Cebidae
Encyclopedia
The Cebidae is one of the five families
of New World monkeys now recognised. It includes the capuchin monkey
s and squirrel monkey
s. These species are found throughout tropical and subtropical South
and Central America
.
They are omnivorous
, mostly eating fruit and insects, although the proportions of these foods vary greatly between species. They have the dental formula
:
Females give birth to one or two young after a gestation
period of between 130 and 170 days, depending on species. They are social animals, living in groups of between five and forty individuals, with the smaller species typically forming larger groups. They are generally diurnal in habit.
s, tamarin
s, and lion tamarin
s were placed as a subfamily (Callitrichinae) in Cebidae, while moving other genera from Cebidae into the families Aotidae, Pitheciidae
and Atelidae
. The most recent classification of New World monkeys again splits the callitrichids off, leaving only the capuchins and squirrel monkeys in this family.
Family (biology)
In biological classification, family is* a taxonomic rank. Other well-known ranks are life, domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, genus, and species, with family fitting between order and genus. As for the other well-known ranks, there is the option of an immediately lower rank, indicated by the...
of New World monkeys now recognised. It includes the capuchin monkey
Capuchin monkey
The capuchins are New World monkeys of the genus Cebus. The range of capuchin monkeys includes Central America and South America as far south as northern Argentina...
s and squirrel monkey
Squirrel monkey
The squirrel monkeys are the New World monkeys of the genus Saimiri. They are the only genus in the subfamily Saimirinae.Squirrel monkeys live in the tropical forests of Central and South America in the canopy layer. Most species have parapatric or allopatric ranges in the Amazon, while S...
s. These species are found throughout tropical and subtropical South
South America
South America is a continent situated in the Western Hemisphere, mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere. The continent is also considered a subcontinent of the Americas. It is bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean and on the north and east...
and Central America
Central America
Central America is the central geographic region of the Americas. It is the southernmost, isthmian portion of the North American continent, which connects with South America on the southeast. When considered part of the unified continental model, it is considered a subcontinent...
.
Characteristics
Cebid monkeys are arboreal animals that only rarely travel on the ground. They are generally small monkeys, ranging in size up to that of the Brown Capuchin, with a body length of 33 to 56 cm, and a weight of 2.5 to 3.9 kilograms. They are somewhat variable in form and coloration, but all have the wide, flat, noses typical of New World Monkeys.They are omnivorous
Omnivore
Omnivores are species that eat both plants and animals as their primary food source...
, mostly eating fruit and insects, although the proportions of these foods vary greatly between species. They have the dental formula
Dentition
Dentition pertains to the development of teeth and their arrangement in the mouth. In particular, the characteristic arrangement, kind, and number of teeth in a given species at a given age...
:
Females give birth to one or two young after a gestation
Gestation
Gestation is the carrying of an embryo or fetus inside a female viviparous animal. Mammals during pregnancy can have one or more gestations at the same time ....
period of between 130 and 170 days, depending on species. They are social animals, living in groups of between five and forty individuals, with the smaller species typically forming larger groups. They are generally diurnal in habit.
Classification
Previously, New World monkeys were divided between Callitrichidae and this family. For a few recent years, marmosetMarmoset
Marmosets are the 22 New World monkey species of the genera Callithrix, Cebuella, Callibella, and Mico. All four genera are part of the biological family Callitrichidae. The term marmoset is also used in reference to the Goeldi's Monkey, Callimico goeldii, which is closely related.Most marmosets...
s, tamarin
Tamarin
The tamarins are squirrel-sized New World monkeys from the family Callitrichidae in the genus Saguinus. They are closely related to the lion tamarins in the genus Leontopithecus.- Range :...
s, and lion tamarin
Lion tamarin
The four species of lion tamarins make up the genus Leontopithecus. They are small New World monkeys named for the mane surrounding their face. Living in the eastern rainforests of Brazil, like all other callitrichids they are arboreal. Lion tamarins weigh up to 900 grams and are about...
s were placed as a subfamily (Callitrichinae) in Cebidae, while moving other genera from Cebidae into the families Aotidae, Pitheciidae
Pitheciidae
The Pitheciidae are one of the five families of New World monkeys now recognised. Formerly they were included in the family Atelidae. The family includes the titis, saki monkeys and uakaris...
and Atelidae
Atelidae
Atelidae is one of the five families of New World monkeys now recognised. It was formerly included in the family Cebidae. Atelids are generally larger monkeys; the family includes the howler, spider, woolly and woolly spider monkeys...
. The most recent classification of New World monkeys again splits the callitrichids off, leaving only the capuchins and squirrel monkeys in this family.
- Family Cebidae: capuchins and squirrel monkeys
- Subfamily Cebinae
- Genus CebusCEBusCEBus, short for Consumer Electronics Bus, also known as EIA-600, is a set of electrical standards and communication protocols for electronic devices to transmit commands and data...
- Black-striped CapuchinBlack-striped CapuchinThe black-striped capuchin, Cebus libidinosus, also known as the bearded capuchin, is a capuchin monkey from South America. It was the first non-ape primate where tool usage was documented in the wild, as individuals have been seen cracking nuts by placing them on a stone "anvil" while hitting them...
, Cebus libidinosus - Black CapuchinBlack CapuchinThe black capuchin, Cebus nigritus, also known as the black-horned capuchin, is a capuchin monkey from the Atlantic Forest in south-eastern Brazil and far north-eastern Argentina. Historically, it was included as a subspecies of the Tufted Capuchin....
, Cebus nigritus - Golden-bellied CapuchinGolden-bellied CapuchinThe golden-bellied capuchin , also known as the yellow-breasted or buffy-headed capuchin, is one of several species of New World monkeys....
, Cebus xanthosternos - Kaapori CapuchinKaapori CapuchinThe Kaapori capuchin is a capuchin monkey endemic to Brazil. This species is found in the Brazilian states of Pará and Maranhão. Formerly considered a subspecies of the weeper capuchin , it was recently elevated to species status....
, Cebus kaapori - Tufted CapuchinTufted CapuchinThe tufted capuchin , also known as brown capuchin or black-capped capuchin is a New World primate from South America...
, Cebus apella - White-headed CapuchinWhite-headed CapuchinThe white-headed capuchin , also known as the white-faced capuchin or white-throated capuchin, is a medium-sized New World monkey of the family Cebidae, subfamily Cebinae...
, Cebus capucinus - White-fronted CapuchinWhite-fronted CapuchinThe white-fronted capuchin, Cebus albifrons, is a species of capuchin monkey, a type of New World primate, found in seven different countries in South America: Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, and Trinidad and Tobago...
, Cebus albifrons - Weeper CapuchinWeeper CapuchinThe weeper capuchin is a capuchin monkey from South America. It is found in northern Brazil, Guyana, French Guiana, Suriname, Venezuela and possibly northern Colombia.-Diet:...
, Cebus olivaceus - Blond CapuchinBlond CapuchinThe blond capuchin is a species of the Cebus apella group in capuchin monkeys, the genus Cebus. This critically endangered species was rediscovered in 2006. It is endemic to northeastern Brazil, and it is estimated that only about 180 individuals remain.-Classification:The blond capuchin was first...
, Cebus flavius
- Black-striped Capuchin
- Genus Cebus
- Subfamily Saimiriinae
- Genus Saimiri
- Bare-eared Squirrel MonkeyBare-eared Squirrel MonkeyThe bare-eared squirrel monkey is a squirrel monkey endemic to Brazil....
, Saimiri ustus - Black Squirrel MonkeyBlack Squirrel MonkeyThe black squirrel monkey , also known as the blackish squirrel monkey or black-headed squirrel monkey, is a small New World primate, endemic to the central Amazon in Brazil...
, Saimiri vanzolini - Black-capped Squirrel MonkeyBlack-capped Squirrel MonkeyThe black-capped squirrel monkey is a South American squirrel monkey, found in Bolivia, Brazil and Peru. This South American monkey can be found at the Ellen Trout Zoo.-Subspecies:...
, Saimiri boliviensis - Central American Squirrel MonkeyCentral American Squirrel MonkeyThe Central American squirrel monkey is a squirrel monkey species from the Pacific coast of Costa Rica and Panama. It is restricted to the northwestern tip of Panama near the border with Costa Rica, and the central and southern Pacific coast of Costa Rica, primarily in Manuel Antonio and Corcovado...
, Saimiri oerstedi - Common Squirrel MonkeyCommon Squirrel MonkeyThe common squirrel monkey is a small New World primate from the Cebidae family, and native to the tropical areas of South America.-Location:...
, Saimiri sciureus
- Bare-eared Squirrel Monkey
- Genus Saimiri
- Subfamily Cebinae
Extinct taxa
- Subfamily Cebinae
- Genus Acrecebus
- Acrecebus fraileyiAcrecebus fraileyiAcrecebus fraileyi is a prehistoric cebid monkey from the Late Miocene Solimões Formation of Acre State, Brazil....
- Acrecebus fraileyi
- Genus DolichocebusDolichocebusDolichocebus gaimanensis is an extinct New World monkey species that lived in Argentine Patagonia about 25 million years ago....
- Dolichocebus gaimanensis
- Genus Chilecebus
- Chilecebus carrascoensisChilecebus carrascoensisChilecebus carrascoensis is an extinct species of New World monkey that lived in what is now Chile during the Early Miocene some 20 million years ago. It had a body mass of about 1.3 pounds .-References:...
- Chilecebus carrascoensis
- Genus Neosaimiri
- Neosaimiri fieldsi
- Genus Laventiana
- Laventiana annectens
- Genus Acrecebus