Kichmengsko-Gorodetsky District
Encyclopedia
Kichmengsko-Gorodetsky District is an administrative district (raion
), one of the twenty-six
in Vologda Oblast
, Russia
. Municipally, it is incorporated as Kichmengsko-Gorodetsky Municipal District. It is located in the east of the oblast
and borders with Velikoustyugsky District
in the north, Podosinovsky District
of Kirov Oblast
in the northeast, Oparinsky District
of Kirov Oblast in the southeast, Vokhomsky District
of Kostroma Oblast
in the south, Nikolsky
and Babushkinsky District
s in the southwest, and Nyuksensky District
in the northwest. The area of the district is 7025 square kilometres (2,712.4 sq mi). Its administrative center is the selo of Kichmengsky Gorodok
. District's population: 22,187 (2002 Census
); Population of Kichmengsky Gorodok accounts for 30.4% of the district's population.
and then colonized by the Novgorod Republic
. Kichmengsky Gorodok is first mentioned in chronicles in 1468. At that time, the fortress of Kichmengsky Gorodok was dependent on Veliky Ustyug
, and Tatars took it and set it to fire, together with all its population.
In the course of the administrative reform carried out in 1708 by Peter the Great the area was included into Archangelgorod Governorate
. From 1719, Kichmengsky Gorodok was in Ustyug Province, one of the four provinces of Archangelgorod Governorate. In 1780, the governorate was abolished, and transformed into Vologda Viceroyalty
. The latter was abolished in 1796, and Kichmengsky Gorodok became the center of Kichmengskaya Volost of Nikolsky Uyezd of Vologda Governorate
. In 1918, the area was transferred to the newly established Northern Dvina Governorate
with the administrative center located in Veliky Ustyug. In 1924 the uyezds were abolished in favor of the new divisions, the districts (raions).
On June 10, 1924 Kichmengsko-Gorodetsky District was established. In 1929, Northern Dvina Governorate was merged into Northern Krai
. The krai consisted of five okrugs, one of which, Northern Dvina Okrug, had an administrative center is Veliky Ustyug. Kichmengsko-Gorodetsky District became part of Northern Dvina Okrug. In July 1930, the okrugs were abolished, and the districts became directly subordinate to Northern Krai. In 1936, Northern Krai was transformed into Northern Oblast, and in 1937, Northern Oblast was split into Arkhangelsk Oblast and Vologda Oblast. Kichmengsko-Gorodetsky District remained in Vologda Oblast ever since.
On June 10, 1924, Yenangsky District with the administrative center in the selo of Yenangsk was also established. It was abolished on February 27, 1928. Its area was merged into Kichmengsko-Gorodetsky District.
and two of its main tributaries, the Kichmenga
(left) and the Yentala (right). Only minor areas in the north-west of the district drain into the Sukhona River
. The Yug starts in the south of the district, flows south, exits the district, then makes a bow through the town of Nikolsk
and reenters the district again, crossing it from southwest to northeast before entering Kirov Oblast.
Much of the district is covered by coniferous forests (taiga
). The district area is hilly and belongs to the Northern Ridge
hill chain.
have been grown.
Kichmengsky Gorodok is located on the paved road which connects Kotlas
and Veliky Ustyug
in the north and Nikolsk
and Manturovo
to the south. Another, unpaved, road connects Kichmengsky Gorodok with Podosinovets in Kirov Oblast. There is bus traffic in transit, as well as local bus traffic originating from Kichmengsky Gorodok.
Kichmengsky Gorodok is served by Kichmengsky Gorodok Airport, there is occasional passenger service to Vologda
.
The only state museum in the district is the Kichmengsko-Gorodetsky District Museum, founded in 1983 and located in Kichmengsky Gorodok.
Raion
A raion is a type of administrative unit of several post-Soviet countries. The term, which is from French rayon 'honeycomb, department,' describes both a type of a subnational entity and a division of a city, and is commonly translated in English as "district"...
), one of the twenty-six
Administrative divisions of Vologda Oblast
Administratively, Vologda Oblast is divided into four cities and towns of oblast significance and twenty-six districts.In terms of the area, the biggest administrative district is Vytegorsky District ....
in Vologda Oblast
Vologda Oblast
Vologda Oblast is a federal subject of Russia . Its administrative center is Vologda. The largest city is Cherepovets.Vologda Oblast is rich in historic monuments, such as the magnificent Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery, Ferapontov Convent , medieval towns of Velikiy Ustyug and Belozersk, baroque...
, Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
. Municipally, it is incorporated as Kichmengsko-Gorodetsky Municipal District. It is located in the east of the oblast
Oblast
Oblast is a type of administrative division in Slavic countries, including some countries of the former Soviet Union. The word "oblast" is a loanword in English, but it is nevertheless often translated as "area", "zone", "province", or "region"...
and borders with Velikoustyugsky District
Velikoustyugsky District
Velikoustyugsky District is an administrative district , one of the twenty-six in Vologda Oblast, Russia. Municipally, it is incorporated as Velikoustyugsky Municipal District...
in the north, Podosinovsky District
Podosinovsky District
Podosinovsky District is an administrative district , one of the 39 in Kirov Oblast, Russia....
of Kirov Oblast
Kirov Oblast
Kirov Oblast is a federal subject of Russia . Its administrative center is the city of Kirov. Population: -History:In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Vyatka remained a place of exile for opponents of the tsarist regime, including many prominent revolutionary figures.In 1920, a number of...
in the northeast, Oparinsky District
Oparinsky District
Oparinsky District is an administrative district , one of the 39 in Kirov Oblast, Russia....
of Kirov Oblast in the southeast, Vokhomsky District
Vokhomsky District
Vokhomsky District is an administrative district , one of the 24 in Kostroma Oblast, Russia....
of Kostroma Oblast
Kostroma Oblast
Kostroma Oblast is a federal subject of Russia . Its administrative center is the city of Kostroma.Major historic towns include Kostroma, Sharya, Nerekhta, Galich, Soligalich, and Makaryev. Textile industries have been developed there since the early 18th century...
in the south, Nikolsky
Nikolsky District, Vologda Oblast
Nikolsky District is an administrative district , one of the twenty-six in Vologda Oblast, Russia. Municipally, it is incorporated as Nikolsky Municipal District...
and Babushkinsky District
Babushkinsky District, Vologda Oblast
Babushkinsky District is an administrative district , one of the twenty-six in Vologda Oblast, Russia. Municipally, it is incorporated as Babushkinsky Municipal District...
s in the southwest, and Nyuksensky District
Nyuksensky District
Nyuksensky District is an administrative district , one of the twenty-six in Vologda Oblast, Russia. Municipally, it is incorporated as Nyuksensky Municipal District...
in the northwest. The area of the district is 7025 square kilometres (2,712.4 sq mi). Its administrative center is the selo of Kichmengsky Gorodok
Kichmengsky Gorodok
Kichmengsky Gorodok is a rural locality and the administrative center of Kichmengsko-Gorodetsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia, located on the left bank of the Yug River, at the confluence with the Kichmenga River. It also serves as the administrative center of Kichmengsky Selsoviet, one of the...
. District's population: 22,187 (2002 Census
Russian Census (2002)
Russian Census of 2002 was the first census of the Russian Federation carried out on October 9 through October 16, 2002. It was carried out by the Russian Federal Service of State Statistics .-Resident population:...
); Population of Kichmengsky Gorodok accounts for 30.4% of the district's population.
History
The area was originally populated by the Finno-Ugric peoplesFinno-Ugric peoples
The Finno-Ugric peoples are any of several peoples of Europe who speak languages of the proposed Finno-Ugric language family, such as the Finns, Estonians, Mordvins, and Hungarians...
and then colonized by the Novgorod Republic
Novgorod Republic
The Novgorod Republic was a large medieval Russian state which stretched from the Baltic Sea to the Ural Mountains between the 12th and 15th centuries, centred on the city of Novgorod...
. Kichmengsky Gorodok is first mentioned in chronicles in 1468. At that time, the fortress of Kichmengsky Gorodok was dependent on Veliky Ustyug
Veliky Ustyug
Veliky Ustyug is a town in the northeast of Vologda Oblast, Russia, located at the confluence of the Sukhona and Yug Rivers. Administratively, it is incorporated as a town of oblast significance . It also serves as the administrative center of Velikoustyugsky District, by which it is completely...
, and Tatars took it and set it to fire, together with all its population.
In the course of the administrative reform carried out in 1708 by Peter the Great the area was included into Archangelgorod Governorate
Archangelgorod Governorate
Archangelgorod Governorate , or the Government of Archangelgorod, was an administrative division of the Russian Empire, which existed from 1708 until 1780. Its seat was in Archangel...
. From 1719, Kichmengsky Gorodok was in Ustyug Province, one of the four provinces of Archangelgorod Governorate. In 1780, the governorate was abolished, and transformed into Vologda Viceroyalty
Vologda Viceroyalty
Vologda Viceroyalty was an administrative division of the Russian Empire, which existed in 1780–1796.The viceroyalty was established by a decree of Catherine II on , 1780...
. The latter was abolished in 1796, and Kichmengsky Gorodok became the center of Kichmengskaya Volost of Nikolsky Uyezd of Vologda Governorate
Vologda Governorate
The Vologda Governorate or Government of Vologda was a guberniya in the historical northern region of the European part of Russian Empire.In its size it was second right after the neighboring Archangelgorod Governorate...
. In 1918, the area was transferred to the newly established Northern Dvina Governorate
Northern Dvina Governorate
Northern Dvina Governorate was a governorate of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic from 1918 to 1929. Its seat was in the city of Veliky Ustyug. The governorate was located in the North of European Russia, and its territory is currently divided between Arkhangelsk, Vologda,...
with the administrative center located in Veliky Ustyug. In 1924 the uyezds were abolished in favor of the new divisions, the districts (raions).
On June 10, 1924 Kichmengsko-Gorodetsky District was established. In 1929, Northern Dvina Governorate was merged into Northern Krai
Northern Krai
Northern Krai was a krai of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic from 1929 to 1936. Its seat was in the city of Arkhangelsk...
. The krai consisted of five okrugs, one of which, Northern Dvina Okrug, had an administrative center is Veliky Ustyug. Kichmengsko-Gorodetsky District became part of Northern Dvina Okrug. In July 1930, the okrugs were abolished, and the districts became directly subordinate to Northern Krai. In 1936, Northern Krai was transformed into Northern Oblast, and in 1937, Northern Oblast was split into Arkhangelsk Oblast and Vologda Oblast. Kichmengsko-Gorodetsky District remained in Vologda Oblast ever since.
On June 10, 1924, Yenangsky District with the administrative center in the selo of Yenangsk was also established. It was abolished on February 27, 1928. Its area was merged into Kichmengsko-Gorodetsky District.
Location and geography
Almost all of the district belongs to the river basin of the YugYug River
The Yug is a river in Kichmengsko-Gorodetsky, Nikolsky, and Velikoustyugsky Districts of Vologda Oblast and in Podosinovsky District of Kirov Oblast in Russia. It is long, and the area of its basin...
and two of its main tributaries, the Kichmenga
Kichmenga River
The Kichmenga is a river in Kichmengsko-Gorodetsky and Velikoustyugsky Districts of Vologda Oblast in Russia. It is a left tributary of the Yug River. It is long, and the area of its basin...
(left) and the Yentala (right). Only minor areas in the north-west of the district drain into the Sukhona River
Sukhona River
The Sukhona is a river in the European pert of Russia, a tributary of the Northern Dvina River. The course of the Sukhona lies in Ust-Kubinsky, Sokolsky, Mezhdurechensky, Totemsky, Tarnogsky, Nyuksensky, and Velikoustyugsky Districts of Vologda Oblast in Russia. It is long, and the area of its...
. The Yug starts in the south of the district, flows south, exits the district, then makes a bow through the town of Nikolsk
Nikolsk, Vologda Oblast
Nikolsk is a town and the administrative center of Nikolsky District of Vologda Oblast, Russia,, located on the right bank of the Yug River close to the point where it flows into the White Sea. Municipally, it is incorporated as Nikolskoye Urban Settlement in Nikolsky Municipal District...
and reenters the district again, crossing it from southwest to northeast before entering Kirov Oblast.
Much of the district is covered by coniferous forests (taiga
Taiga
Taiga , also known as the boreal forest, is a biome characterized by coniferous forests.Taiga is the world's largest terrestrial biome. In North America it covers most of inland Canada and Alaska as well as parts of the extreme northern continental United States and is known as the Northwoods...
). The district area is hilly and belongs to the Northern Ridge
Northern Ridge
The Northern Ridge, Northern Uvaly, Severnyye Uvaly , is the chain of hills in the northern part of the East European Plain in Russia. The Northern Ridge divides the river basins of the Northern Dvina River and the Volga River...
hill chain.
Economy
The economy of the district is based on the timber industry. The agriculture is based mostly on meat and milk production. Traditionally, crops and linumLinum
Linum is a genus of approximately 200 species in the flowering plant family Linaceae, native to temperate and subtropical regions of the world. It includes the Common Flax Linum (flax) is a genus of approximately 200 species in the flowering plant family Linaceae, native to temperate and...
have been grown.
Kichmengsky Gorodok is located on the paved road which connects Kotlas
Kotlas
Kotlas is a town in the southeast of Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia, situated at the confluence of the Northern Dvina and Vychegda Rivers. Administratively, it is incorporated as a town of oblast significance . It also serves as the administrative center of Kotlassky District, by which it is...
and Veliky Ustyug
Veliky Ustyug
Veliky Ustyug is a town in the northeast of Vologda Oblast, Russia, located at the confluence of the Sukhona and Yug Rivers. Administratively, it is incorporated as a town of oblast significance . It also serves as the administrative center of Velikoustyugsky District, by which it is completely...
in the north and Nikolsk
Nikolsk, Vologda Oblast
Nikolsk is a town and the administrative center of Nikolsky District of Vologda Oblast, Russia,, located on the right bank of the Yug River close to the point where it flows into the White Sea. Municipally, it is incorporated as Nikolskoye Urban Settlement in Nikolsky Municipal District...
and Manturovo
Manturovo
Manturovo is a town in Kostroma Oblast, Russia, located on the right bank of the Unzha River , northeast of Kostroma. Population: 22,000 .-Overview:...
to the south. Another, unpaved, road connects Kichmengsky Gorodok with Podosinovets in Kirov Oblast. There is bus traffic in transit, as well as local bus traffic originating from Kichmengsky Gorodok.
Kichmengsky Gorodok is served by Kichmengsky Gorodok Airport, there is occasional passenger service to Vologda
Vologda
Vologda is a city and the administrative, cultural, and scientific center of Vologda Oblast, Russia, located on the Vologda River. The city is a major transport knot of the Northwest of Russia. Vologda is among the Russian cities possessing an especially valuable historical heritage...
.
Culture and recreation
The district contains twenty-five objects classified as cultural and historical heritage of local importance. Most of these are wooden farms and churches built prior to 1917.The only state museum in the district is the Kichmengsko-Gorodetsky District Museum, founded in 1983 and located in Kichmengsky Gorodok.