Lishui
Encyclopedia
Lishui is a prefecture-level city
in southwestern Zhejiang
province of Eastern China
. It borders Quzhou
, Jinhua
and Taizhou
to the north, Wenzhou
to the southeast, and the province of Fujian
to the southwest. The name of the city literally means "Beautiful Water", and the pronunciation of its first character is "lí", not the usual "lì".
of Lishui currently administers one district, one county-level city
, six counties and one autonomous county.
These are further divided into 64 towns (including Jingning
, China's only She
Minority Town), 128 townships (including 6 She
Minority Townships) and 5 subdistrict
s.
Province where Zhejiang
and Fujian
province meet. The mountains of the area belong to the Wuyi Mountain System. The terrain in the Lishui Area tilts from the southwest to the northeast with 3,573 mountain peaks that reach an altitude of 1000 metres (3,280.8 ft) or more. The highest mountain in Zhejiang Province, which is 1929 metres (6,328.7 ft) high, is located near Lishui and is called Huangmao Peak. The City of Lishui covers approximately 17298 square kilometres (6,678.8 sq mi), among which 88.42% is mountainous 5.52% is plantation land, and 6.06% is creek, road and village. Lishui has a subtropical monsoon
climate with four distinct seasons. The yearly average rainfall is 1400~2275 mm, and the mean annual temperature is 31.5-38.3 °C
The Ou River
runs past the city and deposits in the East China Sea
.
and SPCETSS (Stored Program Controlled Electronic Telephone Switching System) to provide the whole prefecture with communication services such as telephone
, fax
, telegram, internet
, and mobile phones. Over 4000 kilometres (2,485.5 mi) of paved roads and highways link every sub-county of the prefecture. These roads, together with the No.330 National Highway and Jinhua
-Wenzhou
Railway, form the public transportation system of the prefecture.
Culture period 4000 years ago, there were tribes living in the area. In 589, a prefecture called Chuzhou
was established by the Sui Dynasty
with Kuocang, Songyang, Linhai
, Yongjia
, Angu
and Lechen counties under its jurisdiction. Three years later, the prefecature's name was changed to Kuozhou and then to Yongjia County
in 607. The name was changed back to Kuozhou in 621 during the Tang Dynasty
, to Jinyun County
in the first year of the Tianbao era (742) and back to Kuozhou in the first year of Qianyuan Era (758).
In 779, during the Tang Dynasty
, it was renamed Lishui
County. The name of the area was changed again in the year 1276 during the Yuan Dynasty to Chuzhou Lu and to Annan Fu in the 19th year of rule of Zhizheng (1359). The name of the area was maintained as Chuzhou Fu until the Ming
and Qing Dynasties when it was changed back to Lishui
. In the year 1935, the area was given the official name: Lishui Administrative Supervision District. In 1949, the Lishui Special District was established but then abolished in 1952. Later, it was re-instated in 1963 and the area was renamed as The Lishui Administrative Area, which is what it is called today. By the year 1997, the towns of Longquan, Qingtian, Jinyun, Yunhe, Qingyuan, Suichang, Songyang and Jingning counties under the jurisdiction of the Lishui Administrative Area, with the town of Lishui as its headquarters.
In 1991, the whole area set out for the great discussion of open-mind and concept innovation, to develop along the River, to run markets along road and develop industry in town. This has played an active role in the development of the agricultural industry, market construction and township industries. From 1994 to 1995, the area set out for further discussion of the open mind, by exploring the idea of the satisfaction of primary achievement, fixing the problem of poverty, trying to fix environmental issues, enhance the awareness of various crises, competitiveness, promotion, foreign development and pragmatism.
, the social consumption retail volume increased from 222 million yuan to 4.26 billion yuan, fiscal revenue increased from 57 million yuan to 646 billion yuan. The surplus of financial system in the end of the year increased from 123 million yuan to 9.82 billion yuan, the surplus of loans increased from 145 million yuan to 6.57 billion yuan, the per capita income of rural residents increased from 131 yuan to 2305 yuan, the per capita disposable income of urban residents increased from 402.72 yuan of 1980 to 6614 yuan of 1997. As a result , the goal of primarily shaking off poverty of the area has been realized as expected.
In the recent years, Lishui prefecture has seen a rapid development in industry. An industry structure that carries the features of mountainous area is burgeoning. Its main industries are wood and bamboo production, ore smelting, textile, clothes making, construction materials, pharmaceutical chemistry, electronic machinery and food processing.
Over 180 brand name and high quality products of the prefecture sell well both within China and in about 100 foreign countries. Among them, wooden toys, mini electronic machinery, overedger, eider down products, gold pens and quality soaps are the most welcome. The three traditional handicrafts of the prefecture, Longquan celadon, Longquan swords, and Qingtian carved stones, enjoy high popularity both at home and abroad.
A comprehensive agricultural development program is beginning to take effect. The prefecture is now a commercial base for edible fungi, dried and fresh fruit, bamboo and bamboo shoots, tea, commercial forest, oil tea, sericulture, herb medicine, vegetable and nuts. Products like Xianggu mushrooms, tree fungus, Huiming tea, white pond lily, day lily, sun-cured tobacco, and orange and oil tea are produced in large quantities and are well known throughout Zhejiang.
The 2010 series contains the following works on Lishui:
Prefecture-level city
A prefectural level city , prefectural city or prefectural level municipality is an administrative division of the People's Republic of China, ranking below a province and above a county in China's administrative structure. Prefectural level cities form the second level of the administrative...
in southwestern Zhejiang
Zhejiang
Zhejiang is an eastern coastal province of the People's Republic of China. The word Zhejiang was the old name of the Qiantang River, which passes through Hangzhou, the provincial capital...
province of Eastern China
East China
East China is a geographical and a loosely-defined cultural region that covers the eastern coastal area of China.Although an intangible and loosely defined concept, for administrative and governmental purposes, the region is defined by the government of the People's Republic of China to include...
. It borders Quzhou
Quzhou
Quzhou is a prefecture-level city in southwestern Zhejiang province, China. Sitting on the upper course of the Qiantang River, it borders Hangzhou to the north, Jinhua to the east, Lishui to the southeast, and the provinces of Fujian, Jiangxi and Anhui to the south the south, southwest and...
, Jinhua
Jinhua
Jinhua is a prefecture-level city in central Zhejiang province of Eastern China. It borders the provincial capital of Hangzhou to the northwest, Quzhou to the southwest, Lishui to the south, Taizhou to the east, and Shaoxing to the northeast....
and Taizhou
Taizhou, Zhejiang
Taizhou is a prefecture-level city in middle eastern Zhejiang province, People's Republic of China...
to the north, Wenzhou
Wenzhou
Wenzhou is a prefecture-level city in southeastern Zhejiang province, People's Republic of China. The area under its jurisdiction, which includes two satellite cities and six counties, had a population of 9,122,100 as of 2010....
to the southeast, and the province of Fujian
Fujian
' , formerly romanised as Fukien or Huguing or Foukien, is a province on the southeast coast of mainland China. Fujian is bordered by Zhejiang to the north, Jiangxi to the west, and Guangdong to the south. Taiwan lies to the east, across the Taiwan Strait...
to the southwest. The name of the city literally means "Beautiful Water", and the pronunciation of its first character is "lí", not the usual "lì".
Administration
The prefecture-level cityPrefecture-level city
A prefectural level city , prefectural city or prefectural level municipality is an administrative division of the People's Republic of China, ranking below a province and above a county in China's administrative structure. Prefectural level cities form the second level of the administrative...
of Lishui currently administers one district, one county-level city
County-level city
A county-level city is a county-level administrative division of mainland China. County-level cities are usually governed by prefecture-level divisions, but a few are governed directly by province-level divisions....
, six counties and one autonomous county.
- Liandu DistrictLiandu DistrictLiandu District is a district of Zhejiang, China. It is under the administration of the Lishui city....
(莲都区) - Longquan City (龙泉市)
- Qingtian CountyQingtian CountyQingtian County is a mountainous county in Zhejiang, China. It is under the administration of the city Lishui. The county capital is Hecheng, also known as Qingtian City.-See also:*Qingtian dialect...
(青田县) - Jinyun CountyJinyun CountyJinyun County is a county of Zhejiang, China. It is under the administration of the Lishui city....
(缙云县) - Yunhe CountyYunhe CountyYunhe County is a county of Zhejiang, China. It is under the administration of the Lishui city.-History:Yunhe hosted the Provincial government of Zhejiang from the summer of 1942 till Japan's surrender in 1945 as part of the chain effect of the Pacific War situation...
(云和县) - Qingyuan CountyQingyuan County, ZhejiangQingyuan County is a county in Lishui, Zhejiang province, China. Its county seat is located at Songyuan Town .-External links:*...
(庆元县) - Suichang CountySuichang CountySuichang County in Lishui Prefecture Level City Zhejiang Province, China,-History:Suichang is probably best known for the place that Tang Xianzu wrote his most famous play "The Peony Pavilion" about five hundred years ago in Ming Dynasty. Tang Xianzu is regarded as "Shakespeare in the Orient" for...
(遂昌县) - Songyang CountySongyang CountySongyang County is a county of Zhejiang, China. It is under the administration of the Lishui city....
(松阳县) - Jingning She Autonomous CountyJingning She Autonomous CountyJingning She Autonomous County is an autonomous county for the She people. Jingning She Autonomous County is under the jurisdiction of the city of Lishui in Zhejiang Province, China....
(景宁畲族自治县)
These are further divided into 64 towns (including Jingning
Jingning
Jingning may refer to:*Jingning County, Gansu , of Pingliang Prefecture*Jingning She Autonomous County , of Lishui Prefecture, Zhejiang...
, China's only She
She people
The She people are a Chinese ethnic group. They form one of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China....
Minority Town), 128 townships (including 6 She
She people
The She people are a Chinese ethnic group. They form one of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China....
Minority Townships) and 5 subdistrict
Subdistrict
Subdistrict is a low level administrative division of a country. In Thailand it may refer to the King Amphoe or to the Tambon. In England and Wales it was part of a Registration district....
s.
Geography
Lishui City is situated in the Southwest of ZhejiangZhejiang
Zhejiang is an eastern coastal province of the People's Republic of China. The word Zhejiang was the old name of the Qiantang River, which passes through Hangzhou, the provincial capital...
Province where Zhejiang
Zhejiang
Zhejiang is an eastern coastal province of the People's Republic of China. The word Zhejiang was the old name of the Qiantang River, which passes through Hangzhou, the provincial capital...
and Fujian
Fujian
' , formerly romanised as Fukien or Huguing or Foukien, is a province on the southeast coast of mainland China. Fujian is bordered by Zhejiang to the north, Jiangxi to the west, and Guangdong to the south. Taiwan lies to the east, across the Taiwan Strait...
province meet. The mountains of the area belong to the Wuyi Mountain System. The terrain in the Lishui Area tilts from the southwest to the northeast with 3,573 mountain peaks that reach an altitude of 1000 metres (3,280.8 ft) or more. The highest mountain in Zhejiang Province, which is 1929 metres (6,328.7 ft) high, is located near Lishui and is called Huangmao Peak. The City of Lishui covers approximately 17298 square kilometres (6,678.8 sq mi), among which 88.42% is mountainous 5.52% is plantation land, and 6.06% is creek, road and village. Lishui has a subtropical monsoon
Monsoon
Monsoon is traditionally defined as a seasonal reversing wind accompanied by corresponding changes in precipitation, but is now used to describe seasonal changes in atmospheric circulation and precipitation associated with the asymmetric heating of land and sea...
climate with four distinct seasons. The yearly average rainfall is 1400~2275 mm, and the mean annual temperature is 31.5-38.3 °C
The Ou River
Ou River, China
The Ou River is a river in the Zhejiang province of eastern China.It was formerly called 慎江, 永嘉江, and 温江.It gives its name to Ouju, a form of Chinese opera from the city of Wenzhou....
runs past the city and deposits in the East China Sea
East China Sea
The East China Sea is a marginal sea east of China. It is a part of the Pacific Ocean and covers an area of 1,249,000 km² or 750,000 square miles.-Geography:...
.
Climate
Transportation and Communication
Lishui enjoys a convenient communication and transportation network. Lishui uses optical cablesOptical fiber cable
An optical fiber cable is a cable containing one or more optical fibers. The optical fiber elements are typically individually coated with plastic layers and contained in a protective tube suitable for the environment where the cable will be deployed....
and SPCETSS (Stored Program Controlled Electronic Telephone Switching System) to provide the whole prefecture with communication services such as telephone
Telephone
The telephone , colloquially referred to as a phone, is a telecommunications device that transmits and receives sounds, usually the human voice. Telephones are a point-to-point communication system whose most basic function is to allow two people separated by large distances to talk to each other...
, fax
Fax
Fax , sometimes called telecopying, is the telephonic transmission of scanned printed material , normally to a telephone number connected to a printer or other output device...
, telegram, internet
Internet
The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard Internet protocol suite to serve billions of users worldwide...
, and mobile phones. Over 4000 kilometres (2,485.5 mi) of paved roads and highways link every sub-county of the prefecture. These roads, together with the No.330 National Highway and Jinhua
Jinhua
Jinhua is a prefecture-level city in central Zhejiang province of Eastern China. It borders the provincial capital of Hangzhou to the northwest, Quzhou to the southwest, Lishui to the south, Taizhou to the east, and Shaoxing to the northeast....
-Wenzhou
Wenzhou
Wenzhou is a prefecture-level city in southeastern Zhejiang province, People's Republic of China. The area under its jurisdiction, which includes two satellite cities and six counties, had a population of 9,122,100 as of 2010....
Railway, form the public transportation system of the prefecture.
History
Lishui has a very long history, for during the LiangzhuLiangzhu culture
The Liangzhu culture was the last Neolithic jade culture in the Yangtze River Delta of China. Its area of influence extended from around Lake Tai north to Nanjing and the Chang Jiang, east to Shanghai and the sea, and south to Hangzhou...
Culture period 4000 years ago, there were tribes living in the area. In 589, a prefecture called Chuzhou
Chuzhou
Chuzhou is a prefecture-level city in eastern Anhui Province, People's Republic of China. It borders the provincial capital of Hefei to the southwest, Huainan to the west, Bengbu to the northwest, Chaohu to the south, and the province of Jiangsu to the east...
was established by the Sui Dynasty
Sui Dynasty
The Sui Dynasty was a powerful, but short-lived Imperial Chinese dynasty. Preceded by the Southern and Northern Dynasties, it ended nearly four centuries of division between rival regimes. It was followed by the Tang Dynasty....
with Kuocang, Songyang, Linhai
Linhai
Linhai is a city in Taizhou prefecture, Zhejiang Province situated on the banks of the Lin River in Eastern China. Its wall attracts many tourists...
, Yongjia
Yongjia
Yongjia may refer to:* The former name for Wenzhou, a city in Zhejiang, China* Yongjia County, in Zhejiang, China* Yongjia School, Chinese school of thought during the Song Dynasty* Yongjia , a brachiopod genus....
, Angu
Angu
The Angu, also called Kukukuku by neighbouring tribes, is a small and previously violent tribe living mainly in the high, mountainous region of south-western Morobe, a province of Papua New Guinea...
and Lechen counties under its jurisdiction. Three years later, the prefecature's name was changed to Kuozhou and then to Yongjia County
Yongjia County
Yongjia County is a county in the southeast of Zhejiang province, People's Republic of China, located north of the city proper of Wenzhou, which administers the county. The Nanxi River Scenic Area is located within this county, and the river has been nominated on the tentative list of UNESCO...
in 607. The name was changed back to Kuozhou in 621 during the Tang Dynasty
Tang Dynasty
The Tang Dynasty was an imperial dynasty of China preceded by the Sui Dynasty and followed by the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period. It was founded by the Li family, who seized power during the decline and collapse of the Sui Empire...
, to Jinyun County
Jinyun County
Jinyun County is a county of Zhejiang, China. It is under the administration of the Lishui city....
in the first year of the Tianbao era (742) and back to Kuozhou in the first year of Qianyuan Era (758).
In 779, during the Tang Dynasty
Tang Dynasty
The Tang Dynasty was an imperial dynasty of China preceded by the Sui Dynasty and followed by the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period. It was founded by the Li family, who seized power during the decline and collapse of the Sui Empire...
, it was renamed Lishui
Lishui
Lishui is a prefecture-level city in southwestern Zhejiang province of Eastern China. It borders Quzhou, Jinhua and Taizhou to the north, Wenzhou to the southeast, and the province of Fujian to the southwest...
County. The name of the area was changed again in the year 1276 during the Yuan Dynasty to Chuzhou Lu and to Annan Fu in the 19th year of rule of Zhizheng (1359). The name of the area was maintained as Chuzhou Fu until the Ming
Ming Dynasty
The Ming Dynasty, also Empire of the Great Ming, was the ruling dynasty of China from 1368 to 1644, following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan Dynasty. The Ming, "one of the greatest eras of orderly government and social stability in human history", was the last dynasty in China ruled by ethnic...
and Qing Dynasties when it was changed back to Lishui
Lishui
Lishui is a prefecture-level city in southwestern Zhejiang province of Eastern China. It borders Quzhou, Jinhua and Taizhou to the north, Wenzhou to the southeast, and the province of Fujian to the southwest...
. In the year 1935, the area was given the official name: Lishui Administrative Supervision District. In 1949, the Lishui Special District was established but then abolished in 1952. Later, it was re-instated in 1963 and the area was renamed as The Lishui Administrative Area, which is what it is called today. By the year 1997, the towns of Longquan, Qingtian, Jinyun, Yunhe, Qingyuan, Suichang, Songyang and Jingning counties under the jurisdiction of the Lishui Administrative Area, with the town of Lishui as its headquarters.
Main Functions
Under the guide of the basic line of the third Plenary Session of the eleventh Party Congress, the local government of Lishui has transformed its work priority to economic development. The government put forward a policy where forestry is the top priority, combining food and livestock husbandry, multi-management, comprehensive development and enhanced the agricultural development. In 1985, the local government proposed the guideline of:- Emancipate the mind
- Take a bold reforming attitude
- Make Lishui more efficient
- Achieve Double Development Ahead of Schedule
- Promote the Development of Commodity Economy.
In 1991, the whole area set out for the great discussion of open-mind and concept innovation, to develop along the River, to run markets along road and develop industry in town. This has played an active role in the development of the agricultural industry, market construction and township industries. From 1994 to 1995, the area set out for further discussion of the open mind, by exploring the idea of the satisfaction of primary achievement, fixing the problem of poverty, trying to fix environmental issues, enhance the awareness of various crises, competitiveness, promotion, foreign development and pragmatism.
Economy Statistics
From 1978-97, the overall GDP of the Lishui area has increased from 480 million yuan to 11.2 billion yuan and the overall industrial and agricultural volume increased from 601 million yuan to 18.1 billion yuan. There has been a great readjustment in terms of industrial structure- with primary industries decreasing from 58.19% of the workforce to 30.85%; secondary industries from 21.53% of the workforce to 36.52%; tertiary industries rising from 20.28% to 32.63%. The fixed asset investment increased from 350 million yuan to 2.1 billion yuanChinese yuan
The yuan is the base unit of a number of modern Chinese currencies. The yuan is the primary unit of account of the Renminbi.A yuán is also known colloquially as a kuài . One yuán is divided into 10 jiǎo or colloquially máo...
, the social consumption retail volume increased from 222 million yuan to 4.26 billion yuan, fiscal revenue increased from 57 million yuan to 646 billion yuan. The surplus of financial system in the end of the year increased from 123 million yuan to 9.82 billion yuan, the surplus of loans increased from 145 million yuan to 6.57 billion yuan, the per capita income of rural residents increased from 131 yuan to 2305 yuan, the per capita disposable income of urban residents increased from 402.72 yuan of 1980 to 6614 yuan of 1997. As a result , the goal of primarily shaking off poverty of the area has been realized as expected.
Economy
Timber, waterpower, mineral deposit and wilderness are four major natural resources of Lishui prefecture that rank first in Zhejiang province. 69% of the prefecture is covered with forest, which gives it the name "Foliage Ocean of Zhejiang". The prefecture boasts potential waterpower of about 2 gigawatts. So far, 57 mineral reserves are proved to scatter the prefecture and 460 mines are available for exploitation. Among its most important minerals, are gold, silver, lead, zinc, molybdenum, fluorite, pearlstone, pyrophylluite, dolianite, kaoline and mineral water, whose reserves claim an important place in Zhejiang, even in China.In the recent years, Lishui prefecture has seen a rapid development in industry. An industry structure that carries the features of mountainous area is burgeoning. Its main industries are wood and bamboo production, ore smelting, textile, clothes making, construction materials, pharmaceutical chemistry, electronic machinery and food processing.
Over 180 brand name and high quality products of the prefecture sell well both within China and in about 100 foreign countries. Among them, wooden toys, mini electronic machinery, overedger, eider down products, gold pens and quality soaps are the most welcome. The three traditional handicrafts of the prefecture, Longquan celadon, Longquan swords, and Qingtian carved stones, enjoy high popularity both at home and abroad.
A comprehensive agricultural development program is beginning to take effect. The prefecture is now a commercial base for edible fungi, dried and fresh fruit, bamboo and bamboo shoots, tea, commercial forest, oil tea, sericulture, herb medicine, vegetable and nuts. Products like Xianggu mushrooms, tree fungus, Huiming tea, white pond lily, day lily, sun-cured tobacco, and orange and oil tea are produced in large quantities and are well known throughout Zhejiang.
Energy Production
Lishui is abundant in energy resources. With 600 hydraulic power stations in use and 500 more still under construction, the prefecture has a total power capacity of 547 megawatts and an annul output of 1.5 billion kilowatt-hours (5.4 PJ). Every city of the prefecture has been incorporated in the east China power network, which provides a 220,000-volt vertical and a 110,000-volt inter-regional power transmission system, with a stable substation capacity of 550,000 KVA.Tourism
The main tourist attraction in Lishui is the city's beautiful landscape and cultural sites. Lishui is surrounded by mountains and is famous for its mountains, forests, and rivers. Lishui is also known for its food and culture.See also
- List of people from Lishui
- Longquan
- Jingning She Autonomous CountyJingning She Autonomous CountyJingning She Autonomous County is an autonomous county for the She people. Jingning She Autonomous County is under the jurisdiction of the city of Lishui in Zhejiang Province, China....
- Jinyun CountyJinyun CountyJinyun County is a county of Zhejiang, China. It is under the administration of the Lishui city....
- Qingtian CountyQingtian CountyQingtian County is a mountainous county in Zhejiang, China. It is under the administration of the city Lishui. The county capital is Hecheng, also known as Qingtian City.-See also:*Qingtian dialect...
- Qingyuan County
- Songyang CountySongyang CountySongyang County is a county of Zhejiang, China. It is under the administration of the Lishui city....
- Suichang CountySuichang CountySuichang County in Lishui Prefecture Level City Zhejiang Province, China,-History:Suichang is probably best known for the place that Tang Xianzu wrote his most famous play "The Peony Pavilion" about five hundred years ago in Ming Dynasty. Tang Xianzu is regarded as "Shakespeare in the Orient" for...
- Yunhe CountyYunhe CountyYunhe County is a county of Zhejiang, China. It is under the administration of the Lishui city.-History:Yunhe hosted the Provincial government of Zhejiang from the summer of 1942 till Japan's surrender in 1945 as part of the chain effect of the Pacific War situation...
- She EthnicityShe peopleThe She people are a Chinese ethnic group. They form one of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China....
- WenzhouWenzhouWenzhou is a prefecture-level city in southeastern Zhejiang province, People's Republic of China. The area under its jurisdiction, which includes two satellite cities and six counties, had a population of 9,122,100 as of 2010....
- JinhuaJinhuaJinhua is a prefecture-level city in central Zhejiang province of Eastern China. It borders the provincial capital of Hangzhou to the northwest, Quzhou to the southwest, Lishui to the south, Taizhou to the east, and Shaoxing to the northeast....
- QuzhouQuzhouQuzhou is a prefecture-level city in southwestern Zhejiang province, China. Sitting on the upper course of the Qiantang River, it borders Hangzhou to the north, Jinhua to the east, Lishui to the southeast, and the provinces of Fujian, Jiangxi and Anhui to the south the south, southwest and...
- Zhejiang Province
Further reading
For more thorough information about Lishui, there are two "Lishui Green Valley Culture" series (丽水绿谷文化丛书) published by Zhejiang Ancient Books Publishing House, containing six volumes each about different topics of cultural, literary, or historical significance. The 2008 series contains the following works on Lishui:The 2010 series contains the following works on Lishui: