List of reptiles and amphibians in Gibraltar

This is a list of the reptile and amphibian species recorded in Gibraltar. There are 25 reptile

Reptile

Reptiles are members of a class of air-breathing, ectothermic vertebrates which are characterized by laying shelled eggs , and having skin covered in scales and/or scutes. They are tetrapods, either having four limbs or being descended from four-limbed ancestors...

species and 5 amphibian

Amphibian

Amphibians , are a class of vertebrate animals including animals such as toads, frogs, caecilians, and salamanders. They are characterized as non-amniote ectothermic tetrapods...

species in Gibraltar

Gibraltar

Gibraltar is a British overseas territory located on the southern end of the Iberian Peninsula at the entrance of the Mediterranean. A peninsula with an area of , it has a northern border with Andalusia, Spain. The Rock of Gibraltar is the major landmark of the region...

, of which 1 is critically endangered, 2 are endangered, 1 is vulnerable, and 3 are near-threatened.

The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed by the IUCN

World Conservation Union

The International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources is an international organization dedicated to finding "pragmatic solutions to our most pressing environment and development challenges." The organization publishes the IUCN Red List, compiling information from a network of...

EX	Extinct	No reasonable doubt that the last individual has died.
EW	Extinct in the wild	Known only to survive in captivity or as a naturalized populations well outside its previous range.
CR	Critically Endangered	The species is in imminent risk of extinction in the wild.
EN	Endangered	The species is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild.
VU	Vulnerable	The species is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild.
NT	Near Threatened	The species does not meet any of the criteria that would categorise it as risking extinction but it is likely to do so in the future.
LC	Least Concern	There are no current identifiable risks to the species.
DD	Data Deficient	There is inadequate information to make an assessment of the risks to this species.

Some species were assessed using an earlier set of criteria. Species assessed using this system have the following instead of Near Threatened and Least Concern categories:

LR/cd	Lower Risk/conservation dependent	Species which were the focus of conservation programmes and may have moved into a higher risk category if that programme was discontinued.
LR/nt	Lower Risk/near threatened	Species which are close to being classified as Vulnerable but are not the subject of conservation programmes.
LR/lc	Lower Risk/least concern	Species for which there are no identifiable risks.

Order: Caudata (salamanders)

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Family: Salamandridae
Salamandridae
Salamandridae is a family of salamanders consisting of true salamanders and newts. Currently, 74 species have been identified in the northern hemisphere - Europe, Asia, the northern tip of Africa and North America...

(newts)
- Genus: Pleurodeles
  Pleurodeles
  The Ribbed Newts is a group of three newt species:*Algerian Ribbed Newt *Edough Ribbed Newt *Iberian Ribbed Newt...
  - Iberian Ribbed Newt
    Iberian Ribbed Newt
    The Iberian ribbed newt or Spanish ribbed newt is a newt endemic to the central and southern Iberian Peninsula and Morocco. It is known for its sharp ribs which can puncture through its sides, and as such is also called the sharp-ribbed newt.-Physical description:The Iberian Ribbed Newt has...
    
    Pleurodeles waltl ^NT

Order: Anura (frogs and toads)

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Suborder: Mesobatrachia
Mesobatrachia
Mesobatrachia is the second largest of the Anura suborders of amphibians. It contains 6 families, 20 genera and 168 species. This is, of course, not matched to the 5,047 species noted in the Neobatrachia suborder...
- Family: Pelobatidae
  Pelobatidae
  The European spadefoot toads are a family of frogs, the Pelobatidae, with only one extant genus Pelobates, containing four species. They are native to Europe, the Mediterranean, northwestern Africa and western Asia....
  - Genus: Pelobates
    - Western Spadefoot Toad
      Western Spadefoot Toad
      Western Spadefoot or Western Spadefoot Toad is the common name of two different species of toads*Spea hammondii, found in North America*Pelobates cultripes, found in Europe...
      
      Pelobates cultripes

- Family: Bufonidae
  - Genus: Bufo
    Bufo
    Bufo is a large genus of about 150 species of true toads in the amphibian family Bufonidae. Bufo is a Latin word for toad.- Description :...
    - Common Toad
      Common Toad
      The common toad or European toad is an amphibian widespread throughout Europe, with the exception of Iceland, Ireland and some Mediterranean islands...
      
      Bufo bufo ^LC

- Family: Hylidae
  - Genus: Hyla
    Hyla
    The genus Hyla is one of approximately 38 genera in the New World family of tree frogs . The word Hyla translates to "tree," and tree frogs are indeed arboreal...
    - Mediterranean Tree Frog Hyla meridionalis ^LC

- Family: Ranidae
  - Genus: Rana
    Rana (genus)
    Rana is a genus of frogs. Species include such archetypal pond frogs as the common frog of Europe, brown frogs, and the New and Old World true frogs, including the various species of leopard frogs and the American bullfrog. Members of this genus are found through much of Eurasia, North America,...
    - Perez's Frog
      Perez's Frog
      Perez's Frog is a species of frog in the Ranidae family. It is found in southern France, Portugal, Spain, and two sites in the United Kingdom; in Spain it is very abundant, as evidenced by its Spanish name rana común .Its natural habitats are temperate forests, temperate shrubland,...
      
      Rana perezi ^LC

Order: Testudines (turtles, tortoises and terrapins)

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- Family: Cheloniidae
  Cheloniidae
  Cheloniidae is a family of turtles belonging to the sea turtle superfamily Chelonioidea.-Extant genera:*Genus Caretta**Loggerhead sea turtle *Genus Chelonia**Green sea turtle *Genus Eretmochelys...
  - Genus: Caretta
    - Loggerhead Sea Turtle
      Loggerhead Sea Turtle
      The loggerhead sea turtle , or loggerhead, is an oceanic turtle distributed throughout the world. It is a marine reptile, belonging to the family Cheloniidae. The average loggerhead measures around long when fully grown, although larger specimens of up to have been discovered...
      
      Caretta caretta ^EN
  - Genus: Chelonia
    - Green Turtle Chelonia mydas ^EN

- Family: Dermochelyidae
  Dermochelyidae
  Dermochelyidae is a family of turtles which has eight extinct and one extant genera.-Classification of known genera:*Subfamily Desmatochelyinae** Corochelys ** Desmatochelys *Subfamily Allopleuroninae ** Allopleuron ** Eosphargis...
  - Genus: Dermochelys
    - Leatherback Turtle Dermochelys coriacea ^CR

- Family: Emydidae
  Emydidae
  Emydidae, commonly called the pond turtles or marsh turtles, is a family of turtles. Previously, several species of Asian box turtle were classified in the family. However, revised taxonomy has separated them to a different family. Now, Emydidae, with the exception of two species of pond turtle,...
  - Genus: Emys
    Emys
    Emys is a small genus of turtles. Its members are:* Emys orbicularis - European pond turtle* Emys trinacris - Sicilian pond turtle * Emys blandingii - Blanding's turtle * Emys marmorata - Western pond turtle- Sub-species :...
    - European Pond Terrapin
      European pond terrapin
      The European pond turtle , Emys orbicularis is a long-living freshwater species of turtle.-Geographic range:It is found in southern and central Europe, West Asia and North Africa...
      
      Emys orbicularis ^LR/nt
  - Genus: Trachemys
    Trachemys
    Trachemys is a genus of turtles belonging to the family Emydidae.-Species:*Trachemys adiutrix - Maranhão slider*Trachemys callirostris - Colombian slider*Trachemys callirostris callirostris - Colombian slider...
    - Red-eared slider
      Red-eared slider
      The red-eared slider is a semiaquatic turtle belonging to the family Emydidae. It is a subspecies of pond slider. It is the most popular pet turtle in the United States and also popular in the rest of the world...
      
      Trachemys scripta ^LC

Suborder: Cryptodira
Cryptodira
Cryptodira is the taxonomic suborder of Testudines that includes most living tortoises and turtles. Cryptodira differ from Pleurodira in that they lower their necks and pull the heads straight back into the shells; instead of folding their necks sideways along the body under the shells' margins...
- Superfamily: Testudinoidea
  Testudinoidea
  Testudinoidea is a superfamily within the suborder Cryptodira of the order Testudines. It includes the families of pond turtles ; Asian turtles ; the Big-headed turtle and tortoises ....
  - Family: Geoemydidae
    Geoemydidae
    Geoemydidae is the largest and most diverse family in the order Testudines with about 70 species. It includes the Eurasian pond and river turtles and Neotropical wood turtles.-Characteristics:...
    - Subfamily: Geoemydinae
      Geoemydinae
      Geoemydinae is a subfamily of turtles. The following genera are placed here:* Chinemys * Cuora * Cyclemys * Geoemyda...
      - Genus: Mauremys
        Mauremys
        Mauremys is a genus of turtle in the family Geoemydidae . Ocadia and Chinemys are included here by some scientists, but not by the majority nor by hobbyists.Species include:...
        
        Stripe-necked Terrapin Mauremys leprosa
- Family: Testudinidae
  - Genus: Testudo
    Testudo
    Testudo may refer to:* Testudo , a genus of tortoises* The Latin variant of the Greek chelys harp made from a tortoise shell* The testudo formation, a Roman military tactic...
    - Spur-thighed Tortoise Testudo graeca ^VU

Order: Squamata
Squamata
Squamata, or the scaled reptiles, is the largest recent order of reptiles, including lizards and snakes. Members of the order are distinguished by their skins, which bear horny scales or shields. They also possess movable quadrate bones, making it possible to move the upper jaw relative to the...

(scaled reptiles)

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Suborder: Sauria
Sauria
Sauria is a clade of reptiles that includes all living diapsids, as well as their common ancestor and all its extinct descendants. The ancestral saurian was probably a small lizard-like creature living in the Permian Period...
- Family: Chamaeleonidae
  - Genus: Chamaeleo
    Chamaeleo
    Chamaeleo is a genus of chameleons found primarily in the mainland of sub-saharan Africa, but a few species are also present in northern Africa, southern Europe and southern Asia east to India and Sri Lanka. They are slow moving with independently movable eyes, the ability to change skin...
    - Common Chameleon Chamaeleo chamaeleon

- Family: Gekkonidae
  - Genus: Hemidactylus
    Hemidactylus
    Hemidactylus is a genus of the family of typical geckos, Gekkonidae. It is the second-most speciose genus in the family, with about 90 described species, newfound ones being described every few years. These geckos are found in all the tropical regions of the world, extending into the subtropical...
    - Mediterranean House Gecko Hemidactylus turcicus
  - Genus: Tarentola
    Tarentola
    Tarentola is a genus of geckos, commonly known as Wall Geckos.-Classification of genus Tarentola:*Jamaican Giant Gecko, Tarentola albertschwartzi *American Wall Gecko, Tarentola americana...
    - Moorish Gecko
      Moorish gecko
      Tarentola mauritanica is a species of gecko native to the Western Mediterranean region of Europe and North Africa and widely introduced to North America and Asia. It is commonly observed on walls in urban environments, mainly in warm coastal areas, though it can spread inland - especially in Spain...
      
      Tarentola mauritanica

- Family: Scincidae (skinks)
  - Genus: Chalcides
    Chalcides
    Chalcides is a genus of skinks .It is usually placed in the subfamily Scincinae which seems to be paraphyletic however. It belongs to a major clade of this group which does not seem to include the type genus Scincus however...
    - Bedriaga's Skink Chalcides bedriagai ^NT
    - Western Three-toed Skink
      Western Three-toed Skink
      The Western Three-Toed Skink is a species of skink in the Scincidae family.It is found in France, Italy, Portugal, and Spain....
      
      Chalcides striatus ^LC

- Family: Lacertidae
  Lacertidae
  Lacertidae is the family of the wall lizards, true lizards, or sometimes simply lacertas, which are native to Europe, Africa, and Asia. The group includes the genus Lacerta, which contains some of the most commonly seen lizard species in Europe...
  
  (wall lizards)
  - Genus: Acanthodactylus
    Acanthodactylus
    Acanthodactylus is a genus of lizards within the Lacertidae family, commonly referred to as fringe-fingered or fringe-toed lizards ....
    - Red-tailed Spiny-footed Lizard Acanthodactylus erythrurus ^LC
  - Genus: Timon
    Timon
    Timon is a genus of wall lizards of the family Lacertidae.-Species:*Timon lepidus*Timon pater*Timon princeps*Timon tangitanus...
    - Ocellated Lizard Timon lepidus
  - Genus: Podarcis
    Podarcis
    Podarcis is a genus of lizards. Its members look very similar to lizards of the genus Lacerta, but their internal body structure is different . They are commonly known as wall lizards. They are native to Europe and northern Africa, and most species are restricted to the Mediterranean region...
    - Iberian Wall Lizard Podarcis hispanica
  - Genus: Psammodromus
    Psammodromus
    Psammodromus is a small genus of sand lizards of the family Lacertidae. It has six described species, which are found in European and North African countries next to the Mediterranean.-Species:* Psammodromus algirus - Linnaeus, 1758...
    - Algerian Sand Racer Psammodromus algirus ^LC

- Family: Amphisbaenidae
  Amphisbaenidae
  The Amphisbaenidae are a family of amphisbaenians, commonly known as worm lizards. They are found in North and South America, some Caribbean islands, and in sub-Saharan Africa...
  
  (worm lizards)
  - Genus: Blanus
    Blanus
    Blanus is a genus of reptile in the family Amphisbaenidae. It contains the following species:* Iberian Worm Lizard * Moroccan Worm Lizard * Anatolian Worm Lizard * Blanus tingitanus...
    - Iberian Worm Lizard
      Iberian Worm Lizard
      The Iberian Worm Lizard or European Worm Lizard is a species of reptile in the family Amphisbaenidae...
      
      Blanus cinereus ^LC

Suborder: Serpentes (snakes)
- Family: Colubridae
  - Genus: Hemorrhois
    Hemorrhois
    Hemorrhois is a genus of snakes in the Colubridae family.It contains the following four species:* Hemorrhois algirus * Hemorrhois hippocrepis , horseshoe whip snake* Hemorrhois nummifer...
    - Horseshoe Whip Snake
      Horseshoe Whip Snake
      The horseshoe whip snake is a species of snake in the Colubridae family.-Geographic range:It is found in Algeria, Italy, Morocco, Portugal, Spain, Gibraltar and Tunisia.-Description:...
      
      Hemorrhois hippocrepis ^LC
  - Genus: Coronella
    Coronella
    Coronella is a genus of harmless colubrids found in Europe, North Africa and West Asia. Three species are currently recognized.-Description:...
    - Southern Smooth Snake Coronella girondica ^LC
  - Genus: Rhinechis
    - Ladder Snake
      Ladder Snake
      The Ladder Snake is a species of snake in the Colubridae family.It is found in Peninsular Spain and Minorca, Portugal, southern France and possibly the Region of Liguria and Italy....
      
      Rhinechis scalaris ^LC
  - Genus: Malpolon
    - Montpellier Snake
      Malpolon monspessulanus
      Malpolon monspessulanus, commonly known as the Montpellier snake, is a species of colubrid.-Geographic range:It is very common throughout the Mediterranean basin...
      
      Malpolon monspessulanus
  - Genus: Macroprotodon
    Macroprotodon
    Macroprotodon is a genus of snakes in the Colubridae family. All of the members of the genus are commonly known as false smooth snakes.It contains the following species:* Macroprotodon abubakeri* Macroprotodon brevis...
    - False Smooth Snake
      False Smooth Snake
      The false smooth snake is a species of snake in the Colubridae family.-Geographic range:It is found in Algeria, Morocco, Portugal, Spain, and Western Sahara.-Habitat:...
      
      Macroprotodon brevis ^NT
  - Genus: Natrix
    Natrix
    Natrix is a genus of colubrid snakes. There are three or four species in the genus. They are collectively called grass snakes and water snakes...
    - Viperine Snake Natrix maura
    - Grass Snake
      Grass Snake
      The grass snake , sometimes called the ringed snake or water snake is a European non-venomous snake. It is often found near water and feeds almost exclusively on amphibians.-Etymology:...
      
      Natrix natrix

- Family: Viperidae
  Viperidae
  The Viperidae are a family of venomous snakes found all over the world, except in Antarctica, Australia, Ireland, Madagascar, Hawaii, various other isolated islands, and above the Arctic Circle. All have relatively long, hinged fangs that permit deep penetration and injection of venom. Four...
  - Genus: Vipera
    Vipera
    Vipera is a genus of venomous vipers. It has a very wide range, being found from North Africa to just within the Arctic Circle and from Great Britain to Pacific Asia. The name is possibly derived from the Latin words vivus and pario, meaning "alive" and "bear" or "bring forth"; likely a reference...
    - Lataste's Viper Vipera latastei ^LC

Order: Caudata (salamanders)

Order: Anura (frogs and toads)

Order: Testudines (turtles, tortoises and terrapins)

See also