Nikolsk, Vologda Oblast
Encyclopedia
Nikolsk is a town and the administrative center of Nikolsky District
of Vologda Oblast
, Russia
,, located on the right bank of the Yug River
close to the point where it flows into the White Sea
. Municipally, it is incorporated as Nikolskoye Urban Settlement in Nikolsky Municipal District. Population:
It is served by Nikolsk Airport
.
. In 14th-15th century, during the colonization, it was a disputed territory between Grand Duchy of Moscow
and Novgorod Republic
. Novgorod controlled the major part of Russian North, and, in particular, all areas along the Sukhona
north-east of Nikolsky District. Moscow controlled Veliky Ustyug
, which it inherited from Vladimir-Suzdal Principality, and the Yug
was the waterway it used to get to Veliky Ustyug. It is known that in 1452 Nikolsk and surrounding areas paid tribute to Novgorod. In the end of 15th century, Novgorod was appended to Grand Duchy of Moscow, and Nikolsk became one of the key points on the way from Moscow to the White Sea, which until 1703 was the main route for the foreign trade in Russia. In particular, the harbor in Nikolsk was used to transport cargo.
In the course of the administrative reform carried out in 1708 by Peter the Great the area was included into Archangelgorod Governorate
. In 1780, the governorate was abolished and transformed into Vologda Viceroyalty
. Simultaneously, Nikolsk became the center of the uyezd
and got the town rights. The viceroyalty was abolished in 1796, and Nikolsky Uyezd moved to Vologda Governorate
. In 1918, the area was transferred to the newly established Northern Dvina Governorate
with the administrative center located in Veliky Ustyug. In 1924 the uyezds were abolished in favor of the new divisions, the districts (raions). On June 10, 1924 Nikolsky District was established.
textile production.
in the south, crossing the border with Kostroma Oblast, with Totma
in the west, and with Veliky Ustyug
via Kichmengsky Gorodok
in the north. There is regular bus service on these roads, as well as local bus traffic.
The Yug is navigable downstream from Nikolsk, however, there is no passenger navigation.
There are no railroads around Nikolsk, and the closest railway stations with regular passenger service are Kotlas
in Arkhangelsk Oblast
and Sharya
in Kostroma Oblast. There were plans to extend the Monza Railroad, a railroad built for timber transport, which runs along the border of Vologda and Kostroma Oblasts, to Nikolsk, however, these plans were never realized.
Author Alexander Yashin
, associated with the Village Prose
movement in Russian Literature, was born in 1913 in what is now Nikolsky District, got his education in Nikolsk, and lived in Nikolsk until mid-1930s. The only state museum in Nikolsk is the Memorial Museum of Alexander Yashin. The museum occupies the house which belonged to Yashin's parents, as well as the former house of Yashin.
Nikolsky District, Vologda Oblast
Nikolsky District is an administrative district , one of the twenty-six in Vologda Oblast, Russia. Municipally, it is incorporated as Nikolsky Municipal District...
of Vologda Oblast
Vologda Oblast
Vologda Oblast is a federal subject of Russia . Its administrative center is Vologda. The largest city is Cherepovets.Vologda Oblast is rich in historic monuments, such as the magnificent Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery, Ferapontov Convent , medieval towns of Velikiy Ustyug and Belozersk, baroque...
, Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
,, located on the right bank of the Yug River
Yug River
The Yug is a river in Kichmengsko-Gorodetsky, Nikolsky, and Velikoustyugsky Districts of Vologda Oblast and in Podosinovsky District of Kirov Oblast in Russia. It is long, and the area of its basin...
close to the point where it flows into the White Sea
White Sea
The White Sea is a southern inlet of the Barents Sea located on the northwest coast of Russia. It is surrounded by Karelia to the west, the Kola Peninsula to the north, and the Kanin Peninsula to the northeast. The whole of the White Sea is under Russian sovereignty and considered to be part of...
. Municipally, it is incorporated as Nikolskoye Urban Settlement in Nikolsky Municipal District. Population:
It is served by Nikolsk Airport
Nikolsk Airport
Nikolsk is an airport in Russia located 5 km southeast of Nikolsk. It is a small paved civilian airfield with parking area and administration buildings....
.
History
The area was originally populated by the Finno-Ugric peoplesFinno-Ugric peoples
The Finno-Ugric peoples are any of several peoples of Europe who speak languages of the proposed Finno-Ugric language family, such as the Finns, Estonians, Mordvins, and Hungarians...
. In 14th-15th century, during the colonization, it was a disputed territory between Grand Duchy of Moscow
Grand Duchy of Moscow
The Grand Duchy of Moscow or Grand Principality of Moscow, also known in English simply as Muscovy , was a late medieval Rus' principality centered on Moscow, and the predecessor state of the early modern Tsardom of Russia....
and Novgorod Republic
Novgorod Republic
The Novgorod Republic was a large medieval Russian state which stretched from the Baltic Sea to the Ural Mountains between the 12th and 15th centuries, centred on the city of Novgorod...
. Novgorod controlled the major part of Russian North, and, in particular, all areas along the Sukhona
Sukhona River
The Sukhona is a river in the European pert of Russia, a tributary of the Northern Dvina River. The course of the Sukhona lies in Ust-Kubinsky, Sokolsky, Mezhdurechensky, Totemsky, Tarnogsky, Nyuksensky, and Velikoustyugsky Districts of Vologda Oblast in Russia. It is long, and the area of its...
north-east of Nikolsky District. Moscow controlled Veliky Ustyug
Veliky Ustyug
Veliky Ustyug is a town in the northeast of Vologda Oblast, Russia, located at the confluence of the Sukhona and Yug Rivers. Administratively, it is incorporated as a town of oblast significance . It also serves as the administrative center of Velikoustyugsky District, by which it is completely...
, which it inherited from Vladimir-Suzdal Principality, and the Yug
Yug River
The Yug is a river in Kichmengsko-Gorodetsky, Nikolsky, and Velikoustyugsky Districts of Vologda Oblast and in Podosinovsky District of Kirov Oblast in Russia. It is long, and the area of its basin...
was the waterway it used to get to Veliky Ustyug. It is known that in 1452 Nikolsk and surrounding areas paid tribute to Novgorod. In the end of 15th century, Novgorod was appended to Grand Duchy of Moscow, and Nikolsk became one of the key points on the way from Moscow to the White Sea, which until 1703 was the main route for the foreign trade in Russia. In particular, the harbor in Nikolsk was used to transport cargo.
In the course of the administrative reform carried out in 1708 by Peter the Great the area was included into Archangelgorod Governorate
Archangelgorod Governorate
Archangelgorod Governorate , or the Government of Archangelgorod, was an administrative division of the Russian Empire, which existed from 1708 until 1780. Its seat was in Archangel...
. In 1780, the governorate was abolished and transformed into Vologda Viceroyalty
Vologda Viceroyalty
Vologda Viceroyalty was an administrative division of the Russian Empire, which existed in 1780–1796.The viceroyalty was established by a decree of Catherine II on , 1780...
. Simultaneously, Nikolsk became the center of the uyezd
Uyezd
Uyezd or uezd was an administrative subdivision of Rus', Muscovy, Russian Empire, and the early Russian SFSR which was in use from the 13th century. Uyezds for most of the history in Russia were a secondary-level of administrative division...
and got the town rights. The viceroyalty was abolished in 1796, and Nikolsky Uyezd moved to Vologda Governorate
Vologda Governorate
The Vologda Governorate or Government of Vologda was a guberniya in the historical northern region of the European part of Russian Empire.In its size it was second right after the neighboring Archangelgorod Governorate...
. In 1918, the area was transferred to the newly established Northern Dvina Governorate
Northern Dvina Governorate
Northern Dvina Governorate was a governorate of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic from 1918 to 1929. Its seat was in the city of Veliky Ustyug. The governorate was located in the North of European Russia, and its territory is currently divided between Arkhangelsk, Vologda,...
with the administrative center located in Veliky Ustyug. In 1924 the uyezds were abolished in favor of the new divisions, the districts (raions). On June 10, 1924 Nikolsky District was established.
Industry
In Nikolsk, timber industry and food industry, including meat, milk, and bread production, are present. There is also linumLinum
Linum is a genus of approximately 200 species in the flowering plant family Linaceae, native to temperate and subtropical regions of the world. It includes the Common Flax Linum (flax) is a genus of approximately 200 species in the flowering plant family Linaceae, native to temperate and...
textile production.
Transport
Paved roads connect Nikolsk with Pyshchug and ManturovoManturovo
Manturovo is a town in Kostroma Oblast, Russia, located on the right bank of the Unzha River , northeast of Kostroma. Population: 22,000 .-Overview:...
in the south, crossing the border with Kostroma Oblast, with Totma
Totma
Totma is a town and the administrative center of Totemsky District of Vologda Oblast, Russia,, located on the left bank of the Sukhona River at the confluence with the Pesya Denga River. Municipally, it is incorporated as Totemskoe Urban Settlement in Totemsky Municipal District. Population:...
in the west, and with Veliky Ustyug
Veliky Ustyug
Veliky Ustyug is a town in the northeast of Vologda Oblast, Russia, located at the confluence of the Sukhona and Yug Rivers. Administratively, it is incorporated as a town of oblast significance . It also serves as the administrative center of Velikoustyugsky District, by which it is completely...
via Kichmengsky Gorodok
Kichmengsky Gorodok
Kichmengsky Gorodok is a rural locality and the administrative center of Kichmengsko-Gorodetsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia, located on the left bank of the Yug River, at the confluence with the Kichmenga River. It also serves as the administrative center of Kichmengsky Selsoviet, one of the...
in the north. There is regular bus service on these roads, as well as local bus traffic.
The Yug is navigable downstream from Nikolsk, however, there is no passenger navigation.
There are no railroads around Nikolsk, and the closest railway stations with regular passenger service are Kotlas
Kotlas
Kotlas is a town in the southeast of Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia, situated at the confluence of the Northern Dvina and Vychegda Rivers. Administratively, it is incorporated as a town of oblast significance . It also serves as the administrative center of Kotlassky District, by which it is...
in Arkhangelsk Oblast
Arkhangelsk Oblast
Arkhangelsk Oblast is a federal subject of Russia . It includes the Arctic archipelagos of Franz Josef Land and Novaya Zemlya, as well as the Solovetsky Islands in the White Sea....
and Sharya
Sharya
Sharya is a town in Kostroma Oblast, Russia, located on the left bank of the Vetluga River northeast of Kostroma. Population: 26,000 .The settlement of Sharya was founded in 1906 and granted town status in 1938.-Twin towns/sister cities:...
in Kostroma Oblast. There were plans to extend the Monza Railroad, a railroad built for timber transport, which runs along the border of Vologda and Kostroma Oblasts, to Nikolsk, however, these plans were never realized.
Culture and recreation
Nikolsk hosts sixty objects designated as cultural and historical heritage of local importance. These are remains of the pre-1917 Nikolsk.Author Alexander Yashin
Alexander Yashin
Alexander Yakovlevich Yashin was a Soviet writer associated with the Village Prose movement.-Early life:Alexander was born in northern Russia in the village of Bludnovo, Vologda Region, into a poor peasant family. Yashin finished a teacher's training college, and spent some time teaching in a...
, associated with the Village Prose
Village Prose
Village Prose was a movement in Soviet literature beginning during the Khrushchev Thaw, which included works that focused on the Soviet rural communities. Some point to the critical essays on collectivization in Novyi mir by Valentin Ovechkin as the starting point of Village Prose, though most of...
movement in Russian Literature, was born in 1913 in what is now Nikolsky District, got his education in Nikolsk, and lived in Nikolsk until mid-1930s. The only state museum in Nikolsk is the Memorial Museum of Alexander Yashin. The museum occupies the house which belonged to Yashin's parents, as well as the former house of Yashin.