List of fossil primates - AbsoluteAstronomy.com

This is a list of fossil primates—extinct primate

Primate

A primate is a mammal of the order Primates , which contains prosimians and simians. Primates arose from ancestors that lived in the trees of tropical forests; many primate characteristics represent adaptations to life in this challenging three-dimensional environment...

s for which a fossil record

Fossil

Fossils are the preserved remains or traces of animals , plants, and other organisms from the remote past...

exists. Primates are generally thought to have evolved from a small, unspecialized mammal

Mammal

Mammals are members of a class of air-breathing vertebrate animals characterised by the possession of endothermy, hair, three middle ear bones, and mammary glands functional in mothers with young...

, which probably fed on insects and fruits. However, the precise source of the primates remains controversial and even their arboreal origin has recently been questioned. As it has been suggested, many other mammal orders are arboreal too, but they have not developed the same characters as primates. Nowadays, some well known genera, such as Purgatorius
Purgatorius
Purgatorius is the genus of the four extinct species believed to be the earliest example of a primate or a proto-primate, a primatomorph precursor to the Plesiadapiformes...

and Plesiadapis
Plesiadapis
Plesiadapis is one of the oldest known primate-like mammal species which existed about 58-55 million years ago in North America and Europe. Plesiadapis literally means "near-Adapis", which is a reference to the Eocene lemuriform, Adapis...

, thought to be the most ancient primates for a long time, are not usually considered as such by recent authors, who tend to include them in the new order Plesiadapiformes

Plesiadapiformes

Plesiadapiformes is an extinct order of mammals. It is either closely related to the primates or a precursor to them. Many are too derived to be ancestral to primates, but the earliest Plesiadapiformes have teeth that are strongly indicative of a common ancestor...

, within superorder Euarchontoglires

Euarchontoglires

Euarchontoglires is a clade of mammals, the living members of which are rodents, lagomorphs, treeshrews, colugos and primates .-Evolutionary relationships:...

. Some, to avoid confusions, employ the unranked term Euprimates, which excludes Plesiadapiformes. That denomination is not used here.

There is an academic debate on the time the first primates appeared. One of the earliest probable primate fossils is the problematic Altiatlasius koulchii, perhaps an Omomyid

Omomyid

Omomyids are a diverse group of early primates that radiated during the Eocene epoch between about 55 and 34 million years ago . Fossils of omomyids are found in North America, Europe, Asia, and possibly Africa...

, but perhaps a non-Primate Plesiadapiform, which lived in Morocco, during the Paleocene

Paleocene

The Paleocene or Palaeocene, the "early recent", is a geologic epoch that lasted from about . It is the first epoch of the Palaeogene Period in the modern Cenozoic Era...

, around 60 Ma. However, other studies, including molecular clock studies, have estimated the origin of the primate branch to have been in the mid-Cretaceous

Cretaceous

The Cretaceous , derived from the Latin "creta" , usually abbreviated K for its German translation Kreide , is a geologic period and system from circa to million years ago. In the geologic timescale, the Cretaceous follows the Jurassic period and is followed by the Paleogene period of the...

period, around 85 Ma, that is to say, in the time previous to the extinction of dinosaurs and the successful mammal radiation. Nevertheless, there seems to be a consensus about the monophyletic origin of the order, although the evidence is not clear. There are no fossils known that can be directly linked to the living African apes, nor any that could be considered representative of the last common ancestor between them and humans.

The order Primates, established by Linnaeus in 1758, includes humans and their immediate ancestors. However, contrarily to the common opinion, most primates do not have especially large brains. Brain size is a derived character, which only appeared with genus Homo
Homo
Homo may refer to:*the Greek prefix ὅμο-, meaning "the same"*the Latin for man, human being*Homo, the taxonomical genus including modern humans...

, and was lacking in the first hominid

Hominidae

The Hominidae or include them .), as the term is used here, form a taxonomic family, including four extant genera: chimpanzees , gorillas , humans , and orangutans ....

. In fact, hominid encephalization quotient is only 1.5 Ma more recent than that of some dolphin species. The encephalization quotient of some cetaceans is therefore higher than that of most primates, including the nearest relatives of humans, such as Australopithecus

Australopithecus

Australopithecus is a genus of hominids that is now extinct. From the evidence gathered by palaeontologists and archaeologists, it appears that the Australopithecus genus evolved in eastern Africa around 4 million years ago before spreading throughout the continent and eventually becoming extinct...

.

This list follows Walter Carl Hartwig

Walter Hartwig

Walter Hartwig is an American anthropologist, paleontologist, anatomy professor and author in the San Francisco Bay Area. He is currently Dean of Touro University College of Osteopathic Medicine ....

's 2002 book The Fossil Primate Record. Parentheses around authors' names (and dates) indicates a change in generic name

Genus

In biology, a genus is a low-level taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms, which is an example of definition by genus and differentia...

for the fossil, as stated in the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature

International Code of Zoological Nomenclature

The International Code of Zoological Nomenclature is a widely accepted convention in zoology that rules the formal scientific naming of organisms treated as animals...

(ICZN).

Basal stem group Strepsirhini

Azibiidae Gingerich, 1976

Algeripithecus
Algeripithecus
Algeripithecus is a genus of primates. Its status as an antherpoid or strepsirrhine is under debate.150 to 300 grams extinct primate of 50 to 46 million years ago; fossils found in Algeria; considered by some authorities the leading candidate for the first anthropoid...

Godinot & Mahboubi, 1992

Algeripithecus minutus Godinot & Mahboubi, 1992

Azibius Sudre, 1975

Azibius trerki Sudre, 1975

Adapiformes
Adapiformes
Adapiformes are an extinct group of primitive primates.The adapiformes radiated throughout much of the northern continental mass, reaching as far south as northern Africa and tropical Asia. The adapiformes existed from the Eocene to the Miocene epoch...

, incertae sedis

Lushius Chow, 1961

Lushius qinlinensis Chow, 1961

Panobius

Panobius afridi Russell & Gingerich, 1987

Djebelemur

Djebelemur martinezi Hartenberger & Marandat, 1992

Omanodon

Omanodon minor Gheerbrant et al., 1993

Shizarodon

Shizarodon dhofarensis Gheerbrant et al., 1993

Muangthanhinius

Muangthanhinius siami Marivaux et al., 2006.

Adapoidea

Notharctidae
Notharctidae
Notharctidae is an extinct family of primitive primates.- Classification :*Family Notharctidae**Subfamily Cercamoniinae***Genus Anchomomys***Genus Buxella***Genus Darwinius***Genus Donrussellia***Genus Europolemur...

Trouessart, 1879

Notharctinae
Notharctinae
Notharctinae is an extinct subfamily of primates that were common in North America during the early and middle Eocene...

Trouessart, 1879

Cantius
Cantius
Cantius was a genus of adapiformes primate that lived in the Eocene....

Simons, 1962

Cantius abditus (Gingerich & Simmons, 1977)

Cantius angulatus (Cope, 1875)

Cantius antediluvius Kihm, 1992

Cantius eppsi Cooper, 1932

Cantius frugivorus
Cantius frugivorus
Cantius frugivorus was a small adapiformes primate that lived in the early Eocene in North America. It is more advanced than the plesiadapiformes.-Morphology:...

(Cope, 1875)

Cantius mckennai (Gingerich & Simons, 1977)

Cantius nuniensis (Cope, 1881)

Cantius ralstoni (Matthew, 1915)

Cantius savagei Gingerich, 1977

Cantius torresi Gingerich, 1986

Cantius trigonodus (Matthew, 1915)

Copelemur Gingerich & Simons, 1977

Copelemur australotutus Beard, 1988

Copelemur praetutus (Gazin, 1962)

Copelemur tutus (Cope, 1877)

Hesperolemur
Hesperolemur
Hesperolemur actius is an extinct primate that lived in the middle Eocene of southern California. It is an immigrant taxa which appears to be most closely related to the earlier European forms of Cantius...

Gunnell, 1995

Hesperolemur actius Gunnell, 1995

Notharctus
Notharctus
Notharctus was an early primate that inhabited Europe and North America 50 million years ago. Modern lemurs evolved from primates similar to this genus....

Leidy, 1870

Notharctus pugnax Granger & Gregory, 1917

Notharctus robustior Leidy, 1870

Notharctus tenebrosus
Notharctus tenebrosus
Notharctus tenebrosus was an early primate from the early Eocene, some 54-38 million years ago. Its fossil was found by Ferdinand V. Hayden in 1870 in southwestern Wyoming. When first found, Notharctus tenebrosus was thought to be a small pachyderm due to the concentration of pachyderm fossils in...

Leidy, 1870

Notharctus venticolus Osborn, 1902

Pelycodus
Pelycodus
Pelycodus is an extinct Adapiform primate that lived during the early Eocene period in North America, specifically Wyoming and New Mexico. It is very closely related to Cantius and may even be its subgenus. It may also have given rise to the Middle Eocene Uintan primate Hesperolemur, although...

Cope, 1875

Pelycodus danielsae Froehlich & Lucas, 1991

Pelycodus jarrovii (Cope, 1874)

Smilodectes
Smilodectes
Smilodectes is an extinct genus of primate that lived in Wyoming. It possesses a post-orbital bar and grasping thumbs and toes. Smilodectes has a small cranium size and the foramen magnum was located at the back of the skull, on the occipatal bone....

Wortman, 1903

Smilodectes gingerichi (Beard, 1988)

Smilodectes gracilis (Marsh, 1871)

Smilodectes mcgrewi Gingerich, 1979

Cercamoniinae
Cercamoniinae
Cercamoniinae is a subfamily within the extinct primate family Notharctidae.- Classification :*Family Notharctidae**Subfamily Cercamoniinae***Genus Anchomomys***Genus Buxella***Genus Darwinius***Genus Donrussellia...

Gingerich, 1975

Aframonius Simons et al., 1995

Aframonius diedes Simons et al., 1995

Agerinia Crusafont-Pairo & Golpe-Posse, 1973

Agerinia roselli Crusafont-Pairo & Golpe-Posse, 1973

Anchomomys Stehlin, 1916

Anchomomys crocheti (Godinot, 1988)

Anchomomys gaillardi Stehlin, 1916

Anchomomys milleri Simons, 1997

Anchomomys pygmaeus (Rütimeyer, 1890)

Anchomomys quercy (Stehlin, 1916)

Barnesia Thalmann, 1994

Barnesia hauboldi Thalmann, 1994

Buxella Godinot, 1988

Buxella magna Godinot, 1988

Buxella prisca Godinot, 1988

Caenopithecus Rütimeyer, 1862

Caenopithecus lemuroides Rütimeyer, 1862

Cercamonius Gingerich, 1975

Cercamonius brachyrhynchus Gingerich, 1975

Darwinius
Darwinius
Darwinius is a genus of Adapiformes, a group of basal primates from the Eocene epoch. Its only known species is Darwinius masillae, dated to 47 million years ago based on dating of the fossil site....

Franzen et al., 2009

Darwinius masillae Franzen et al., 2009

Donrussellia Szalay, 1976

Donrussellia gallica (Russell, Louis & Savage, 1967)

Donrussellia louisi

Donrussellia magna

Donrussellia provincialis

Donrussellia russelli

Europolemur
Europolemur
Europolemur was a genus of adapiformes primates that lived in Europe during the Eocene.-Europolemur klatti:Europolemur klatti was an medium to large size adapiformes primate that lived on the continent of Europe from the middle to early Eocene...

Weigelt, 1933

Europolemur dunaifi (Tattersall & Schwartz, 1983)

Europolemur klatti
Europolemur klatti
Europolemur klatti was an medium to large size adapiformes primate that lived on the continent of Europe from the middle to early Eocene. The most recent relative to this species,appearing to be so from the Geiseltal localities of the DDR, is a recently discovered primate, Mahgarita stevensi, whose...

Weigelt, 1933

Europolemur koenigswald Franzen, 1987

Mahgarita Wilson & Szalay, 1976

Mahgarita stevensi Wilson & Szalay, 1976

Pericodon Stehlin, 1916

Pericodon helleri (Schwartz et al., 1983)

Pericodon helveticus (Rütimeyer, 1891)

Pericodon huerzeleri Gingerich, 1977

Pericodon jaegeri Godinot, 1988

Pericodon lemoinei Gingerich, 1977

Protoadapis Lemoine, 1878

Protoadapis angustidens (Filhol, 1888)

Protoadapis brachyrhynchus Stehlin, 1912

Protoadapis curvicuspidens (Lemoine, 1878)

Protoadapis ignoratus

Protoadapis muechelnensis

Protoadapis recticuspidens

Protoadapis weigelti

Pronycticebus Grandidier, 1904

Pronycticebus gaudryi Grandidier, 1904

Pronycticebus neglectus
Pronycticebus neglectus
Pronycticebus neglectus was an adapiformes primate that lived during the middle to late Eocene. One almost complete specimen was found in Hostage Valley, Germany.-Morphology:...

Wadilemur Simons, 1997

Wadilemur elegans Simons, 1997
Adapidae Trouessart, 1879
- Adapinae Trouesart, 1879
  - Adapis
    Adapis
    Adapis is an extinct genus of Adapidae primate belonging to the Adapinae subfamily The genus was named by Cuvier in 1822 and contains up to three species....
    
    Cuvier, 1821
    - Adapis bruni
    - Adapis collinsonae (Hooker, 1986)
    - Adapis parisiensis de Blainville, 1841
    - Adapis sudrei Gingerich, 1977
  - Adapoides Beard et al., 1994
    - Adapoides troglodytes Beard et al., 1994
  - Cryptadapis Godinot, 1984
    - Cryptadapis laharpei Godinot, 1984
    - Cryptadapis tertius Godinot, 1984
  - Leptadapis Gervais, 1876
    - Leptadapis assolicus
    - Leptadapis capellae (Crusafont-Pairo, 1967)
    - Leptadapis leenhardti (Stehlin, 1912)
    - Leptadapis magnus (Filhol, 1874)
    - Leptadapis priscus (Stehlin, 1916)
    - Leptadapis ruetimeyeri (Stehlin, 1912)
  - Microadapis Szalay, 1974
    - Microadapis lynnae
    - Microadapis sciureus (Stehlin, 1916)
  - Palaeolemur Delfortrie, 1873
    - Palaeolemur betillei Delfortrie, 1873

Sivaladapidae Thomas & Verma, 1979

Sivaladapinae Thomas & Verma, 1979

Guangxilemur Qi & Beard, 1998

Guangxilemur tongi Qi & Beard, 1998

Hoanghonius Zdansky, 1930

Hoanghonius stehlini Zdansky, 1930

Indraloris Lewis, 1933

Indraloris himalayensis (Pilgrim, 1932)

Rencunius Gingerich et al., 1994

Rencunius zhoui Gingerich et al., 1994

Sinoadapis Wu & Pan, 1985

Sinoadapis carnosus Wu & Pan, 1985

Sivaladapis Gingerich & Sahni, 1979

Sivaladapis nagrii (Prasad, 1970)

Sivaladapis palaendicus (Pilgrim, 1932)

Wailekia Ducrocq et al., 1995

Wailekia orientale Ducrocq et al., 1995

Lorisiformes
Lorisiformes
Lorisiformes are a group of primates found throughout Africa and Asia. Members of this infraorder include the galagos and the lorises. As strepsirrhines, they are related to the lemurs.* Order Primates** Suborder Strepsirrhini: non-tarsier prosimians...

Lorisidae
Lorisidae
Lorisidae is a family of strepsirrhine primates. The lorisids are all slim arboreal animals and include the lorises, pottos and angwantibos. Lorisids live in tropical, central Africa as well as in south and southeast Asia....

Gray, 1821

Karanisia
Karanisia
Karanisia is an extinct genus of lorisid primate and is represented by two species, K. clarki and K. arenula.K. clarki was described in 2003 from isolated teeth and jaw fragments found in Late Middle Eocene sediments of the Birket Qarun Formation in the Egyptian Faiyum...

Seiffert et al., 2003

Karanisia clarki Seiffert et al., 2003

Mioeuoticus Leakey, 1962

Mioeuoticus bishopi Leakey, 1962

Mioeuoticus shipmani Phillips & Walker, 2000

Nycticeboides Jacobs, 1981

Nycticeboides simpsoni Jacobs, 1981

Galagidae Gray, 1825

Progalago MacInnes, 1943

Progalago dorae MacInnes, 1943

Progalago songhorensis Simpson, 1967

Komba Simspon, 1967

Komba minor Le Gros Clark & Thomas, 1952

Komba robustus Le Gros Clark & Thomas, 1952

Komba winamensis McCrossin, 1992

Galago
Galago
Galagos , also known as bushbabies, bush babies or nagapies , are small, nocturnal primates native to continental Africa, and make up the family Galagidae...

Geoffroy, 1796

Galago farafraensis Pickford, Wanas & Soliman, 2006

Galago howelli Wesselman, 1984

Galago sadimanensis Walker, 1987

Lemuriformes

Archaeolemuridae G. Grandier, 1905

Archaeolemur
Archaeolemur
Archaeolemur is an extinct genus of lemurs that includes two species, Archaeolemur edwardsi and A. majori.The genus was widespread throughout Madagascar through much of the Holocene epoch, and its remains are often abundant at fossil sites across the island. The wide geographical and temporal range...

Filhol, 1895

Archaeolemur edwardsi Filhol, 1895

Archaeolemur majori Filhol, 1895

Hadropithecus
Hadropithecus
Hadropithecus is a medium-sized, extinct genus of lemur, or strepsirrhine primate, from Madagascar that includes a single species, Hadropithecus stenognathus. Due to its rarity and lack of sufficient skeletal remains, it is one of the least understood of the extinct lemurs...

Lorenz von Liburnau, 1899

Hadropithecus stenognathus Lorenz von Liburnau, 1899

Palaeopropithecidae Tattersall, 1973

Mesopropithecus
Mesopropithecus
Mesopropithecus is an extinct genus of small to medium-sized lemur, or strepsirrhine primate, from Madagascar that includes three species, M. dolichobrachion, M. globiceps, and M. pithecoides. Together with Palaeopropithecus, Archaeoindris, and Babakotia, it is part of the sloth...

Standing, 1905

Mesopropithecus dolichobrachion Simons et al., 1995

Mesopropithecus globiceps Lamberton, 1936

Mesopropithecus pithecoides Standing, 1905

Babakotia
Babakotia
Babakotia is a medium-sized, extinct genus of lemur, or strepsirrhine primate, from Madagascar that contains a single species, Babakotia radofilai. Together with Palaeopropithecus, Archaeoindris, and Mesopropithecus, it forms the family Palaeopropithecidae, commonly known as the sloth lemurs...

Godfrey et al., 1990

Babakotia radofilai Godfrey et al., 1990

Palaeopropithecus G. Grandidier, 1899

Palaeopropithecus ingens G. Grandidier, 1899

Palaeopropithecus kelyus Gommery et al., 2010

Palaeopropithecus maximus Standing, 1903

Archaeoindris
Archaeoindris
Archaeoindris fontoynonti is an extinct species of Malagasy lemur that was the largest primate to evolve on Madagascar. It weighed about and measured around 1.5m in height, more than a silverback gorilla. Archaeoindris is one of eight known members of the Palaeopropithecinae subfamily...

Standing, 1909

Archaeoindris fontoynontii Standing, 1909

Megaladapidae Forsyth-Major, 1894

Megaladapis
Megaladapis
Koala lemurs, genus Megaladapis, belong to the family Megaladapidae, consisting of three extinct species of lemurs that once inhabited the island of Madagascar. The largest measured between in length.-Appearance and habits:...

Forsyth-Major, 1894

Subgenus: Megaladapis

Megaladapis (Megaladapis) grandidieri Standing, 1903

Megaladapis (Megaladapis) madagascariensis Forsyth-Major, 1894

Subgenus: Peloriadapis

Megaladapis (Peloriadapis) edwardsi Grandidier, 1899

Lemuridae
Lemuridae
Lemuridae is a family of prosimian primates native to Madagascar, and one of five families commonly known as lemurs. These animals were thought to be the evolutionary predecessors of monkeys and apes, but this is no longer considered correct...

Gray, 1821

Pachylemur
Pachylemur
Pachylemur is an extinct genus of lemur most closely related to the ruffed lemurs . Its two representative species, Pachylemur insignis and Pachylemur jullyi, are only known from subfossil remains found at sites in central and southwestern Madagascar...

Lamberton, 1946

Pachylemur insignis Filhol, 1895

Pachylemur jullyi Lamberton, 1948

Daubentoniidae Gray, 1863

Daubentonia É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1795

Daubentonia robusta Lamberton, 1934

Tarsiiformes
Tarsiiformes
Tarsiiformes are a group of primates that was once ranged across Europe, northern Africa, Asia, and North America, but today all living species are found in the islands of Southeast Asia. Tarsiers are the only living members of the infraorder, and also include the extinct Tarsius eocaenus from the...

, incertae sedis

Ekgmowechashala
Ekgmowechashala
Ekgmowechashala is an extinct genus of primate. With a weight of approximately five pounds, around a foot tall and resembling a lemur, it is the only known North American primate of its time; it lived during the late Oligocene and early Miocene...

Macdonald, 1963

Ekgmowechashala philotau Macdonald, 1963

Kohatius Russell & Gingerich, 1980

Kohatius coppensi Russell & Gingerich, 1980

Altanius
Altanius
Altanius is a genus of extinct primates found in the early Eocene of Mongolia. Though its phylogenetic relationship is questionable, many have placed it as either a primitive omomyid or as a member of the sister group to both adapoids and omomyids...

Dashzeveg & McKenna, 1977

Altanius orlovi Dashzeveg & McKenna, 1977

Altiatlasius
Altiatlasius
Altiatlasius was a primate from the Paleocene. Its true taxonomic position remains controversial, it has been suggested that it should belong to the family Toliapinidae, the order Plesiadapiformes or that it should be recognized as a euprimate...

Sigé et al., 1990

Altiatlasius koulchii Sigé et al., 1990

Afrotarsius Simons & Brown, 1985

Omomyoidea

Omomyidae Trouessart, 1879

Microchoerinae Lydekker, 1887

Microchoerus Wood, 1846

Microchoerus creechbarrowensis Hooker, 1986

Microchoerus edwardsi Filhol, 1880

Microchoerus erinaceus Wood, 1846

Microchoerus ornatus Stehlin, 1916

Microchoerus wardi Hooker, 1986

Necrolemur
Necrolemur
Necrolemur is an extinct genus of primate.The long creature closely resembled a tarsier; it was a nocturnal hunter with very large eyes and ears. Necrolemur had sharp teeth, which it probably used to bite through insect armor. Like modern tarsiers, it also possessed long fingers and toes, and a...

Filhol, 1873

Necrolemur antiquus Filhol, 1873

Necrolemur zitteli Schlosser, 1887

Nannopithex Stehlin, 1916

Nannopithex filholi Chantre & Gaillard, 1897

Nannopithex humilidens Thalmann, 1994

Nannopithex quaylei Hooker, 1986

Nannopithex raabi Heller, 1930

Nannopithex zuccolae Godinot et al., 1992

Pseudoloris Stehlin, 1916

Pseudoloris crusafonti Louis & Sudre, 1975

Pseudoloris godinoti Köhler & Moyà-Solà, 1999

Pseudoloris isabenae Crusafont-Pairo, 1967

Pseudoloris parvulus Filhol, 1890

Anaptomorphinae Cope, 1883

Tribus: Anaptomorphini

Anaptomorphus Cope, 1872

Anaptomorphus aemulus Cope, 1872

Anaptomorphus westi Szalay, 1976

Tetonius Matthew, 1915

Tetonius homunculus Cope, 1882

Tetonius matthewi Bown & Rose, 1987

Tetonius mckennai Bown & Rose, 1987

Absarokius Matthew, 1915

Absarokius abbotti Loomis, 1906

Absarokius australis Bown & Rose, 1987

Absarokius nocerai Robinson, 1966

Absarokius metoecus Bown & Rose, 1987

Absarokius witteri Morris, 1954

Teilhardina
Teilhardina
Teilhardina was an early marmoset-like primate that lived in Europe, North America and Asia during in the Early Eocene epoch, about 56-47 million years ago. The paleontologist George Gaylord Simpson is credited with naming it after Jesuit paleontologist and philosopher Teilhard de Chardin...

Simpson, 1940

Teilhardina americana Bown, 1976

Teilhardina asiatica Ni et al., 2004

Teilhardina belgica Teilhard de Chardin, 1927

Teilhardina brandti Gingerich, 1993

Teilhardina crassidens Bown & Rose, 1987

Teilhardina demissa Rose, 1995

Teilhardina tenuicula Jepsen, 1930

Anemorhysis Gazin, 1958

Anemorhysis natronensis Beard et al., 1992

Anemorhysis pattersoni Bown & Rose, 1984

Anemorhysis pearcei Gazin, 1962

Anemorhysis savagei Williams & Covert, 1994

Anemorhysis sublettensis Gazin, 1952

Anemorhysis wortmani Bown & Rose, 1984

Chlororhysis Gazin, 1958

Chlororhysis incomptus Bown & Rose, 1984

Chlororhysis knightensis Gazin, 1958

Pseudotetonius Bown, 1974

Pseudotetonius ambiguus Bown, 1974

Arapahovius Savage & Waters, 1978

Arapahovius advena Bown & Rose, 1991

Arapahovius gazini Savage & Waters, 1978

Aycrossia Bown, 1979

Aycrossia lovei Bown, 1979

Strigorhysis Bown, 1979

Strigorhysis bridgerensis Bown, 1979

Strigorhysis huerfanensis Bown & Rose, 1987

Strigorhysis rugosus Bown, 1979

Gazinius Bown, 1979

Gazinius amplus Bown, 1979

Gazinius bowni Gunnell, 1995

Tatmanius Bown & Rose, 1991

Tatmanius szalayi Bown & Rose, 1991

Tribus: Trogolemurini

Trogolemur Matthew, 1909

Trogolemur amplior Beard et al., 1992

Trogolemur fragilis Beard et al., 1992

Trogolemur myodes Matthew, 1909

Sphacorhysis Gunnell, 1995

Sphacorhysis burntforkensis Gunnell, 1995

Omomyinae Trouessart, 1879

Tribus: Omomyiini

Omomys Leidy, 1869

Omomys carteri Leidy, 1869

Omomys lloydi Gazin, 1958

Steinius Bown & Rose, 1984

Steinius annectens Bown & Rose, 1991

Steinius vespertinus Matthew, 1915

Chumashius Stock, 1933

Chumashius balchi Stock, 1933

Tribus: Washakiini

Washakius Leidy, 1873

Washakius insignis Leidy, 1873

Washakius izetti Honey, 1990

Washakius laurae Simpson, 1959

Washakius woodringi Stock, 1938

Shoshonius
Shoshonius
Shoshonius lived about 50 million years ago during the late early Eocene era, with specimens found in Central Wyoming. Shoshonius belongs to the extinct primate family Omomyidae, and shares many features with modern-day tarsiers. Due to its complexity, some have theorized that the Shoshonius may be...

Granger, 1910

Shoshonius bowni Honey, 1990

Shoshonius cooperi Granger, 1910

Dyseolemur Stock, 1934

Dyseolemur pacificus Stock, 1934

Loveina Simpson, 1940

Loveina minuta Loomis, 1906

Loveina wapitiensis Gunnell et al., 1992

Loveina zephyri Simspon, 1940

Tribus: Utahiini

Subtribus: Utahiina

Utahia Gazin, 1958

Utahia kayi Gazin, 1958

Stockia Gazin, 1958

Stockia powayensis Gazin, 1958

Chipetaia Rasmussen, 1996

Chipetaia lamporea Rasmussen, 1996

Asiomomys Wang & Li, 1990

Asiomomys changbaicus Wang & Li, 1990

Subtribus: Mytoniina

Wyomomys Gunnell, 1995

Wyomomys bridgeri Gunnell, 1995

Ageitodendron Gunnell, 1995

Ageitodendron matthewi Gunnell, 1995

Ourayia Gazin, 1958

Ourayia hopsoni Robinson, 1968

Ourayia uintensis Osborn, 1895

Tribus: Macrotarsiini

Macrotarsius Clark, 1941

Macrotarsius jepseni Robinson, 1968

Macrotarsius macrorhysis Beard et al., 1994

Macrotarsius montanus Clark, 1941

Macrotarsius roederi Kelly, 1990

Macrotarsius siegerti Robinson, 1968

Hemiacodon Marsh, 1872

Hemiacodon casamissus Beard et al., 1992

Hemiacodon gracilis Marsh, 1872

Yaquius Mason, 1990

Yaquius travisi Mason, 1990

Tribus: Uintaniini

Uintanius Matthew, 1915

Uintanius ameghini Wortman, 1904

Uintanius rutherfurdi Robinson, 1966

Jemezius Beard, 1987

Jemezius szalayi Beard, 1987

Tribus: Rooneyini

Rooneyia
Rooneyia
Rooneyia is an extinct genus of primate. The genus includes one species, Rooneyia viejaensis. It lived approximately 55 million years ago. Tim Ryan, at the Pennsylvania State University, has scanned the only known specimen....

Wilson, 1966

Rooneyia viejaensis Wilson, 1966

Tarsiidae Gray, 1825

Tarsius Storr, 1780

Tarsius eocaenus Beard & al, 1994

Tarsius thailandicus Ginsburg & Mein, 1987

Xanthorhysis Beard, 1998

Xanthorhysis tabrumi Beard, 1998

Simiiformes, incertae sedis

Arsinoea
Arsinoea
Arsinoea is an extinct genus of primates of which there is one known species....

Simons, 1992

Arsinoea kallimos Simons, 1992

Tabelia Godinot & Mahboubi, 1994

Tabelia hammadae Godinot & Mahboubi, 1994

Afrotarsiidae Ginsburg & Mein, 1987

Afrotarsius Simons & Bown, 1985

Afrotarsius chatrathi Simons & Bown, 1985
- Eosimiidae
  Eosimiidae
  Eosimiidae is the family of extinct primates believed to be the earliest simians....
  
  Beard et al., 1994

Eosimias
Eosimias
Eosimias was a genus of early primates, first discovered and identified in 1999 from fossils collected in the Shanghuang fissure-fillings of the southern Jiangsu Province, China. It is a part of the family Eosimiidae, which includes three known species: Eosimias sinensis, Eosimias centennicus, and...

Beard et al., 1994

Eosimias centennicus Beard et al., 1996

Eosimias sinensis Beard et al., 1994

Bahinia Jaeger et al., 1999

Bahinia pondaungensis Jaeger et al., 1999

Amphipithecidae Godinot, 1994

Pondaungia Pilgrim, 1927

Pondaungia cotteri Pilgrim, 1927

Amphipithecus Colbert, 1937

Amphipithecus mogaungensis Colbert, 1937

Siamopithecus Chaimanee et al., 1997

Siamopithecus eocaenus Chaimanee et al., 1997

Proteopithecidae Simons, 1997

Proteopithecus Simons, 1989

Proteopithecus sylviae Simons, 1989

Serapia Simons, 1992

Serapia eocaena Simons, 1992

Parapithecidae
Parapithecidae
Parapithecidae is an extinct family of primates which lived in the Eocene and Oligocene periods in Egypt. Eocene fossils from Burma are sometimes included in the family in addition. They showed certain similarities in dentition to Condylarthra, but had short faces and jaws shaped like those of...

Schlosser, 1911

Apidium
Apidium
The genus Apidium is that of at least three extinct primates living in the early Oligocene, roughly 36 to 32 millions years ago. Apidium fossils are common in the Fayoum deposits of Egypt...

Osborn, 1908

Apidium bowni Simons, 1995

Apidium moustafai Simons, 1962

Apidium phiomense Osborn, 1908

Parapithecus
Parapithecus
Parapithecus is an extinct genus of primates. There are two known species.-Species:*†Parapithecus fraasi Schlosser 1910*†Parapithecus grangeri Simons 1974...

Schlosser, 1910

Parapithecus fraasi Schlosser, 1910

Parapithecus grangeri Simons, 1974

Qatrania Simons & Kay, 1983

Qatrania fleaglei Simons & Kay, 1988

Qatrania wingi Simons & kay, 1983

Biretia
Biretia
Biretia is an extinct genus of Old World monkey, of the extinct family Parapithecidae. Fossils are found from Late Eocene strata of Egypt....

Bonis et al., 1988

Biretia piveteaui Bonis et al., 1988

Biretia fayumensis Seiffert et al., 2005

Biretia megalopsis Seiffert et al., 2005

Platyrrhini

Atelidae
Atelidae
Atelidae is one of the five families of New World monkeys now recognised. It was formerly included in the family Cebidae. Atelids are generally larger monkeys; the family includes the howler, spider, woolly and woolly spider monkeys...

Gray, 1825

Pitheciinae
Pitheciinae
Pitheciinae is a subfamily of the New World monkey family Pitheciidae. It contains three genera and 9 species. Pitheciines are forest dwellers from northern and central South America, east of the Andes....

Mivart, 1865

Tribus: Callicebini

Xenothrix Williams & Koopman, 1952

Xenothrix mcgregori Williams & Koopman, 1952

Antillothrix MacPhee et al., 1995

Antillothrix bernensis Rímoli, 1977

Paralouatta Rivero & Arredondo, 1991

Paralouatta varonai Rivero & Arredondo, 1991

Paralouatta marianae

Tribus: Pitheciini

Soriacebus Fleagle et al., 1987

Soriacebus adrianae Fleagle, 1990

Soriacebus ameghinorum Fleagle et al., 1987

Proteropithecia Kay et al., 1999

Proteropithecia neuquenensis Kay et al., 1998

Cebupithecia Stirton & Savage, 1951

Cebupithecia sarmientoi Stirton & Savage, 1951

Nuciruptor Meldrum & Kay, 1997

Nuciruptor rubricae Meldrum & Kay, 1997

Tribus: Homunculini

Homunculus Ameghino, 1891

Homunculus patagonicus
Homunculus patagonicus
Homunculus patagonicus is an extinct New World monkey species that lived in Argentina during the Miocene. It is likely the ancestral species for the Callicebinae subfamily, whose living members are the titi monkeys....

Ameghino, 1891

Carlocebus Fleagle, 1990

Carlocebus carmenensis Fleagle, 1990

Carlocebus intermedius Fleagle, 1990

Atelinae
Atelinae
Atelinae is a subfamily of New World monkeys in the family Atelidae, and includes the various spider and woolly monkeys. The primary distinguishing feature of the atelines is their long prehensile tail which can support their entire body weight....

Gray, 1825

Tribus: Alouattini

Stirtonia Hershkovitz, 1970

Stirtonia tatacoensis Stirton, 1951

Stirtonia victoriae Kay et al., 1987

Tribus: Atelini

Caipora
Caipora
Caipora is an entity of the Tupi-Guarani mythology in Brazil. It is represented as a dark-skinned, small Indian, naked with a very long black mane, smoking a cigar and very mischievous. Other depictions are as a stout hairy anthropomorphic being with the head of a fox. Sometimes it is said that is...

Cartelle & Hartwig, 1996

Caipora bambuiorum Cartelle & Hartwig, 1996

Atelinae
Atelinae
Atelinae is a subfamily of New World monkeys in the family Atelidae, and includes the various spider and woolly monkeys. The primary distinguishing feature of the atelines is their long prehensile tail which can support their entire body weight....

, incertae sedis

Protopithecus Lund, 1838

Protopithecus brasiliensis Lund, 1838

Cebidae
Cebidae
The Cebidae is one of the five families of New World monkeys now recognised. It includes the capuchin monkeys and squirrel monkeys. These species are found throughout tropical and subtropical South and Central America.-Characteristics:...

Bonaparte, 1831

Cebinae Bonaparte, 1831

Tribus: Saimiriini

Neosaimiri Stirton, 1951

Neosaimiri fieldsi Stirton, 1951

Laventiana Rosenberger et al., 1991

Laventiana annectens Rosenberger et al., 1991

Dolichocebus
Dolichocebus
Dolichocebus gaimanensis is an extinct New World monkey species that lived in Argentine Patagonia about 25 million years ago....

Kraglievich, 1951

Dolichocebus gaimanensis Kraglievich, 1951

Cebinae, incertae sedis

Chilecebus Flynn & al, 1995

Chilecebus carrascoensis
Chilecebus carrascoensis
Chilecebus carrascoensis is an extinct species of New World monkey that lived in what is now Chile during the Early Miocene some 20 million years ago. It had a body mass of about 1.3 pounds .-References:...

Flynn & al, 1995

Aotinae Elliot, 1913

Aotus Illiger, 1811

Aotus dindensis Setoguchi & Rosenberger, 1987

Aotinae, incertae sedis

Tremacebus
Tremacebus
Tremacebus harringtoni is an extinct species of New World monkey.Tremacebus was about in length, and would have resembled a modern night monkey, to which it may have been related. However, its eyes appear to have been smaller than the modern species, CT scans of the cranium suggest a relatively...

Hershkovitz, 1974

Tremacebus harringtoni Rusconi, 1933

Callitrichinae
Callitrichinae
The Callitrichidae is one of five families of New World monkeys. The family includes several genera, including the marmosets, tamarins, and lion tamarins...

Thomas, 1903

Tribus: Callimiconi

Mohanamico Luchterhand et al., 1986

Mohanamico hershkovitzi Luchterhand et al., 1986

Callitrichinae
Callitrichinae
The Callitrichidae is one of five families of New World monkeys. The family includes several genera, including the marmosets, tamarins, and lion tamarins...

, incertae sedis

Patasola
Patasola
The Patasola or "one foot" is one of many myths in South American folklore about female monsters from the jungle, appearing to male hunters or loggers in the middle of the wilderness when they think about women...

Kay & Meldrum, 1997

Patasola magdalenae Kay & Meldrum, 1997

Lagonimico Kay, 1994

Lagonimico conclutatus Kay, 1994

Micodon Setoguchi & Rosenberger, 1985

Micodon kiotensis Setoguchi & Rosenberger, 1985

Platyrrhini, incertae sedis

Branisella Hoffstetter, 1969
- Branisella boliviana
  Branisella boliviana
  Branisella is an extinct genus of New World monkey from the Salla formation of what is now Bolivia during the late Oligocene, approximately 26 million years ago.It is the oldest fossil New World Monkey discovered....
  
  Hoffstetter, 1969

Catarrhini
Catarrhini
Catarrhini is one of the two subdivisions of the higher primates . It contains the Old World monkeys and the apes, which in turn are further divided into the lesser apes or gibbons and the great apes, consisting of the orangutans, gorillas, chimpanzees, bonobos, and humans...

, incertae sedis

Limnopithecus Hopwood, 1933

Limnopithecus evansi MacInnes, 1943

Limnopithecus legetet Hopwood, 1933

Kalepithecus Harrison, 1988

Kalepithecus songhorensis Andrews, 1978

Kamoyapithecus
Kamoyapithecus
Kamoyapithecus was a primate that lived in Africa during the late Oligocene period, about 24.2-27.5 million years ago. First found in 1948 as part of a University of California, Berkeley expedition, it was at first thought to be under a form of Proconsul by C.T...

Leakey et al., 1995

Kamoyapithecus hamiltoni Madden, 1980

Propliothecoidea

Oligopithecidae
Oligopithecidae
Oligopithecidae is an extinct primate family from the late Eocene of Egypt . Its members were probably insectivorous due to their simple molars and cusp arrangement. This family split off the lineage of Old World monkeys and apes sometime after the New World monkeys also split off.- External links :*...

Kay & Williams, 1994

Catopithecus
Catopithecus
Catopithecus is an early fossil catarrhine that post dates the platyrrhine – catarrhine divergence but predates the hominoid – cercopithecoid divergence...

Simons, 1989

Catopithecus browni Simons, 1989

Oligopithecus Simons, 1962

Oligopithecus rogeri Gheerbrant et al., 1995

Oligopithecus savagei
Oligopithecus savagei
Oligopithecus savagei is a fossil primate that lived in Africa during the Early Oligocene. This species is only known from one jaw bone and was found in Egypt...

Simons, 1962

Propliopithecidae Straus, 1961

Moeripithecus Schlosser, 1910

Moeripithecus markgrafi Schlosser, 1910

Propliopithecus
Propliopithecus
Propliopithecus is an extinct genus of ape.The 40 cm long creature resembled today's gibbons. Its eyes faced forwards, giving it stereoscopical vision. Propliopithecus was most likely an omnivore. It is possible that Propliopithecus is the same creature as Aegyptopithecus...

Schlosser, 1910

Propliopithecus ankeli Simons et al., 1987

Propliopithecus chirobates Simons, 1965

Propliopithecus haeckeli Schlosser, 1910

Aegyptopithecus
Aegyptopithecus
Aegyptopithecus zeuxis means “linking Egyptian ape”. It was discovered by E. Simons in 1965. There is controversy over whether or not Aegyptopithecus should be a genus on its own or whether it should be moved into the genus Propliopithecus. If Aegyptopithecus is placed in its own genus, then there...

Simons, 1965

Aegyptopithecus zeuxis Simons, 1965

Pliopithecoidea

Piopithecidae Zapfe, 1960

Dionysopithecinae

Dionysopithecus Li, 1978

Dionysopithecus orientalis Suteethorn et al., 1990

Dionysopithecus shuangouensis Li, 1978

Platodonpithecus Li, 1978

Platodonpithecus jianghuaiensis Li, 1978

Pliopitheciinae

Pliopithecus
Pliopithecus
Pliopithecus is a genus of extinct primates of the Miocene and Pliocene. It was discovered in 1837 by Édouard Lartet in France, with fossils subsequently discovered in Switzerland and Spain....

Gervais, 1849

Pliopithecus antiquus Gervais, 1849

Pliopithecus piveteaui Hürzeler, 1954

Pliopithecus platyodon Bidermann, 1863

Pliopithecus zhanxiangi Harrison et al., 1991

Epipliopithecus Zapfe & Hürzeler, 1957

Epipliopithecus vindobonensis Zapfe & Hürzeler, 1957

Egarapithecus Moyà-Solà et al., 2001

Egarapithecus narcisoi Moyà-Solà et al., 2001

Crouzeliidae
- Cruouzeliinae Ginsburg & Mein, 1980
  
  Plesiopliopithecus Zapfe, 1961
  
  Plesiopliopithecus auscitanensis Bergounioux & Crouzel, 1965
  
  Plesiopliopithecus lockeri Zapfe, 1961
  
  Plesiopliopithecus priensis Welcomme et al., 1991
  
  Plesiopliopithecus rhodanica Ginsburg & Mein, 1980
  
  Anapithecus Kretzoi
  Miklós Kretzoi
  Miklós Kretzoi was a Hungarian geologist, paleontologist and paleoanthropologist and Széchenyi Prize winner....
  
  , 1975
  
  Anapithecus hernyaki Kretzoi
  Miklós Kretzoi
  Miklós Kretzoi was a Hungarian geologist, paleontologist and paleoanthropologist and Széchenyi Prize winner....
  
  , 1975
  
  Laccopithecus Wu & Pan, 1984
  
  Laccopithecus robustus Wu & Pan, 1984

Pliopithecoidea, incertae sedis

Paidopithex Pohlig, 1895

Paidopithex rhenanus Pohlig, 1895

Cercopithecoidea

Victoriapithecidae von Koenigswald, 1969

Victoriapithecus von Koenigswald, 1969

Victoriapithecus macinnesi
Victoriapithecus macinnesi
Victoriapithecus macinnesi was a primate. It was described from a single fossil specimen, the oldest Old World monkey skull fossil. It was discovered near Lake Victoria in Kenya and is from the middle Miocene and was closely related to the two or three extinct Prohylobates...

von Koenigswald, 1969

Prohylobates Fourtau, 1918

Prohylobates tandyi Fourtau, 1918

Prohylobates simonsi Delson, 1979
- Cercopithecidae Gray, 1821
  
  Colobinae
  Colobinae
  Colobinae is a subfamily of the Old World monkey family that includes 59 species in 10 genera, including the skunk-like black-and-white colobus, the large-nosed proboscis monkey, and the gray langurs. Some classifications split the colobine monkeys into two tribes, while others split them into...
  
  Jernon, 1867
  
  Tribus: Colobini
  
  Microcolobus Benefit & Pickford, 1986
  
  Microcolobus tugenensis Benefit & Pickford, 1986
  
  Rhinocolobus M.G. Leakey, 1982
  
  Rhinocolobus turkanaensis M.G. Leakey, 1982
  
  Colobinae
  Colobinae
  Colobinae is a subfamily of the Old World monkey family that includes 59 species in 10 genera, including the skunk-like black-and-white colobus, the large-nosed proboscis monkey, and the gray langurs. Some classifications split the colobine monkeys into two tribes, while others split them into...
  
  , incertae sedis
  
  Mesopithecus
  Mesopithecus
  Mesopithecus is an extinct genus of Old World monkey that lived in Europe and western Asia 7 to 5 million years ago. It was once thought that it might be an ancestor of the grey langur, but a more recent study suggests that they are more closely related to the snub-nosed monkeys and...
  
  Wagner, 1839
  
  Mesopithecus pentelicus Wagner, 1839
  
  Mesopithecus monspessulanus Gervais, 1849
  
  Rhinopithecus É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1812
  
  Subgenus Rhinopithecus É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1812
  
  Rhinopithecus (Rhinopithecus) lantianensis Hu & Qi, 1978
  
  Dolichopithecus Depéret, 1889
  
  Dolichopithecus ruscinensis Depéret, 1889
  
  Libypithecus
  Libypithecus
  Libypithecus markgrafi is an extinct genus of primate that lived in the Late Miocene....
  
  Stromer, 1913
  
  Libypithecus markgrafi Stromer, 1913
  
  Presbytis Eschscholtz, 1821
  
  Presbytis sivalensis Lydekker, 1878
  
  Semnopithecus Desmarest, 1822
  
  Semnopithecus palaeindicus Lydekker, 1884
  
  Parapresbytis Kalmykov & Maschenko, 1992
  
  Parapresbytis eohanuman Berissoglebskaya, 1981
  
  Cercopithecoides Mollett, 1947
  
  Cercopithecoides kimeui M.G. Leakey, 1982
  
  Cercopithecoides williamsi Mollett, 1947
  
  Paracolobus
  Paracolobus
  Paracolobus is an extinct genus of primate in the Colobini tribe, which also contains the living colobus monkeys. It lived in eastern Africa in the early to late Pliocene.-Literature cited:...
  
  R.E.F. Leakey, 1969
  
  Paracolobus chemeroni R.E.F. Leakey, 1969
  
  Paracolobus mutiwa M.G. Leakey, 1969
  
  Cercopithecinae
  Cercopithecinae
  The Cercopithecinae are a subfamily of the Old World monkeys, that includes in its roughly 71 species the baboons, the macaques and the vervet monkeys...
  
  Gray, 1821
  
  Tribus: Papionini
  Papionini
  Papionini is a tribe of Old World monkey that includes several large monkey species, including the macaques, baboons and the Mandrill.- Classification :* FAMILY CERCOPITHECIDAE** Subfamily Cercopithecinae*** Tribe Cercopithecini*** Tribe Papionini...
  
  Subtribus: Macanina
  
  Macaca
  Macaque
  The macaques constitute a genus of Old World monkeys of the subfamily Cercopithecinae. - Description :Aside from humans , the macaques are the most widespread primate genus, ranging from Japan to Afghanistan and, in the case of the barbary macaque, to North Africa...
  
  Lacépède, 1799
  
  Macaca anderssoni
  Macaca anderssoni
  Macaca anderssoni is a prehistoric species of Macaque from the Pleistocene of Japan. It weighed between 7.5 kg and 10.5 kg....
  
  Schlosser, 1924
  
  Macaca jiangchuanensis
  Macaca jiangchuanensis
  Macaca jiangchuanensis was a prehistoric Macaque from the early Holocene of China....
  
  Pan et al., 1992
  
  Macaca libyca
  Macaca libyca
  Macaca libyca was a prehistoric Macaque from the Late Miocene of Egypt...
  
  Stromer, 1920
  
  Macaca majori
  Macaca majori
  Macaca majori was a prehistoric Macaque from the Pleistocene of Sardinia, Italy...
  
  Schaub & Azzaroli in Comaschi Caria, 1969 (sometimes included in M. sylvanus)
  
  Procynocephalus Schlosser, 1924
  
  Procynocephalus subhimalayanus von Meyer, 1848
  
  Procynocephalus wimani Schlosser, 1924
  
  Paradolichopithecus Necrasov et al., 1961
  
  Paradolichopithecus arvernensis Depéret, 1929
  
  Subtribus: Papionina
  
  Parapapio
  Parapapio
  Parapapio is a genus of prehistoric baboons closely resembling the forest dwelling mangabeys. Parapapio is distinguished from other Papio by the lack of an anteorbital drop, thin browridges, absence of maxillary fossae or a sagittal crest and only slight sexual dimorphism.There are four recognized...
  
  Jones, 1937
  
  Parapapio ado Hopwood, 1936
  
  Parapapio antiquus Haughton, 1925
  
  Parapapio broomi Jones, 1937
  
  Parapapio jonesi Broom, 1940
  
  Parapapio whitei Broom, 1940
  
  Dinopithecus
  Dinopithecus
  Dinopithecus was an extinct giant baboon that lived during the Pliocene....
  
  Broom, 1937
  
  Dinopithecus ingens Broom, 1937
  
  Gorgopithecus
  Gorgopithecus
  Gorgopithecus is an extinct genus of primate, closely related to the baboons....
  
  Broom & Robinson, 1946
  
  Gorgopithecus major Broom, 1940
  
  Theropithecus I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1843
  
  Subgenus: Theropithecus Delson, 1993
  
  Theropithecus (Theropithecus) darti Broom & Jensen, 1946
  
  Theropithecus (Theropithecus) oswaldi Andrews, 1916
  
  Subgenus: Omopithecus Delson, 1993
  
  Theropithecus (Omopithecus) baringensis R.E.F. Leakey, 1969
  
  Theropithecus (Omopithecus) brumpti Arambourg, 1947
  
  Theropithecus (Omopithecus) quadratirostris Iwamoto, 1982
  
  Papio
  
  Papio izodi Gear, 1926

Proconsuloidea

Proconsulidae
Proconsulidae
The Proconsulidae are an early family of primates that lived during the Miocene epoch in Kenya, and was restricted to Africa. The family is split into two subfamilies....

Leakey, 1963

Proconsulinae Leakey, 1963

Proconsul Hopwood, 1933

Proconsul africanus
Proconsul africanus
Proconsul africanus is the first species of the oligocene-era fossil genus of primate to be discovered and was named by Arthur Hopwood, an associate of Louis Leakey, in 1933.- Discovery :...

Hopwood, 1933

Proconsul heseloni Walker et al., 1993

Proconsul major
Proconsul major
Proconsul major, an extinct primate of the genus Proconsul, was possibly the ancestor of Afropithecus and showed hominid characteristics. It occurred during the early Miocene and was roughly, the size of a gorilla....

Le Gros Clark & Leakey, 1950

Proconsul nyanzae
Proconsul nyanzae
Proconsul nyanzae is a species of fossil primate first discovered by Louis Leakey on Rusinga Island in 1942, which he published in Nature in 1943. A joint publication of Wilfrid Le Gros Clark and Louis Leakey in 1951, "The Miocene Hominoidea of East Africa", first defines Proconsul nyanzae...

Le Gros Clark & Leakey, 1950

Nyanzapithecinae Harrison, 2002

Nyanzapithecus Harrison, 1986

Nyanzapithecus harrisoni Kunimatsu, 1997

Nyanzapithecus pickfordi Harrison, 1986

Nyanzapithecus vancouveringorum Andrews, 1974

Mabokopithecus von Koenigswald, 1969

Mabokopithecus clarki von Koenigswald, 1969

Rangwapithecus Andrews, 1974

Rangwapithecus gordoni Andrews, 1974

Turkanapithecus Leakey & Leakey, 1986

Turkanapithecus kalakolensis Leakey & Leakey, 1986

Dendropithecoidea

Dendropithecidae Harrison, 2002

Dendropithecus
Dendropithecus
Dendropithecus is an extinct genus of apes native to East Africa between 20 and 15 million years ago. It may have been the ancestor of modern gibbons, which it resembled in some respects.Dendropithecus was a slender ape, about in body length...

Andrews & Simons, 1977

Dendropithecus macinnesi Le Gros Clark & Leakey, 1950

Micropithecus Fleagle & Simons, 1978

Micropithecus clarki Fleagle & Simons, 1978
Micropithecus leakeyorum Harrison, 1989

Simiolus Leakey & Leakey, 1987

Simiolus enjiessi Leakey & Leakey, 1987

Hominoidea

Griphopithecidae Begun, 2002

Griphopithecus Abel, 1902

Griphopithecus africanus Begun, 2002
Griphopithecus alpani Tekkaya, 1974
Griphopithecus darwini Abel, 1902
- Hominidae
  Hominidae
  The Hominidae or include them .), as the term is used here, form a taxonomic family, including four extant genera: chimpanzees , gorillas , humans , and orangutans ....
  
  Gray, 1825
  - Afropithecinae Andrews, 1992
    - Afropithecus
      Afropithecus
      Afropithecus turkanensis, a new Miocene hominoid, was excavated from a small site near Lake Turkana called Kalodirr in northern Kenya in 1986 and was named by Richard Leakey and Meave Leakey...
      
      Leakey & Leakey, 1986
      - Afropithecus turkanensis Leakey & Leakey, 1986
    - Heliopithecus
      Heliopithecus
      Heliopithecus is an extinct genus of primates that existed 16 million years ago during the Miocene epoch. Fragmentary fossil remains of a jaw and isolated teeth were found in Saudi Arabia which have been described as belonging to H. leakeyi...
      
      Andrews & Martin, 1987
      - Heliopithecus leakeyi Andrews & Martin, 1987
    - Nacholapithecus Ishida et al., 1999
      - Nacholapithecus kerioi Ishida et al., 1999
    - Equatorius Ward et al., 1999
      - Equatorius africanus Ward et al., 1999
  - Kenyapithecinae Leakey, 1962
    - Kenyapithecus Leakey, 1962
      - Kenyapithecus wickeri
        Kenyapithecus wickeri
        Kenyapithecus wickeri was a fossil ape discovered by Louis Leakey in 1961 at a site called Fort Ternan in Kenya. The upper jaw and teeth were dated to 14 million years ago....
        
        Leakey, 1962
      - Kenyanthropus platyops
        Kenyanthropus platyops
        Kenyanthropus platyops is a 3.5 to 3.2 million year old hominin fossil that was discovered in Lake Turkana, Kenya in 1999 by Justus Erus, who was part of Meave Leakey's team...
        
        Leakey et al., 2001
  - Homininae
    Homininae
    Homininae is a subfamily of Hominidae, which includes humans, gorillas and chimpanzees, and some extinct relatives; it comprises all those hominids, such as Australopithecus, that arose after the split from orangutans . Our family tree, which has 3 main branches leading to chimpanzees, humans and...
    
    Gray, 1825
  - Tribus: Dryopithecini
    - Dryopithecus
      Dryopithecus
      Dryopithecus was a genus of apes that is known from Eastern Africa into Eurasia during the late Miocene period. The first species of Dryopithecus was discovered at the site of Saint-Gaudens, Haute-Garonne, France, in 1856...
      
      Lartet, 1856
      - Dryopithecus brancoi Schlosser, 1901
      - Dryopithecus crusafonti Begun, 1992
      - Dryopithecus fontani
        Dryopithecus fontani
        Dryopithecus fontani is an extinct ape that was first discovered in Saint-Gaudens, Haute-Garonne, France, in the 19th century, and was dated to the middle Miocene.-Morphology:...
        
        Lartet, 1856
      - Dryopithecus laietanus Villalta & Crusafont, 1944
      - Dryopithecus wuduensis Xue & Delson, 1988
    - Ouranopithecus Bonis & Melentis, 1977
      - Ouranopithecus macedoniensis
        Ouranopithecus macedoniensis
        Ouranopithecus macedoniensis, sometimes called Graecopithecus freybergi, is a prehistoric hominid species found in Greece and dated to the late Miocene. Based on O. macedoniensiss dental and facial anatomy, it is possible that O. macedoniensis was a dryopithecine. However, O...
        
        Bonis & Melentis, 1977
  - Tribus: Gorillini
    - Chororapithecus Suwa et al., 2007
      - Chororapithecus abyssinicus
        Chororapithecus abyssinicus
        Chororapithecus abyssinicus was an ape that lived about during the Miocene Epoch. It is believed to be the earliest known species of gorilla...
        
        Suwa et al., 2007
  - Tribus: Hominini
    Hominini
    Hominini is the tribe of Homininae that comprises Homo, and the two species of the genus Pan , their ancestors, and the extinct lineages of their common ancestor . Members of the tribe are called hominins...
    - Sahelanthropus Brunet et al., 2002
      - Sahelanthropus tchadensis
        Sahelanthropus tchadensis
        Sahelanthropus tchadensis is an extinct hominid species that is dated to about . Whether it can be regarded as part of the Hominina tree is unclear; there are arguments both supporting and rejecting it...
        
        Brunet et al., 2002
    - Ardipithecus
      Ardipithecus
      Ardipithecus is a very early hominin genus. Two species are described in the literature: A. ramidus, which lived about 4.4 million years ago during the early Pliocene, and A. kadabba, dated to approximately 5.6 million years ago ....
      
      White et al., 1995
      - Ardipithecus ramidus White et al., 1994
      - Ardipithecus kadabba
    - Australopithecus
      Australopithecus
      Australopithecus is a genus of hominids that is now extinct. From the evidence gathered by palaeontologists and archaeologists, it appears that the Australopithecus genus evolved in eastern Africa around 4 million years ago before spreading throughout the continent and eventually becoming extinct...
      
      Dart, 1925
      - Australopithecus anamensis
        Australopithecus anamensis
        Australopithecus anamensis is a stem-human species that lived approximately four million years ago. Nearly one hundred fossil specimens are known from Kenya and Ethiopia, representing over 20 individuals.- Discovery :...
        
        Leakey et al., 1995
      - Australopithecus afarensis
        Australopithecus afarensis
        Australopithecus afarensis is an extinct hominid that lived between 3.9 and 2.9 million years ago. A. afarensis was slenderly built, like the younger Australopithecus africanus. It is thought that A...
        
        Johanson et al., 1978
      - Australopithecus bahrelghazali
        Australopithecus bahrelghazali
        Australopithecus bahrelghazali is a fossil hominin that was first discovered in 1993 by the paleontologist Michel Brunet in the Bahr el Ghazal valley near Koro Toro, in Chad, that Brunet named Abel...
        
        Brunet et al., 1995
      - Australopithecus africanus
        Australopithecus africanus
        Australopithecus africanus was an early hominid, an australopithecine, who lived between 2–3 million years ago in the Pliocene. In common with the older Australopithecus afarensis, A. africanus was slenderly built, or gracile, and was thought to have been a direct ancestor of modern humans. Fossil...
        
        Dart, 1925
      - Australopithecus garhi
        Australopithecus garhi
        Australopithecus garhi is a gracile australopithecine species whose fossils were discovered in 1996 by a research team led by Ethiopian paleontologist Berhane Asfaw and Tim White, an American paleontologist. The hominin remains are believed to be a human ancestor species and the final missing link...
        
        Asfaw et al., 1999
      - Australopithecus sediba
        Australopithecus sediba
        Australopithecus sediba is a species of Australopithecus of the early Pleistocene, identified based on fossil remains dated to about 2 million years ago....
    - Paranthropus
      Paranthropus
      The robust australopithecines, members of the extinct hominin genus Paranthropus , were bipedal hominids that probably descended from the gracile australopithecine hominids...
      
      Broom, 1938
      - Paranthropus aethiopicus
        Paranthropus aethiopicus
        Paranthropus aethiopicus is an extinct species of hominid. The finding discovered in 1985 by Alan Walker in West Turkana, Kenya, KNM WT 17000 , is one of the earliest examples of robust pliocene hominids...
        
        Arambourg & Coppens, 1968
      - Paranthropus boisei
        Paranthropus boisei
        Paranthropus boisei was an early hominin and described as the largest of the Paranthropus species...
        
        Leakey, 1959
      - Paranthropus robustus
        Paranthropus robustus
        Paranthropus robustus was originally discovered in Southern Africa in 1938. The development of P. robustus, namely in cranial features, seemed to be aimed in the direction of a "heavy-chewing complex"...
        
        Broom, 1938
    - Homo
      Homo
      Homo may refer to:*the Greek prefix ὅμο-, meaning "the same"*the Latin for man, human being*Homo, the taxonomical genus including modern humans...
      
      Linnaeus, 1758
      - Homo habilis
        Homo habilis
        Homo habilis is a species of the genus Homo, which lived from approximately at the beginning of the Pleistocene period. The discovery and description of this species is credited to both Mary and Louis Leakey, who found fossils in Tanzania, East Africa, between 1962 and 1964. Homo habilis Homo...
        
        Leakey et al., 1964
      - Homo erectus
        Homo erectus
        Homo erectus is an extinct species of hominid that lived from the end of the Pliocene epoch to the later Pleistocene, about . The species originated in Africa and spread as far as India, China and Java. There is still disagreement on the subject of the classification, ancestry, and progeny of H...
        
        Dubois, 1892
      - Homo rudolfensis
        Homo rudolfensis
        Homo rudolfensis is a fossil human species discovered by Bernard Ngeneo, a member of a team led by anthropologist Richard Leakey and zoologist Meave Leakey in 1972, at Koobi Fora on the east side of Lake Rudolf in Kenya. The scientific name Pithecanthropus rudolfensis was proposed in 1978 by V. P...
        
        Alexeev, 1986
      - Homo georgicus
        Homo georgicus
        Homo georgicus is a species of Homo that was suggested in 2002 to describe fossil skulls and jaws found in Dmanisi, Georgia in 1999 and 2001, which seem intermediate between Homo habilis and H. erectus. A partial skeleton was discovered in 2001. The fossils are about 1.8 million years old...
        
        Vekua et al., 2002
      - Homo ergaster
        Homo ergaster
        Homo ergaster is an extinct chronospecies of Homo that lived in eastern and southern Africa during the early Pleistocene, about 2.5–1.7 million years ago.There is still disagreement on the subject of the classification, ancestry, and progeny of H...
        
        Groves & Mazak, 1975
      - Homo antecessor
        Homo antecessor
        Homo antecessor is an extinct human species dating from 1.2 million to 800,000 years ago, that was discovered by Eudald Carbonell, Juan Luis Arsuaga and J. M. Bermúdez de Castro. H. antecessor is one of the earliest known human varieties in Europe. Various archaeologists and anthropologists have...
        
        Bermúdez de Castro et al., 1997
      - Homo cepranensis
        Homo cepranensis
        Homo cepranensis is a proposed name for a human species, known from only one skull cap discovered in 1994. The fossil was discovered by archeologist Italo Biddittu and was nicknamed "Ceprano Man" after a nearby town in the province of Frosinone, 89 kilometers Southeast of Rome, Italy.The age of...
        
        Mallegni et al., 2003
      - Homo heidelbergensis
        Homo heidelbergensis
        Homo heidelbergensis is an extinct species of the genus Homo which may be the direct ancestor of both Homo neanderthalensis in Europe and Homo sapiens. The best evidence found for these hominins date between 600,000 and 400,000 years ago. H...
        
        Schoetensack, 1908
      - Homo neanderthalensis King, 1864
      - Homo rhodesiensis
        Homo rhodesiensis
        Homo rhodesiensis is a hominin species described from the fossil Kabwe skull. Other morphologically-comparable remains have been found from the same, or earlier, time period in southern Africa , East Africa and North Africa...
        
        Woodward, 1921
      - Homo floresiensis
        Homo floresiensis
        Homo floresiensis is a possible species, now extinct, in the genus Homo. The remains were discovered in 2003 on the island of Flores in Indonesia. Partial skeletons of nine individuals have been recovered, including one complete cranium...
        
        P. Brown et al., 2004
  - Ponginae
    Ponginae
    Ponginae is a subfamily in the hominidae family. It contains a number of genera, all but one extinct:*Pongo *†Gigantopithecus*†Sivapithecus*†Lufengpithecus*†Ankarapithecus*†Ouranopithecus*†Griphopithecus...
    
    Elliot, 1913
  - Tribus: Sivapithecini
    - Sivapithecus
      Sivapithecus
      Sivapithecus is a genus of extinct primates. Fossil remains of animals now assigned to this genus, dated from 12.5 million to 8.5 million years old in the Miocene, have been found since the 19th century in the Siwalik Hills in what is now India, Nepal, and Pakistan...
      
      Pilgrim, 1910
      - Sivapithecus indicus Pilgrim, 1910
      - Sivapithecus parvada Kelley, 1988
      - Sivapithecus sivalensis Lydekker, 1879
    - Gigantopithecus
      Gigantopithecus
      Gigantopithecus is an extinct genus of ape that existed from roughly one million years to as recently as three hundred thousand years ago, in what is now China, India, and Vietnam, placing Gigantopithecus in the same time frame and geographical location as several hominin species...
      
      von Koenigswald, 1935
      - Gigantopithecus blacki von Koenigswald, 1935
      - Gigantopithecus giganteus Pilgrim, 1915
    - Ankarapithecus
      Ankarapithecus
      Ankarapithecus is a genus of extinct ape. It was probably frugivorous, and would have weighed about 60 pounds. Its remains were found close to Ankara in central Turkey beginning in the 1950s. It lived during the Late Miocene. It was similar to Sivapithecus....
      
      Ozansoy, 1965
      - Ankarapithecus meteai Ozansoy, 1965
  - Tribus: Lufengpithecini
    - Lufengpithecus
      Lufengpithecus
      Lufengpithecus is a genus of extinct ape generally placed in the Ponginae subfamily.It contains three species: Lufengpithecus lufengensis, Lufengpithecus hudienensis and Lufengpithecus keiyuanensis....
      
      Wu, 1987
      - Lufengpithecus chiangmuanensis Chaimanee et al., 2003
      - Lufengpithecus hudiensis Zhang et al., 1987
      - Lufengpithecus keiyuanensis Woo, 1957
      - Lufengpithecus lufengensis Xu et al., 1978
  - Oreopithecinae Schalbe, 1915
    - Oreopithecus Gervais, 1872
      - Oreopithecus bamboli Gervais, 1872
- Hominidae
  Hominidae
  The Hominidae or include them .), as the term is used here, form a taxonomic family, including four extant genera: chimpanzees , gorillas , humans , and orangutans ....
  
  , incertae sedis

Graecopithecus von Koenigswald, 1972

Graecopithecus freybergi von Koenigswald, 1972

Otavipithecus Conroy et al., 1992

Otavipithecus namibiensis Conroy et al., 1992

Samburupithecus
Samburupithecus
Samburupithecus was a primate that lived in Kenya during the middle to late Miocene. The one species in this genus, Samburupithecus kiptalami, is known only from a maxilla fragment dated to 9.5 Ma discovered by Hidemi Ishida and Martin Pickford in 1997. Samburupithecus was approximately...

Ishida & Pickford, 1997

Samburupithecus kiptalami Ishida & Pickford, 1997

Orrorin Senut et al., 2001

Orrorin tugenensis
Orrorin tugenensis
Orrorin tugenensis is considered to be the second-oldest known hominin ancestor that is possibly related to modern humans, and it is the only species classified in genus Orrorin...

Senut et al., 2001
- Hominoidea, incertae sedis

Pierolapithecus Moyà-Solà, 2004

Pierolapithecus catalaunicus
Pierolapithecus catalaunicus
Pierolapithecus catalaunicus is an extinct species of primate which lived about 13 million years ago during the Miocene in what is now Hostalets de Pierola, Catalonia giving the name to the species...

Moyà-Solà, 2004

Morotopithecus
Morotopithecus
Morotopithecus bishopi is a species of fossil ape discovered in Moroto, Uganda.The phylogenetic status of Morotopithecus bishopi is debated to the extent that it challenges established views on the connection between Miocene primates and extant hominids...

Gebo et al., 1997

Morotopithecus bishopi Gebo et al., 1997

External links

Interactive map of fossil finds

(note: the catalogue loads with pages in reverse order - i.e. last page first)

The source of this article is wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.

Basal stem group Strepsirhini

AdapiformesAdapiformesAdapiformes are an extinct group of primitive primates.The adapiformes radiated throughout much of the northern continental mass, reaching as far south as northern Africa and tropical Asia. The adapiformes existed from the Eocene to the Miocene epoch..., incertae sedis

Adapoidea

LorisiformesLorisiformesLorisiformes are a group of primates found throughout Africa and Asia. Members of this infraorder include the galagos and the lorises. As strepsirrhines, they are related to the lemurs.* Order Primates** Suborder Strepsirrhini: non-tarsier prosimians...

Lemuriformes

Omomyoidea

Simiiformes, incertae sedis

Platyrrhini

Platyrrhini, incertae sedis

Propliothecoidea

Pliopithecoidea

Pliopithecoidea, incertae sedis

Cercopithecoidea

Proconsuloidea

Dendropithecoidea

Hominoidea

Further reading

External links

Adapiformes
Adapiformes
Adapiformes are an extinct group of primitive primates.The adapiformes radiated throughout much of the northern continental mass, reaching as far south as northern Africa and tropical Asia. The adapiformes existed from the Eocene to the Miocene epoch...

, incertae sedis

Lorisiformes
Lorisiformes
Lorisiformes are a group of primates found throughout Africa and Asia. Members of this infraorder include the galagos and the lorises. As strepsirrhines, they are related to the lemurs.* Order Primates** Suborder Strepsirrhini: non-tarsier prosimians...