List of cardiac pharmaceutical agents
Encyclopedia
The followings are medication
s commonly prescribed cardiac pharmaceutical agents:
Medication
A pharmaceutical drug, also referred to as medicine, medication or medicament, can be loosely defined as any chemical substance intended for use in the medical diagnosis, cure, treatment, or prevention of disease.- Classification :...
s commonly prescribed cardiac pharmaceutical agents:
- Antiarrhythmic agents
- Type I (sodiumSodiumSodium is a chemical element with the symbol Na and atomic number 11. It is a soft, silvery-white, highly reactive metal and is a member of the alkali metals; its only stable isotope is 23Na. It is an abundant element that exists in numerous minerals, most commonly as sodium chloride...
channelIon channelIon channels are pore-forming proteins that help establish and control the small voltage gradient across the plasma membrane of cells by allowing the flow of ions down their electrochemical gradient. They are present in the membranes that surround all biological cells...
blockers)- Type Ia
- QuinidineQuinidineQuinidine is a pharmaceutical agent that acts as a class I antiarrhythmic agent in the heart. It is a stereoisomer of quinine, originally derived from the bark of the cinchona tree.-Mechanism:...
- Quinidine
- Type Ib
- LidocaineLidocaineLidocaine , Xylocaine, or lignocaine is a common local anesthetic and antiarrhythmic drug. Lidocaine is used topically to relieve itching, burning and pain from skin inflammations, injected as a dental anesthetic or as a local anesthetic for minor surgery.- History :Lidocaine, the first amino...
- PhenytoinPhenytoinPhenytoin sodium is a commonly used antiepileptic. Phenytoin acts to suppress the abnormal brain activity seen in seizure by reducing electrical conductance among brain cells by stabilizing the inactive state of voltage-gated sodium channels...
- Lidocaine
- Type Ic
- PropafenonePropafenonePropafenone is a class Ic anti-arrhythmic medication, which treats illnesses associated with rapid heart beats such as atrial and ventricular arrhythmias.-Mechanism of action:...
- Propafenone
- Type Ia
- Type II (beta blockerBeta blockerBeta blockers or beta-adrenergic blocking agents, beta-adrenergic antagonists, beta-adrenoreceptor antagonists or beta antagonists, are a class of drugs used for various indications. They are particularly for the management of cardiac arrhythmias, cardioprotection after myocardial infarction ,...
s)- MetoprololMetoprololMetoprolol is a selective β1 receptor blocker used in treatment of several diseases of the cardiovascular system, especially hypertension. The active substance metoprolol is employed either as metoprolol succinate or metoprolol tartrate...
- Metoprolol
- Type III (potassiumPotassiumPotassium is the chemical element with the symbol K and atomic number 19. Elemental potassium is a soft silvery-white alkali metal that oxidizes rapidly in air and is very reactive with water, generating sufficient heat to ignite the hydrogen emitted in the reaction.Potassium and sodium are...
channel blockers)- AmiodaroneAmiodaroneAmiodarone is an antiarrhythmic agent used for various types of tachyarrhythmias , both ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias. Discovered in 1961, it was not approved for use in the United States until 1985...
- DofetilideDofetilideDofetilide is a class III antiarrhythmic agent.It is marketed under the trade name Tikosyn by Pfizer, and is available in the United States in capsules containing 125, 250, and 500 µg of dofetilide....
- SotalolSotalolSotalol is a drug used in individuals with rhythm disturbances of the heart, and to treat hypertension in some individuals. It is a non-selective competitive β-adrenergic receptor blocker that also exhibits Class III antiarrhythmic properties by its inhibition of potassium channels...
- Amiodarone
- Type IV (slow calcium channel blockerCalcium channel blockerA calcium channel blocker is a chemical that disrupts the movement of calcium through calcium channels.CCB drugs devised to target neurons are used as antiepileptics. However, the most widespread clinical usage of calcium channel blockers is to decrease blood pressure in patients with...
s)- DiltiazemDiltiazemDiltiazem is a non-dihydropyridine member of the class of drugs known as calcium channel blockers, used in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris, and some types of arrhythmia....
- VerapamilVerapamilVerapamil is an L-type calcium channel blocker of the phenylalkylamine class. It has been used in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmia, and most recently, cluster headaches. It is also an effective preventive medication for migraine...
- Diltiazem
- Type V
- Type I (sodium
- ACE inhibitorACE inhibitorACE inhibitors or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors are a group of drugs used primarily for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure...
s- CaptoprilCaptoprilCaptopril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor used for the treatment of hypertension and some types of congestive heart failure. Captopril was the first ACE inhibitor developed and was considered a breakthrough both because of its novel mechanism of action and also because of the...
- EnalaprilEnalaprilEnalapril is an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor used in the treatment of hypertension and some types of chronic heart failure. ACE raises blood pressure by constricting blood vessels. ACE inhibitors like enalapril prevent this effect. Enalapril has been shown to lower the death rate in...
- PerindoprilPerindoprilPerindopril, or perindopril arginine, is a long-acting ACE inhibitor. Perindopril is used to treat high blood pressure, heart failure or stable coronary artery disease. It is also available in a generic form, perindopril erbumine...
- RamiprilRamiprilRamipril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, used to treat high blood pressure and congestive heart failure.-Mechanism of action:ACE inhibitors lower the...
- Captopril
- Angiotensin II receptor antagonistAngiotensin II receptor antagonistAngiotensin II receptor antagonists, also known as angiotensin receptor blockers , AT1-receptor antagonists or sartans, are a group of pharmaceuticals which modulate the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system...
s- CandesartanCandesartanCandesartan is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used mainly for the treatment of hypertension. The prodrug candesartan cilexetil is marketed by AstraZeneca and Takeda Pharmaceuticals, commonly under the trade names Blopress, Atacand, Amias, and Ratacand.-Clinical use:As all angiotensin II...
- EprosartanEprosartanEprosartan is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used for the treatment of high blood pressure. It is marketed as Teveten by Abbott Laboratories in the United States.It is marketed as Eprozar by INTAS Pharmaceuticals in the INDIA and by Solvay Pharmaceuticals elsewhere...
- IrbesartanIrbesartanIrbesartan is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used mainly for the treatment of hypertension. Irbesartan was developed by Sanofi Research...
- LosartanLosartanLosartan is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist drug used mainly to treat high blood pressure . Losartan was the first angiotensin II receptor antagonist to be marketed. Losartan potassium is marketed by Merck & Co. Inc. under the trade name Cozaar...
- TelmisartanTelmisartanTelmisartan is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used in the management of hypertension. It is marketed under the trade name Micardis , among others.-Administration:...
- ValsartanValsartanValsartan is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist , with particularly high affinity for the type I angiotensin receptor. By blocking the action of angiotensin, valsartan dilates blood vessels and reduces blood pressure...
- Candesartan
- Beta blockerBeta blockerBeta blockers or beta-adrenergic blocking agents, beta-adrenergic antagonists, beta-adrenoreceptor antagonists or beta antagonists, are a class of drugs used for various indications. They are particularly for the management of cardiac arrhythmias, cardioprotection after myocardial infarction ,...
- Calcium channel blockerCalcium channel blockerA calcium channel blocker is a chemical that disrupts the movement of calcium through calcium channels.CCB drugs devised to target neurons are used as antiepileptics. However, the most widespread clinical usage of calcium channel blockers is to decrease blood pressure in patients with...