Nyuksensky District
Encyclopedia
Nyuksensky District is an administrative district (raion
), one of the twenty-six
in Vologda Oblast
, Russia
. Municipally, it is incorporated as Nyuksensky Municipal District. It is located in the northeast of the oblast
and borders with Ustyansky District
of Arkhangelsk Oblast
in the north, Velikoustyugsky District
in the east, Kichmengsko-Gorodetsky District
in the southeast, Babushkinsky District
in the south, Totemsky District
in the southwest, and Tarnogsky District
in the west. The area of the district is 5167 square kilometres (1,995 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Nyuksenitsa
. District's population: 11,714 (2002 Census
); Population of Nyuksenitsa accounts for 37.6% of the district's population.
and then colonized by the Novgorod Republic
(Totma
) and Vladimir-Suzdal Principality (Veliky Ustyug
). The Novgorod merchants used the Sukhona River
as one of the main waterways leading to the White Sea
and the Pechora
. After the fall of Novgorod, the area became a part of the Grand Duchy of Moscow
. The village of Bobrovy Yam (currently Bobrovskoye) has been mentioned in the chronicles in 1425. Nyuksenitsa has been first mentioned in 1619.
In the course of the administrative reform carried out in 1708 by Peter the Great the area was included into Archangelgorod Governorate
. In 1780, the governorate was abolished, and transformed into Vologda Viceroyalty
. The latter was abolished in 1796, and the part of it which included Nyuksenitsa was made Vologda Governorate
. It was included into Velikoustyugsky Uyezd. In 1918, the area was transferred to the newly established Northern Dvina Governorate
, and in 1924 the uyezd
s were abolished in favor of the new divisions, the districts (raions).
Nyuksensky District was established on June 10, 1924 and included areas of former Solvychegodsky and Velikoustyugsky Uyezds. On February 27, 1928, it was renamed into Sukhonsky District. In 1929, Northern Dvina Governorate was merged into Northern Krai
, and Kokshengsky District was established. On July 30, 1931 Sukhonsky and Kokshengsky Districts were merged, and Nyuksensky District was re-established, with the administrative center located in Nyuksenitsa. In 1935, Tarnogsky District split off from the Nyuksensky District. In 1936, Northern Krai was transformed into Northern Oblast, and in 1937, Northern Oblast was split into Arkhangelsk Oblast and Vologda Oblast. Nyuksensky District remained in Vologda Oblast ever since.
. Is is elongated from north to south and crossed by the Sukhona roughly into two equal parts. The major part of the district belongs to the rive basin of the Sukhona and two of its tributaries
, the Uftyuga
(left) and the Gorodishna (right). The north of the district drains into the Ustya River
basin and thus into the basin of the Vaga
, a major tributary of the Northern Dvina
. Some areas in the south-east of the district drain into the Kichmenga
and the Sharzhenga
, left tributaries of the Yug River
. The whole district belongs to the river basin of the Northern Dvina.
Almost the whole of the district is covered by coniferous forests (taiga
). The exception are the meadows in the floodplain
s.
and Veliky Ustyug
, and in Nyuksenitsa the road moves over the bridge from the left bank to the right bank of the Sukhona. Another paved road branches off in Nyuksenitsa northwest to Tarnogsky Gorodok
and further to Oktyabrsky
in Arkhangelsk Oblast
. There is regular passenger bus service on both roads.
The Sukhona is navigable within the district, however, there is no passenger navigation.
Nyuksenitsa has an oil-pumping station in the Baltic Pipeline System
.
The only state museum in the district is the Nyuksenitsa Regional Museum, located in Nyuksenitsa.
Raion
A raion is a type of administrative unit of several post-Soviet countries. The term, which is from French rayon 'honeycomb, department,' describes both a type of a subnational entity and a division of a city, and is commonly translated in English as "district"...
), one of the twenty-six
Administrative divisions of Vologda Oblast
Administratively, Vologda Oblast is divided into four cities and towns of oblast significance and twenty-six districts.In terms of the area, the biggest administrative district is Vytegorsky District ....
in Vologda Oblast
Vologda Oblast
Vologda Oblast is a federal subject of Russia . Its administrative center is Vologda. The largest city is Cherepovets.Vologda Oblast is rich in historic monuments, such as the magnificent Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery, Ferapontov Convent , medieval towns of Velikiy Ustyug and Belozersk, baroque...
, Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
. Municipally, it is incorporated as Nyuksensky Municipal District. It is located in the northeast of the oblast
Oblast
Oblast is a type of administrative division in Slavic countries, including some countries of the former Soviet Union. The word "oblast" is a loanword in English, but it is nevertheless often translated as "area", "zone", "province", or "region"...
and borders with Ustyansky District
Ustyansky District
Ustyansky District is an administrative district , one of the twenty-one in Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia. Municipally, it is incorporated as Ustyansky Municipal District...
of Arkhangelsk Oblast
Arkhangelsk Oblast
Arkhangelsk Oblast is a federal subject of Russia . It includes the Arctic archipelagos of Franz Josef Land and Novaya Zemlya, as well as the Solovetsky Islands in the White Sea....
in the north, Velikoustyugsky District
Velikoustyugsky District
Velikoustyugsky District is an administrative district , one of the twenty-six in Vologda Oblast, Russia. Municipally, it is incorporated as Velikoustyugsky Municipal District...
in the east, Kichmengsko-Gorodetsky District
Kichmengsko-Gorodetsky District
Kichmengsko-Gorodetsky District is an administrative district , one of the twenty-six in Vologda Oblast, Russia. Municipally, it is incorporated as Kichmengsko-Gorodetsky Municipal District...
in the southeast, Babushkinsky District
Babushkinsky District
Babushkinsky District is the name of several administrative and municipal districts in Russia.*Babushkinsky District, Moscow, a district in North-Eastern Administrative Okrug of Moscow...
in the south, Totemsky District
Totemsky District
Totemsky District is an administrative district , one of the twenty-six in Vologda Oblast, Russia. Municipally, it is incorporated as Totemsky Municipal District...
in the southwest, and Tarnogsky District
Tarnogsky District
Tarnogsky District is an administrative district , one of the twenty-six in Vologda Oblast, Russia. Municipally, it is incorporated as Tarnogsky Municipal District...
in the west. The area of the district is 5167 square kilometres (1,995 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Nyuksenitsa
Nyuksenitsa
Nyuksenitsa is a rural locality and the administrative center of Nyuksensky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia, located on the left bank of the Sukhona River. It also serves as the administrative center of Beryozovsky and Nyuksensky Selsoviets, two of the eleven selsoviets into which the district...
. District's population: 11,714 (2002 Census
Russian Census (2002)
Russian Census of 2002 was the first census of the Russian Federation carried out on October 9 through October 16, 2002. It was carried out by the Russian Federal Service of State Statistics .-Resident population:...
); Population of Nyuksenitsa accounts for 37.6% of the district's population.
History
The area was originally populated by the Finno-Ugric peoplesFinno-Ugric peoples
The Finno-Ugric peoples are any of several peoples of Europe who speak languages of the proposed Finno-Ugric language family, such as the Finns, Estonians, Mordvins, and Hungarians...
and then colonized by the Novgorod Republic
Novgorod Republic
The Novgorod Republic was a large medieval Russian state which stretched from the Baltic Sea to the Ural Mountains between the 12th and 15th centuries, centred on the city of Novgorod...
(Totma
Totma
Totma is a town and the administrative center of Totemsky District of Vologda Oblast, Russia,, located on the left bank of the Sukhona River at the confluence with the Pesya Denga River. Municipally, it is incorporated as Totemskoe Urban Settlement in Totemsky Municipal District. Population:...
) and Vladimir-Suzdal Principality (Veliky Ustyug
Veliky Ustyug
Veliky Ustyug is a town in the northeast of Vologda Oblast, Russia, located at the confluence of the Sukhona and Yug Rivers. Administratively, it is incorporated as a town of oblast significance . It also serves as the administrative center of Velikoustyugsky District, by which it is completely...
). The Novgorod merchants used the Sukhona River
Sukhona River
The Sukhona is a river in the European pert of Russia, a tributary of the Northern Dvina River. The course of the Sukhona lies in Ust-Kubinsky, Sokolsky, Mezhdurechensky, Totemsky, Tarnogsky, Nyuksensky, and Velikoustyugsky Districts of Vologda Oblast in Russia. It is long, and the area of its...
as one of the main waterways leading to the White Sea
White Sea
The White Sea is a southern inlet of the Barents Sea located on the northwest coast of Russia. It is surrounded by Karelia to the west, the Kola Peninsula to the north, and the Kanin Peninsula to the northeast. The whole of the White Sea is under Russian sovereignty and considered to be part of...
and the Pechora
Pechora River
The Pechora River is a river in northwest Russia which flows north into the Arctic Ocean on the west side of the Ural Mountains. It lies mostly in the Komi Republic but the northernmost part crosses the Nenets Autonomous Okrug. It is 1,809 km long and its basin is 322,000 square kilometers...
. After the fall of Novgorod, the area became a part of the Grand Duchy of Moscow
Grand Duchy of Moscow
The Grand Duchy of Moscow or Grand Principality of Moscow, also known in English simply as Muscovy , was a late medieval Rus' principality centered on Moscow, and the predecessor state of the early modern Tsardom of Russia....
. The village of Bobrovy Yam (currently Bobrovskoye) has been mentioned in the chronicles in 1425. Nyuksenitsa has been first mentioned in 1619.
In the course of the administrative reform carried out in 1708 by Peter the Great the area was included into Archangelgorod Governorate
Archangelgorod Governorate
Archangelgorod Governorate , or the Government of Archangelgorod, was an administrative division of the Russian Empire, which existed from 1708 until 1780. Its seat was in Archangel...
. In 1780, the governorate was abolished, and transformed into Vologda Viceroyalty
Vologda Viceroyalty
Vologda Viceroyalty was an administrative division of the Russian Empire, which existed in 1780–1796.The viceroyalty was established by a decree of Catherine II on , 1780...
. The latter was abolished in 1796, and the part of it which included Nyuksenitsa was made Vologda Governorate
Vologda Governorate
The Vologda Governorate or Government of Vologda was a guberniya in the historical northern region of the European part of Russian Empire.In its size it was second right after the neighboring Archangelgorod Governorate...
. It was included into Velikoustyugsky Uyezd. In 1918, the area was transferred to the newly established Northern Dvina Governorate
Northern Dvina Governorate
Northern Dvina Governorate was a governorate of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic from 1918 to 1929. Its seat was in the city of Veliky Ustyug. The governorate was located in the North of European Russia, and its territory is currently divided between Arkhangelsk, Vologda,...
, and in 1924 the uyezd
Uyezd
Uyezd or uezd was an administrative subdivision of Rus', Muscovy, Russian Empire, and the early Russian SFSR which was in use from the 13th century. Uyezds for most of the history in Russia were a secondary-level of administrative division...
s were abolished in favor of the new divisions, the districts (raions).
Nyuksensky District was established on June 10, 1924 and included areas of former Solvychegodsky and Velikoustyugsky Uyezds. On February 27, 1928, it was renamed into Sukhonsky District. In 1929, Northern Dvina Governorate was merged into Northern Krai
Northern Krai
Northern Krai was a krai of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic from 1929 to 1936. Its seat was in the city of Arkhangelsk...
, and Kokshengsky District was established. On July 30, 1931 Sukhonsky and Kokshengsky Districts were merged, and Nyuksensky District was re-established, with the administrative center located in Nyuksenitsa. In 1935, Tarnogsky District split off from the Nyuksensky District. In 1936, Northern Krai was transformed into Northern Oblast, and in 1937, Northern Oblast was split into Arkhangelsk Oblast and Vologda Oblast. Nyuksensky District remained in Vologda Oblast ever since.
Location and geography
The district is located at both banks of the Sukhona RiverSukhona River
The Sukhona is a river in the European pert of Russia, a tributary of the Northern Dvina River. The course of the Sukhona lies in Ust-Kubinsky, Sokolsky, Mezhdurechensky, Totemsky, Tarnogsky, Nyuksensky, and Velikoustyugsky Districts of Vologda Oblast in Russia. It is long, and the area of its...
. Is is elongated from north to south and crossed by the Sukhona roughly into two equal parts. The major part of the district belongs to the rive basin of the Sukhona and two of its tributaries
Tributary
A tributary or affluent is a stream or river that flows into a main stem river or a lake. A tributary does not flow directly into a sea or ocean...
, the Uftyuga
Uftyuga River (Sukhona)
The Uftyuga is a river in Ustyansky District of Arkhangelsk Oblast and Tarnogsky and Nyuksensky Districts of Vologda Oblast in Russia. It is a left tributary of the Sukhona River. The river is long. The area of its basin is...
(left) and the Gorodishna (right). The north of the district drains into the Ustya River
Ustya River
The Ustya is a river in Kotlassky, Krasnoborsky, Ustyansky, and Velsky Districts of Arkhangelsk Oblast in Russia. A very short portion of the river also forms the boundary between Kotlassky District and Velikoustyuzhsky District of Vologda Oblast. It is a right tributary of the Vaga River. The...
basin and thus into the basin of the Vaga
Vaga
Vaga may refer to:*Vaga, Marwar artist*Vågå, a municipality in Norway.*Vaga, described by Zimmerman in 1958, a gossamer-winged butterfly genus usually included in Udara today...
, a major tributary of the Northern Dvina
Northern Dvina
The Northern Dvina is a river in Northern Russia flowing through the Vologda Oblast and Arkhangelsk Oblast into the Dvina Bay of the White Sea. Along with the Pechora River to the east, it drains most of Northwest Russia into the Arctic Ocean...
. Some areas in the south-east of the district drain into the Kichmenga
Kichmenga River
The Kichmenga is a river in Kichmengsko-Gorodetsky and Velikoustyugsky Districts of Vologda Oblast in Russia. It is a left tributary of the Yug River. It is long, and the area of its basin...
and the Sharzhenga
Sharzhenga River
The Sharzhenga is a river in Nyuksensky, Babushkinsky, and Nikolsky Districts of Vologda Oblast in Russia. It is a left tributary of the Yug River. It is long, and the area of its basin...
, left tributaries of the Yug River
Yug River
The Yug is a river in Kichmengsko-Gorodetsky, Nikolsky, and Velikoustyugsky Districts of Vologda Oblast and in Podosinovsky District of Kirov Oblast in Russia. It is long, and the area of its basin...
. The whole district belongs to the river basin of the Northern Dvina.
Almost the whole of the district is covered by coniferous forests (taiga
Taiga
Taiga , also known as the boreal forest, is a biome characterized by coniferous forests.Taiga is the world's largest terrestrial biome. In North America it covers most of inland Canada and Alaska as well as parts of the extreme northern continental United States and is known as the Northwoods...
). The exception are the meadows in the floodplain
Floodplain
A floodplain, or flood plain, is a flat or nearly flat land adjacent a stream or river that stretches from the banks of its channel to the base of the enclosing valley walls and experiences flooding during periods of high discharge...
s.
Industry
The economy of the district is based on timber production. There is some food industry present, including a milk factory in Nyuksenitsa.Agriculture
There is cattle farming in the district, which is still in crisis after the fall in 1990s. All agricultural areas in the district occupy 313 square kilometre. Another 5106 square kilometre are hunting grounds.Transport
Nyuksenitsa is on the road connecting VologdaVologda
Vologda is a city and the administrative, cultural, and scientific center of Vologda Oblast, Russia, located on the Vologda River. The city is a major transport knot of the Northwest of Russia. Vologda is among the Russian cities possessing an especially valuable historical heritage...
and Veliky Ustyug
Veliky Ustyug
Veliky Ustyug is a town in the northeast of Vologda Oblast, Russia, located at the confluence of the Sukhona and Yug Rivers. Administratively, it is incorporated as a town of oblast significance . It also serves as the administrative center of Velikoustyugsky District, by which it is completely...
, and in Nyuksenitsa the road moves over the bridge from the left bank to the right bank of the Sukhona. Another paved road branches off in Nyuksenitsa northwest to Tarnogsky Gorodok
Tarnogsky Gorodok
Tarnogsky Gorodok is a rural locality and the administrative center of Tarnogsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia, located on the left bank of the Kokshenga River, at the confluence with the Tarnoga River. It also serves as the administrative center of Tarnogsky Selsoviet, one of the thirteen...
and further to Oktyabrsky
Oktyabrsky, Arkhangelsk Oblast
Oktyabrsky , is an urban locality and the administrative center of Ustyansky District of Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia, located on the left bank of the Ustya River. Municipally, it is the administrative center of Oktyabrskoye Urban Settlement, the only urban settlement in the district...
in Arkhangelsk Oblast
Arkhangelsk Oblast
Arkhangelsk Oblast is a federal subject of Russia . It includes the Arctic archipelagos of Franz Josef Land and Novaya Zemlya, as well as the Solovetsky Islands in the White Sea....
. There is regular passenger bus service on both roads.
The Sukhona is navigable within the district, however, there is no passenger navigation.
Nyuksenitsa has an oil-pumping station in the Baltic Pipeline System
Baltic Pipeline System
The Baltic Pipeline System is a Russian oil transport system operated by the oil pipeline company Transneft. The BPS transports oil from the Timan-Pechora region, West Siberia and Urals-Volga regions to Primorsk oil terminal at the eastern part of the Gulf of Finland.-History:The project started...
.
Culture and recreation
The district contains 130 objects classified as cultural and historical heritage of local importance. Most of these are wooden farms and churches built prior to 1917.The only state museum in the district is the Nyuksenitsa Regional Museum, located in Nyuksenitsa.