Leisel
Encyclopedia
Leisel is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality
belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde
, a kind of collective municipality – in the Birkenfeld
district
in Rhineland-Palatinate
, Germany
. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Birkenfeld
, whose seat is in the like-named town
.
in the Hunsrück
. The municipal area is 65% wooded.
, in the southeast on the municipality of Wilzenberg-Hußweiler
and in the southwest on the municipality of Schwollen
.
lordship over the Birkenfelder Land (the country around Birkenfeld
). The countercompony base (that is, with two rows of squares of alternating tincture
s) in the municipality’s coat of arms
recalls this time, for the Counts of Sponheim bore arms that were chequy (completely covered with squares of alternating tinctures).
With regard to administration, Leisel belonged to the Pflege (literally “care”, but actually a local geopolitical unit) of Brombach. Together with other nearby places it formed a unified administrative region, both in ecclesiastical and secular matters. Together with the Pflege of Birkenfeld, this formed the Sponheim Amt of Birkenfeld, whose northeast border was for centuries the Siesbach.
The Amt administrators had their seat at Castle
Birkenfeld, while the municipalities themselves were each led by a Reihe-Bürgermeister (Reihe means “row” or “series” in German
), who changed every year. Standing above them, mostly for several villages each, was a Gerichtsschöffe (roughly “lay jurist”) appointed by the Amtmann
.
In 1437, Lussel, as it was then known, found itself under a condominium
, ruled by both the Margraves of Baden
and the Dukes of Palatinate-Zweibrücken
of the House of Wittelsbach, who were the heirs to the Sponheims’ holdings once that noble house had died out. In 1776, the two rulers chose to divide their joint holdings between themselves, and Leussel or Leischer passed to Baden.
Only twenty years later, though, the political landscape changed drastically with the French Revolutionary Wars
. France annexed the Rhine’s left bank in 1797. In 1801, Leisel became the seat of a mairie (“mayoralty”), which persisted until 1840, well after the end of French
rule. It comprised the villages of Siesbach
, Leisel, Schwollen
, Hattgenstein
, Rinzenberg
, Hambach, Böschweiler and Heupweiler
. The political alignment changed once again with Napoleon’s downfall
and the Congress of Vienna
, which grouped Leisel into the Grand Duchy of Oldenburg, or rather Oldenburg’s local exclave, the Principality of Birkenfeld; most of Oldenburg’s territory was in what is now northwest Germany, with a coastline on the North Sea
. Oldenburg sovereignty is commemorated in the road name Peterstraße in the Leisel Forest. Grand Duke Peter
had it built so that he did not have to travel through the Kingdom of Prussia
, with whom he had ongoing border disputes, whenever he visited the Birkenfelder Land.
Oldenburg still existed as a state even through Imperial
and Weimar
times, but Nazi Germany
finally put an end to it in 1937 on the basis of the Greater Hamburg Act; the Birkenfeld exclave, along with Leisel, as it was now called, was incorporated into Prussia’s Rhine Province
.
After the Second World War, Leisel became part of the then newly founded state
of Rhineland-Palatinate
. In 1980, it celebrated its 800th anniversary of first documentary mention.
at the municipal election held on 7 June 2009, and the honorary mayor as chairman.
The municipality’s arms
might in English heraldic
language be described thus: Vert a stag’s attires fixed to the scalp argent, between them a crown Or, in base countercompony gules and argent.
The countercompony base (that is, with two rows of squares of alternating tincture
s) is a reference to the village’s former allegiance to the “Hinder” County of Sponheim
, Oberamt of Birkenfeld. The field tincture, vert (green) symbolizes agriculture
and forestry
. The main charge
, the stag’s attires (antlers), stands for the wealth of wildlife in the municipal woodlands. The crown recalls the one found over the door at the old Badisches Amtshaus.
The arms have been borne since 31 May 1965.
’s Directory of Cultural Monuments:
422. Serving nearby Kronweiler
is a railway station on the Nahe Valley Railway (Bingen
–Saarbrücken
).
Municipalities of Germany
Municipalities are the lowest level of territorial division in Germany. This may be the fourth level of territorial division in Germany, apart from those states which include Regierungsbezirke , where municipalities then become the fifth level.-Overview:With more than 3,400,000 inhabitants, the...
belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde
Verbandsgemeinde
A Verbandsgemeinde is an administrative unit in the German Bundesländer of Rhineland-Palatinate and Saxony-Anhalt.-Rhineland-Palatinate:...
, a kind of collective municipality – in the Birkenfeld
Birkenfeld (district)
Birkenfeld is a district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is bounded by the districts of Sankt Wendel , Trier-Saarburg, Bernkastel-Wittlich, Rhein-Hunsrück, Bad Kreuznach and Kusel.- History :...
district
Districts of Germany
The districts of Germany are known as , except in the states of North Rhine-Westphalia and Schleswig-Holstein where they are known simply as ....
in Rhineland-Palatinate
Rhineland-Palatinate
Rhineland-Palatinate is one of the 16 states of the Federal Republic of Germany. It has an area of and about four million inhabitants. The capital is Mainz. English speakers also commonly refer to the state by its German name, Rheinland-Pfalz ....
, Germany
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Birkenfeld
Birkenfeld (Verbandsgemeinde)
Birkenfeld is a Verbandsgemeinde in the district of Birkenfeld, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. The seat of the Verbandsgemeinde is in Birkenfeld....
, whose seat is in the like-named town
Birkenfeld
Birkenfeld is a town and the district seat of the Birkenfeld district in southwest Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is also the seat of the like-named Verbandsgemeinde.-Location:...
.
Location
The municipality lies on the Leiselbach at the Idar ForestIdar Forest
The Idar Forest is part of the Hunsrück low mountain range in the German federal state of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.- Geography :...
in the Hunsrück
Hunsrück
The Hunsrück is a low mountain range in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is bounded by the river valleys of the Moselle , the Nahe , and the Rhine . The Hunsrück is continued by the Taunus mountains on the eastern side of the Rhine. In the north behind the Moselle it is continued by the Eifel...
. The municipal area is 65% wooded.
Neighbouring municipalities
Leisel borders in the northeast on the municipality of SiesbachSiesbach
Siesbach is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Birkenfeld district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Birkenfeld, whose seat is in the like-named town.-Location:Siesbach lies in the...
, in the southeast on the municipality of Wilzenberg-Hußweiler
Wilzenberg-Hußweiler
Wilzenberg-Hußweiler is a municipality in the district of Birkenfeld, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany....
and in the southwest on the municipality of Schwollen
Schwollen
Schwollen is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Birkenfeld district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany...
.
History
In 1180, Leisel had its first documentary mention as Lucei in a document dealing with legal relationships in the Archbishopric of Trier, under whose sovereignty Leisel lay at that time. In 1328, Archbishop of Trier Baldwin acknowledged the SponheimCounty of Sponheim
The County of Sponheim was an independent territory in the Holy Roman Empire which lasted from the 11th century until the early 19th century...
lordship over the Birkenfelder Land (the country around Birkenfeld
Birkenfeld
Birkenfeld is a town and the district seat of the Birkenfeld district in southwest Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is also the seat of the like-named Verbandsgemeinde.-Location:...
). The countercompony base (that is, with two rows of squares of alternating tincture
Tincture (heraldry)
In heraldry, tinctures are the colours used to emblazon a coat of arms. These can be divided into several categories including light tinctures called metals, dark tinctures called colours, nonstandard colours called stains, furs, and "proper". A charge tinctured proper is coloured as it would be...
s) in the municipality’s coat of arms
Coat of arms
A coat of arms is a unique heraldic design on a shield or escutcheon or on a surcoat or tabard used to cover and protect armour and to identify the wearer. Thus the term is often stated as "coat-armour", because it was anciently displayed on the front of a coat of cloth...
recalls this time, for the Counts of Sponheim bore arms that were chequy (completely covered with squares of alternating tinctures).
With regard to administration, Leisel belonged to the Pflege (literally “care”, but actually a local geopolitical unit) of Brombach. Together with other nearby places it formed a unified administrative region, both in ecclesiastical and secular matters. Together with the Pflege of Birkenfeld, this formed the Sponheim Amt of Birkenfeld, whose northeast border was for centuries the Siesbach.
The Amt administrators had their seat at Castle
Castle
A castle is a type of fortified structure built in Europe and the Middle East during the Middle Ages by European nobility. Scholars debate the scope of the word castle, but usually consider it to be the private fortified residence of a lord or noble...
Birkenfeld, while the municipalities themselves were each led by a Reihe-Bürgermeister (Reihe means “row” or “series” in German
German language
German is a West Germanic language, related to and classified alongside English and Dutch. With an estimated 90 – 98 million native speakers, German is one of the world's major languages and is the most widely-spoken first language in the European Union....
), who changed every year. Standing above them, mostly for several villages each, was a Gerichtsschöffe (roughly “lay jurist”) appointed by the Amtmann
Amtmann
Amtmann can be :*a feudal, administrative and/or gubernatorial title, such as Bezirksamtmann . Amtmann, ammann and amman were a kind of bailiff in Germany, Austria, Switzerland and in Brussels....
.
In 1437, Lussel, as it was then known, found itself under a condominium
Condominium (international law)
In international law, a condominium is a political territory in or over which two or more sovereign powers formally agree to share equally dominium and exercise their rights jointly, without dividing it up into 'national' zones.Although a condominium has always been...
, ruled by both the Margraves of Baden
Baden
Baden is a historical state on the east bank of the Rhine in the southwest of Germany, now the western part of the Baden-Württemberg of Germany....
and the Dukes of Palatinate-Zweibrücken
Palatinate-Zweibrücken
Palatinate-Zweibrücken is a former state of the Holy Roman Empire. Its capital was Zweibrücken.-Overview:→ History before 1394 see main article County of Zweibrücken→ History before 1444 see main article County of Veldenz...
of the House of Wittelsbach, who were the heirs to the Sponheims’ holdings once that noble house had died out. In 1776, the two rulers chose to divide their joint holdings between themselves, and Leussel or Leischer passed to Baden.
Only twenty years later, though, the political landscape changed drastically with the French Revolutionary Wars
French Revolutionary Wars
The French Revolutionary Wars were a series of major conflicts, from 1792 until 1802, fought between the French Revolutionary government and several European states...
. France annexed the Rhine’s left bank in 1797. In 1801, Leisel became the seat of a mairie (“mayoralty”), which persisted until 1840, well after the end of French
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
rule. It comprised the villages of Siesbach
Siesbach
Siesbach is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Birkenfeld district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Birkenfeld, whose seat is in the like-named town.-Location:Siesbach lies in the...
, Leisel, Schwollen
Schwollen
Schwollen is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Birkenfeld district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany...
, Hattgenstein
Hattgenstein
Hattgenstein is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Birkenfeld district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany...
, Rinzenberg
Rinzenberg
Rinzenberg is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Birkenfeld district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany...
, Hambach, Böschweiler and Heupweiler
Niederhambach
Niederhambach is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Birkenfeld district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany...
. The political alignment changed once again with Napoleon’s downfall
Battle of Waterloo
The Battle of Waterloo was fought on Sunday 18 June 1815 near Waterloo in present-day Belgium, then part of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands...
and the Congress of Vienna
Congress of Vienna
The Congress of Vienna was a conference of ambassadors of European states chaired by Klemens Wenzel von Metternich, and held in Vienna from September, 1814 to June, 1815. The objective of the Congress was to settle the many issues arising from the French Revolutionary Wars, the Napoleonic Wars,...
, which grouped Leisel into the Grand Duchy of Oldenburg, or rather Oldenburg’s local exclave, the Principality of Birkenfeld; most of Oldenburg’s territory was in what is now northwest Germany, with a coastline on the North Sea
North Sea
In the southwest, beyond the Straits of Dover, the North Sea becomes the English Channel connecting to the Atlantic Ocean. In the east, it connects to the Baltic Sea via the Skagerrak and Kattegat, narrow straits that separate Denmark from Norway and Sweden respectively...
. Oldenburg sovereignty is commemorated in the road name Peterstraße in the Leisel Forest. Grand Duke Peter
Peter II, Grand Duke of Oldenburg
Peter II, Grand Duke of Oldenburg was the ruler of Oldenburg from 1853 to 1900.-Family:Duke Nikolaus Friedrich Peter was the only son of Augustus, Grand Duke of Oldenburg by his second wife Princess Ida of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym. He was born on 8 July 1827 in Oldenburg. In his youth, he...
had it built so that he did not have to travel through the Kingdom of Prussia
Prussia
Prussia was a German kingdom and historic state originating out of the Duchy of Prussia and the Margraviate of Brandenburg. For centuries, the House of Hohenzollern ruled Prussia, successfully expanding its size by way of an unusually well-organized and effective army. Prussia shaped the history...
, with whom he had ongoing border disputes, whenever he visited the Birkenfelder Land.
Oldenburg still existed as a state even through Imperial
German Empire
The German Empire refers to Germany during the "Second Reich" period from the unification of Germany and proclamation of Wilhelm I as German Emperor on 18 January 1871, to 1918, when it became a federal republic after defeat in World War I and the abdication of the Emperor, Wilhelm II.The German...
and Weimar
Weimar Republic
The Weimar Republic is the name given by historians to the parliamentary republic established in 1919 in Germany to replace the imperial form of government...
times, but Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany , also known as the Third Reich , but officially called German Reich from 1933 to 1943 and Greater German Reich from 26 June 1943 onward, is the name commonly used to refer to the state of Germany from 1933 to 1945, when it was a totalitarian dictatorship ruled by...
finally put an end to it in 1937 on the basis of the Greater Hamburg Act; the Birkenfeld exclave, along with Leisel, as it was now called, was incorporated into Prussia’s Rhine Province
Rhine Province
The Rhine Province , also known as Rhenish Prussia or synonymous to the Rhineland , was the westernmost province of the Kingdom of Prussia and the Free State of Prussia, within the German Reich, from 1822-1946. It was created from the provinces of the Lower Rhine and Jülich-Cleves-Berg...
.
After the Second World War, Leisel became part of the then newly founded state
States of Germany
Germany is made up of sixteen which are partly sovereign constituent states of the Federal Republic of Germany. Land literally translates as "country", and constitutionally speaking, they are constituent countries...
of Rhineland-Palatinate
Rhineland-Palatinate
Rhineland-Palatinate is one of the 16 states of the Federal Republic of Germany. It has an area of and about four million inhabitants. The capital is Mainz. English speakers also commonly refer to the state by its German name, Rheinland-Pfalz ....
. In 1980, it celebrated its 800th anniversary of first documentary mention.
Municipal council
The council is made up of 12 council members, who were elected by majority votePlurality voting system
The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies...
at the municipal election held on 7 June 2009, and the honorary mayor as chairman.
Mayors
Leisel’s mayor since 2009 has been Wolfgang Schüßler, and his deputies are Karl Heinz Bittig and Wolfgang Helm. His predecessors since the Second World War have been:- 1945-1969: Emil Hey
- 1969-1976: Walter Schüßler
- 1976-1988: Werner Jung
- 1988-2004: Karl-Heinz Bittig
- 2004-2009: Klaus Bohrer
Coat of arms
The German blazon reads: Über rot-silbern geschachtem Schildfuß in Grün ein silbernes Hirschgeweih mit Grind, darin eine goldene Krone.The municipality’s arms
Coat of arms
A coat of arms is a unique heraldic design on a shield or escutcheon or on a surcoat or tabard used to cover and protect armour and to identify the wearer. Thus the term is often stated as "coat-armour", because it was anciently displayed on the front of a coat of cloth...
might in English heraldic
Heraldry
Heraldry is the profession, study, or art of creating, granting, and blazoning arms and ruling on questions of rank or protocol, as exercised by an officer of arms. Heraldry comes from Anglo-Norman herald, from the Germanic compound harja-waldaz, "army commander"...
language be described thus: Vert a stag’s attires fixed to the scalp argent, between them a crown Or, in base countercompony gules and argent.
The countercompony base (that is, with two rows of squares of alternating tincture
Tincture (heraldry)
In heraldry, tinctures are the colours used to emblazon a coat of arms. These can be divided into several categories including light tinctures called metals, dark tinctures called colours, nonstandard colours called stains, furs, and "proper". A charge tinctured proper is coloured as it would be...
s) is a reference to the village’s former allegiance to the “Hinder” County of Sponheim
County of Sponheim
The County of Sponheim was an independent territory in the Holy Roman Empire which lasted from the 11th century until the early 19th century...
, Oberamt of Birkenfeld. The field tincture, vert (green) symbolizes agriculture
Agriculture
Agriculture is the cultivation of animals, plants, fungi and other life forms for food, fiber, and other products used to sustain life. Agriculture was the key implement in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that nurtured the...
and forestry
Forestry
Forestry is the interdisciplinary profession embracing the science, art, and craft of creating, managing, using, and conserving forests and associated resources in a sustainable manner to meet desired goals, needs, and values for human benefit. Forestry is practiced in plantations and natural stands...
. The main charge
Charge (heraldry)
In heraldry, a charge is any emblem or device occupying the field of an escutcheon . This may be a geometric design or a symbolic representation of a person, animal, plant, object or other device...
, the stag’s attires (antlers), stands for the wealth of wildlife in the municipal woodlands. The crown recalls the one found over the door at the old Badisches Amtshaus.
The arms have been borne since 31 May 1965.
Buildings
The following are listed buildings or sites in Rhineland-PalatinateRhineland-Palatinate
Rhineland-Palatinate is one of the 16 states of the Federal Republic of Germany. It has an area of and about four million inhabitants. The capital is Mainz. English speakers also commonly refer to the state by its German name, Rheinland-Pfalz ....
’s Directory of Cultural Monuments:
- Hauptstraße 28 – so-called Badisches Amtshaus; scattered farmstead with house, barn with stable, piggery and henhouse as well as smaller house, possibly for servants; main house, partly timber-frameTimber framingTimber framing , or half-timbering, also called in North America "post-and-beam" construction, is the method of creating structures using heavy squared off and carefully fitted and joined timbers with joints secured by large wooden pegs . It is commonplace in large barns...
, partly slated, hipped mansard roofMansard roofA mansard or mansard roof is a four-sided gambrel-style hip roof characterized by two slopes on each of its sides with the lower slope at a steeper angle than the upper that is punctured by dormer windows. The roof creates an additional floor of habitable space, such as a garret...
, marked 1767; characterizes village’s appearance - Hauptstraße 30 – Quereinhaus (a combination residential and commercial house divided for these two purposes down the middle, perpendicularly to the street), partly timber-frame (plastered or slated), possibly from the earlier half of the 19th century; characterizes village’s appearance
- Hauptstraße 32 – stately Quereinhaus, partly timber-frame (plastered or slated), possibly from the earlier half of the 19th century
- Hauptstraße 44 – former Quereinhaus with gemstone grinding shop, essentially from the earlier half of the 19th century
- Hauptstraße 23, 25, 26, 27, 28, 30, 32, 34, Burbacher Straße 2, Hofstraße 4, village centre (monumental zone) – village centre of the clump village with schoolSchoolA school is an institution designed for the teaching of students under the direction of teachers. Most countries have systems of formal education, which is commonly compulsory. In these systems, students progress through a series of schools...
and rectory; distinguishing village streetscape with Quereinhäuser and scattered farmsteads, 18th and 19th centuries - Heiligenbösch EvangelicalEvangelical Church in GermanyThe Evangelical Church in Germany is a federation of 22 Lutheran, Unified and Reformed Protestant regional church bodies in Germany. The EKD is not a church in a theological understanding because of the denominational differences. However, the member churches share full pulpit and altar...
Parish Church (Pfarrkirche Heiligenbösch), west of the village – west tower 13th century (?), nave 1730, built on top of bathing facilities of a villa rusticaVilla rusticaVilla rustica was the term used by the ancient Romans to denote a villa set in the open countryside, often as the hub of a large agricultural estate . The adjective rusticum was used to distinguish it from an urban or resort villa...
; décor - Graveyard, west of the village, just east of Heiligenbösch Church (monumental zone) – laid out in 1838, expanded after 1945 as a ReformedReformed churchesThe Reformed churches are a group of Protestant denominations characterized by Calvinist doctrines. They are descended from the Swiss Reformation inaugurated by Huldrych Zwingli but developed more coherently by Martin Bucer, Heinrich Bullinger and especially John Calvin...
graveyard; quarrystone wall; gravestones from 1857 onwards, cast-ironCast ironCast iron is derived from pig iron, and while it usually refers to gray iron, it also identifies a large group of ferrous alloys which solidify with a eutectic. The color of a fractured surface can be used to identify an alloy. White cast iron is named after its white surface when fractured, due...
crosses (AsbachAsbachThere are communes and places that have the name Asbach:*Asbach, Birkenfeld, in the Birkenfeld district, Rhineland-Palatinate*Asbach , in the Neuwied district, Rhineland-Palatinate*Asbach-Sickenberg, in the Eichsfeld district, Thuringia...
Ironworks?); monumental warriors’ memorial to those from Leisel, Schwollen and Hattgenstein who fell in the First World War, design by Hans Best, KreuznachBad KreuznachBad Kreuznach is the capital of the district of Bad Kreuznach, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is located on the Nahe river, a tributary of the Rhine...
, execution by Mittler & Co., ObermendigMendigMendig is a municipality in the district Mayen-Koblenz, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is situated approx. 6 km north-east of Mayen, and 25 km west of Koblenz.Mendig is the seat of the Verbandsgemeinde Mendig....
Transport
To the northeast runs BundesstraßeBundesstraße
Bundesstraße , abbreviated B, is the denotation for German and Austrian national highways.-Germany:...
422. Serving nearby Kronweiler
Kronweiler
Kronweiler is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Birkenfeld district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Birkenfeld, whose seat is in the like-named town.-Location:The municipality lies on...
is a railway station on the Nahe Valley Railway (Bingen
Bingen am Rhein
Bingen am Rhein is a town in the Mainz-Bingen district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.The settlement’s original name was Bingium, a Celtic word that may have meant “hole in the rock”, a description of the shoal behind the Mäuseturm, known as the Binger Loch. Bingen was the starting point for the...
–Saarbrücken
Saarbrücken
Saarbrücken is the capital of the state of Saarland in Germany. The city is situated at the heart of a metropolitan area that borders on the west on Dillingen and to the north-east on Neunkirchen, where most of the people of the Saarland live....
).
Famous people
- Karl Heyl (1812-1893), Member of the ReichstagReichstag (German Empire)The Reichstag was the parliament of the North German Confederation , and of the German Reich ....
and LandtagLandtagA Landtag is a representative assembly or parliament in German-speaking countries with some legislative authority.- Name :...
, born in Leisel