Kontsevich system
Encyclopedia
The Kontsevich system for the Cyrillization
of the Korean language
was created by the Russian scholar Lev Kontsevitch on the basis of the earlier system designed by Aleksandr Kholodovich . It is currently the main system of transcribing Korean words into the Russian language.
and South Korea
; Kontsevich carried out work on the systemisation of these rules. In contrast with some systems of romanization of Korean, the transcription is based primarily on the pronunciation of a word, rather than on its spelling. For example, the tensification of "ㅈ" in is not represented in romanizations, where the word is typically spelled as "hanja
"; however, it is represented in the Kontsevich transcription, which spells the word with a double "ч" as Ханчча (Hanchcha).
Comments:
Cyrillization
A Cyrillization is a system for rendering words of a language that normally uses a writing system other than the Cyrillic alphabet into a Cyrillic alphabet. A Cyrillization scheme needs to be applied, for example, to transcribe names of German, Chinese, or American people and places for use in...
of the Korean language
Korean language
Korean is the official language of the country Korea, in both South and North. It is also one of the two official languages in the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture in People's Republic of China. There are about 78 million Korean speakers worldwide. In the 15th century, a national writing...
was created by the Russian scholar Lev Kontsevitch on the basis of the earlier system designed by Aleksandr Kholodovich . It is currently the main system of transcribing Korean words into the Russian language.
Introduction
Cyrillization systems for Korean were developed domestically in both NorthNorth Korea
The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea , , is a country in East Asia, occupying the northern half of the Korean Peninsula. Its capital and largest city is Pyongyang. The Korean Demilitarized Zone serves as the buffer zone between North Korea and South Korea...
and South Korea
South Korea
The Republic of Korea , , is a sovereign state in East Asia, located on the southern portion of the Korean Peninsula. It is neighbored by the People's Republic of China to the west, Japan to the east, North Korea to the north, and the East China Sea and Republic of China to the south...
; Kontsevich carried out work on the systemisation of these rules. In contrast with some systems of romanization of Korean, the transcription is based primarily on the pronunciation of a word, rather than on its spelling. For example, the tensification of "ㅈ" in is not represented in romanizations, where the word is typically spelled as "hanja
Hanja
Hanja is the Korean name for the Chinese characters hanzi. More specifically, it refers to those Chinese characters borrowed from Chinese and incorporated into the Korean language with Korean pronunciation...
"; however, it is represented in the Kontsevich transcription, which spells the word with a double "ч" as Ханчча (Hanchcha).
Consonants
| Hangul Hangul Hangul,Pronounced or ; Korean: 한글 Hangeul/Han'gŭl or 조선글 Chosŏn'gŭl/Joseongeul the Korean alphabet, is the native alphabet of the Korean language. It is a separate script from Hanja, the logographic Chinese characters which are also sometimes used to write Korean... |
Cyrillic Cyrillic alphabet The Cyrillic script or azbuka is an alphabetic writing system developed in the First Bulgarian Empire during the 10th century AD at the Preslav Literary School... |
Transcribed Romanization of Russian Romanization of the Russian alphabet is the process of transliterating the Russian language from the Cyrillic alphabet into the Latin alphabet... Cyrillic |
RR Revised Romanization of Korean The Revised Romanization of Korean is the official Korean language romanization system in South Korea proclaimed by Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism, replacing the older McCune–Reischauer system... |
|---|---|---|---|
| ㄱ | К- / -г- / -к | K / -g- / -k | g / k |
| ㄴ | Н | N | n |
| ㄷ | Т- / -д- / -т | T / -d- / -t | d / t |
| ㄹ | |||
| R / -l' | r / l | ||
| ㅁ | М | M | m |
| ㅂ | П- / -б- / -п | P / -b- / p | b / p |
| ㅅ | С / -т | S / -t | s |
| ㅇ | -Н (-нъ) | ||
| ng | |||
| ㅈ | Ч / -дж- / -т | Ch / -dzh - t | j |
| ㅊ | ЧХ / -т | Chh / -t | ch |
| ㅋ | КХ / -к | Kh / -k | k |
| ㅌ | ТХ / -т | Th / -t | t |
| ㅍ | ПХ / -п | Ph / -p | p |
| ㅎ | Х | H | h |
| ㄲ | КК | Kk | kk |
| ㄸ | ТТ | Tt | tt |
| ㅃ | ПП | Pp | pp |
| ㅆ | СС / -т | SS / -t | ss |
| ㅉ | ЧЧ | Chch | jj |
Comments:
- The jamo ㅇ has no transcription in the initial position
- Basic transcription correspondences are indicated in capital letters
- Transcriptions in initial position are indicated preceding a single hyphen.
- Transcriptions in medial position (between vowels or after the resonant consonants М, Н, НЪ, ЛЬ, and Р) are indicated between two hyphens.
- Transcriptions in final position are indicated following a single hyphen.
Vowels
| Hangul Hangul Hangul,Pronounced or ; Korean: 한글 Hangeul/Han'gŭl or 조선글 Chosŏn'gŭl/Joseongeul the Korean alphabet, is the native alphabet of the Korean language. It is a separate script from Hanja, the logographic Chinese characters which are also sometimes used to write Korean... |
Cyrillic Cyrillic alphabet The Cyrillic script or azbuka is an alphabetic writing system developed in the First Bulgarian Empire during the 10th century AD at the Preslav Literary School... |
Transcribed Romanization of Russian Romanization of the Russian alphabet is the process of transliterating the Russian language from the Cyrillic alphabet into the Latin alphabet... Cyrillic |
RR Revised Romanization of Korean The Revised Romanization of Korean is the official Korean language romanization system in South Korea proclaimed by Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism, replacing the older McCune–Reischauer system... |
|---|---|---|---|
| ㅏ | А | A | a |
| ㅑ | Я | Ya | ya |
| ㅓ | О | O | eo |
| ㅕ | Ё | Yo | yeo |
| ㅗ | О | O | o |
| ㅛ | Ё | Yo | yo |
| ㅜ | У | U | u |
| ㅠ | Ю | Yu | yu |
| ㅡ | Ы | Y | eu |
| ㅣ | И | I | i |
| ㅐ | Э | è | ae |
| ㅒ | ЙЯ | Yya | yae |
| ㅔ | Е / е | E / e | e |
| ㅖ | ЙЕ / -е- | Yye / -e- | ye |
| ㅚ | ВЕ | Ve | oe |
| ㅟ | ВИ | Vi | wi |
| ㅢ | ЫЙ / -и- | Yi / -i- | ui |
| ㅘ | ВА | Va | wa |
| ㅝ | ВО | Vo | wo |
| ㅙ | ВЭ | Vè | wae |
| ㅞ | ВЕ | Ve | we |
Transcription of medial consonants
Some letters are transcribed differently in the middle of a word when following certain other letters.| End of first syllable | Н (N) | НЪ (N') | М (M) | ЛЬ (L') | К (K) | П (P) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Beginning of second syllable | ||||||
| К (K) | НГ (NG) | НГ (NG) | МГ (MG) | ЛЬГ (L'G) | КК (KK) | ПК (PK) |
| Н (N) | НГ (NG) | НН (NN) | МН (MN) | ЛЛ (LL) | НН (NN) | МН (MN) |
| Т (T) | НД (ND) | НД (ND) | МД (MD) | ЛЬТТ (L'Tt) | КТ (KT) | ПТ (PT) |
| ЛЬ (L') | ЛЛ (LL) | НН (NN) | МН (MN) | ЛЛ (LL) | НН (NN) | МН (MN) |
| М (M) | НМ (NM) | НМ (NM) | ММ (MM) | ЛЬМ (L'M) | НМ (NM) | ММ (MM) |
| П (P) | НБ (NB) | НБ (NB) | МБ | ЛЬБ (L'B) | КП (KP) | ПП (PP) |
| С (S) | НС (NS) | НС (NS) | МС (MS) | ЛЬСС (L'Ss) | КС (KS) | ПС (PS) |
| Ч (Ch) | НДЖ (NDZh) | НДЖ (NDZh) | МДЖ (MDZh) | ЛЬЧЧ (L'Cch) | КЧ (KCh) | ПЧ (PCh) |
| ЧХ (Chh) | НЧХ (NChh) | НЧХ (NChh) | МЧХ (MChh) | ЛЬЧХ (L'Chh) | КЧХ (KChh) | ПЧХ (PChh) |
| ПХ (Ph) | НПХ (NPh) | НПХ (NPh) | МПХ (MPh) | ЛЬПХ (L'Ph) | КПХ (KPh) | ППХ (PPh) |
| ТХ (Th) | НТХ (NTh) | НТХ (NTh) | МТХ (MTh) | ЛЬТХ (L'Th) | КТХ (KTh) | ПТХ (PTh) |
| Х (H) | НХ (NH) | НХ (NH) | МХ (MH) | РХ (PH) | КХ (KH) | ПХ (PH) |
Examples
| English English language English is a West Germanic language that arose in the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England and spread into what was to become south-east Scotland under the influence of the Anglian medieval kingdom of Northumbria... |
Hangul Hangul Hangul,Pronounced or ; Korean: 한글 Hangeul/Han'gŭl or 조선글 Chosŏn'gŭl/Joseongeul the Korean alphabet, is the native alphabet of the Korean language. It is a separate script from Hanja, the logographic Chinese characters which are also sometimes used to write Korean... (Hanja Hanja Hanja is the Korean name for the Chinese characters hanzi. More specifically, it refers to those Chinese characters borrowed from Chinese and incorporated into the Korean language with Korean pronunciation... ) |
RR Revised Romanization of Korean The Revised Romanization of Korean is the official Korean language romanization system in South Korea proclaimed by Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism, replacing the older McCune–Reischauer system... (RR transliteration in parentheses) |
Kontsevich (Latin transliteration in parentheses) |
|---|---|---|---|
| “wall” | byeok (byeog) |
пёк (pyok) |
|
| “on the wall” | byeoge (byeog-e) |
пёге (pyoge) |
|
| “outside” (uninflected) |
bak (bakk) |
пак (pak) |
|
| “outside” | bakke (bakk-e) |
пакке (pakke) |
|
| “kitchen” | bueok (bueok) |
пуок (puok) |
|
| “to the kitchen” | bueoke (bueok-e) |
пуокхе (puokhe) |
|
| “Wikipedia Wikipedia Wikipedia is a free, web-based, collaborative, multilingual encyclopedia project supported by the non-profit Wikimedia Foundation. Its 20 million articles have been written collaboratively by volunteers around the world. Almost all of its articles can be edited by anyone with access to the site,... ” |
wikibaekgwa (wikibaeggwa) |
викхибэкква (vikhibekkva) |
|
| “Hangul Hangul Hangul,Pronounced or ; Korean: 한글 Hangeul/Han'gŭl or 조선글 Chosŏn'gŭl/Joseongeul the Korean alphabet, is the native alphabet of the Korean language. It is a separate script from Hanja, the logographic Chinese characters which are also sometimes used to write Korean... ” |
hangeul or han-geul (han-geul) |
хангыль (hangyl') |
|
| “Hanja Hanja Hanja is the Korean name for the Chinese characters hanzi. More specifically, it refers to those Chinese characters borrowed from Chinese and incorporated into the Korean language with Korean pronunciation... ” |
hancha or han-cha (han-ja) |
ханчча (hanchcha) |
|
| “character, letter” | geulja (geul-ja) |
кыльчча (kyl'chcha) |
|
| “(an) easy” (+ noun) | swiun… (swiun…) |
свиун… (sviun…) |
|
| “Four seasons are distinct.” | Sagyejeori tturyeotada. (Sa-gye-jeol-i ttu-lyeoshada.) |
Сагеджори ттурётхада. (Sagedzhori tturyothada) |
|
| “Just check Check box In computing, a checkbox is a graphical user interface element that permits the user to make multiple selections from a number of options or to have the user answer yes or no on a simple yes/no question.Normally, checkboxes are shown on... the line colour and width you want.” |
Wonhasineun seon saekkkalgwa gukgie chekeuhasimyeon doemnida. (Won-ha-si-neun seon saegkkal-gwa gulg-gie che-keu-ha-si-myeon doebni-da.) |
Вонхасинын сон сэкккальгва куккие чхекхыхасимён твемнида. (Vonhasinyn son se`kkal'gva kukkie chhekhyhasimyon tvemnida.) |
|