality in the Qusar Rayon of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 2,388 and is named after the river which forms the Azerbaijan-Russia frontier. Samur is itself the nearest village to the SDK border crossing where the M1 highway crosses into Russia...
, on the Azerbaijani-Russian border and have the detachments of Azerbaijani Army relocate to Baku. Most of the Azerbaijani army units were on the frontline in Mountanous Karabakh
Nagorno-Karabakh
Nagorno-Karabakh is a landlocked region in the South Caucasus, lying between Lower Karabakh and Zangezur and covering the southeastern range of the Lesser Caucasus mountains...
fighting the Dashnak uprising. On April 22, Bolsheviks rejected Hajinski's offer and he notified the acting speaker of the National Assembly, Mammad Yusif Jafarov that the government was in no position to be formed. At the same time, Hajinski left the ranks of Musavat party and officially joined the Bolshevik Party. With the invasion of the Red Army on April 28, 1920 Azerbaijan Democratic Republic ceased to exist.
Soviet Azerbaijan
During the Soviet rule, Hajinski worked in the Agricultural Council of Azerbaijan. From 1923 on, he served as deputy chairman of Transcaucasian State Planning Committee. He was later arrested on the order of Lavrentiy BeriaLavrentiy Beria
Lavrentiy Pavlovich Beria was a Georgian Soviet politician and state security administrator, chief of the Soviet security and secret police apparatus under Joseph Stalin during World War II, and Deputy Premier in the postwar years ....
, then the first secretary of the Trancaucasian region. After being tortured, Hajinski died on February 9, 1931 in a Tiflis prison.
Works
In 1912, Hajinski authored a book on architectural improvements of Baku published by the Baku local municipality.See also
- Minister of Foreign Affairs of Azerbaijan
- Azerbaijan Democratic RepublicAzerbaijan Democratic RepublicThe Azerbaijan Democratic Republic was the first successful attempt to establish a democratic and secular republic in the Muslim world . The ADR was founded on May 28, 1918 after the collapse of the Russian Empire that began with the Russian Revolution of 1917 by Azerbaijani National Council in...
- Azerbaijani National CouncilAzerbaijani National CouncilAzerbaijani National Council was the first delegated legislative body of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic from 27 May 1918 to 17 June 1918 and again from 16 November 1918 to 3 December 1918...