Kenji Yanagiya
Encyclopedia
Warrant Officer was one of the Imperial Japanese Navy
's Zero fighter aces who fought the Battle of Solomon Islands
in October 1942 – June 1943. He is best known as the only escort fighter pilot of the Yamamoto mission
to survive the war.
, Japan
. He moved with his family at his age of two and grew up at Tomarioru prairie in Karafuto(Sakhalin
). He enlisted in the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) at January 10, 1940 as an aircraft mechanic, then selected as a Hei-shu Hiko Yoka Renshu Sei (C-class Flight Reserve Trainee) in April 1941. This C-class "Yokaren" course was for seamen and naval non-commissioned officers already in the navy. He completed a pilot training course in March 1942. He then became a Flyer / 1st Class fighter pilot of 'The 6th Air Group' at IJN Kisarazu Air Base, Japan. He arrived Fortress Rabaul on October 7, 1942 as a member of 'The 6th Air Group', which was under the command of The 26th Air Flotilla in South East Division Air Fleet (including the 11th Air Fleet). The 6th Air Group was soon renamed as The 204th Air Group on November 1, 1942. He was one of the escort fighter pilots of the Yamamoto's visit IJN Ballale Base on April 18, 1943. He was injured and lost his right hand on a subsequent mission to Russell Islands
, near Guadalcanal, in June 1943. He returned to homeland Japan in June 1943.
"We had an outline of our escort mission in the briefing from Lieutenant (JG) Morisaki, 24 years old Midway Sōryū
veteran, at East airfield (Lakunai airfield), Rabaul. Both G4M1s "Type 1 land-based attack aircraft"
of Imperial Japanese Navy Grand Fleet Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto
's and that of Chief of staff's (IJN Grand Fleet Chief of staff Matome Ugaki's) were to take off from West airfield, Rabaul."
In the wartime of Rabaul
, there was East airfield (Lakunai airfield) by the seashore on the east side of Simpson Harbor
, and West airfield (Vunakanau airfield) on the west side high hilltop of the Simpson Harbor. East airfield was for fighter units, while West airfield was for twin-engine land-based attacker units, single-engine carrier-based dive-bomber units and torpedo-attacker units.
"0600 hours Japan Standard Time (JST), we six Zero fighters took off East airfield and were waiting at a pre-briefed rendezvous point over Simpson Harbor. Those two Type 1 land-based attackers (Rikko)
were taking off West airfield and coming up to us. Two Type 1 land-based attackers flew at altitude 2,500 m (8,200 ft), we six escort fighters flew at altitude 3,000 m (about 10,000 feet), which was plus 500 m higher to cover them, to intercept Allied fighters."
"These two Type 1 land-based attackers
flew in echelon, and six Zero fighters
flew on their starboard side aft high in two vics formations. I've heard that the Imperial Japanese Navy official action report of the day reported we Zero fighters escorted in both starboard side and port side aft of those two attackers to escort, but the fact is that we were escorting them on their 4 o'clock high. It was a fine weather day, no squalls nor cumulus clouds, comfortable for flying. We kept looking around the south air over the sea. We could see underneath transport ships with escort destroyers steaming on a blue water several times."
"After a while, we could see Bougainville Island on ahead of us. We followed to those land-based attackers within certain distance. Before long two Type 1 land-based attackers flew over Bougainville Island and we escort fighters followed. On ahead of us, we could saw IJN Buin air base, which was at the southeast end of Bougainville Island. The base looked like a brown colored small box of matches in a green sea of jungle to me. Buin base was known as a dusty airfield and always looked dry soil colored. I heard later some ground member muttered that base members had sprayed water to the airstrip in the morning and had been waiting for GF Admiral's arrival at Buin base. I thought then that was why it looked dark colored."
They were flying on schedule to land at IJN Ballale Island airstrip on 0745 hours JST.
"Some 10 minutes passed and it was time when we would start approaching to the airstrip. Then we found many airborne aircraft in the direction over Shortland Island, south of Buin base. At altitude about 1,500 m (5,000 ft), they were in groups of P-38s. Their fuselages and wings were painted in green, they positioned at lower altitude, which helped them camouflaged. It was obvious that we were late to find them. I saw P-38s dropped their extra fuel tanks and were already zooming up to engage our two land-base attackers."
"Lieutenant (JG) Morisaki, waggling his wings to signal, dived to cover the GF Admiral's land-based attacker. We wingmen all accelerated and swooped into the first group of P-38s approaching our attackers. We repelled the first group of P-38s, while another P-38s engaging aft the land-based attackers. They P-38s avoided to engage us, focused their targets just on our two land-based attackers. There were only 6 fighters for us to defend that we could not cover our two attackers from them all. They were too many. I've heard that there were sixteen P-38s that day. When I recovered and turned back, I saw one land-based attacker going down in my port side with smoke and another land-based attacker going down in my starboard side to the sea. And the more, I watched the land-based attacker crash landing and disappeared in a jungle, with a little fire and smoke coming up. I also watched another land-based attacker water landing on the sea with splash. I was afraid that an extremely serious incident happened. I rushed to Buin base, shot burst over the base to alert an emergency. Two fighters were scrambling and coming up to us but all enemies were already evading in high speed."
Fighter pilots at IJN Buin Air Base hadn't been informed anything about the visit of GF Admiral Yamamoto except high ranking officials, some IJNAF veterans noticed that it was a very unusual morning because Allied P-38s came close to and run away from Buin Base in high-speed 'again and again' at 0525, 0620 and 0700 hours JST.
"I felt full of regret, I swore the revenge to them immediately. I flew to south east alone. Imperial Japanese Navy's Zero fighter
had very long range of 1,929 mi (1,675 nm, 3,105 km) with external tank to fly over the sea. I knew their home base were in Guadalcanal, I expected the returning P-38s might fly in a cruising speed at low altitude to save gas. I got my chance, I soon caught one P-38 flew on the way back in low speed at altitude 3,500 m (12,000 ft) over Kolombangara island. He didn't notice me. I climbed up my Zero plus 1,000 m (3,300 ft) higher over him and swooped down to give exact bursts. My shells and rounds all hit that P-38. The P-38 went down to the sea with his fuel trailing in heavy white smoke like a long tail. I claimed the P-38 shot down because he was seriously damaged and couldn't go back to his base. I turned my Zero back and landed at Buin base. PO 2/C Yasushi Okazaki had engine troubled and had already landed at Ballale Island airstrip, neighboring Buin base. I've heard that the US official record confirmed that two Japanese Zeros were shot down that day, but it is not the fact. Okazaki fixed his Zero's engine trouble there and returned to Rabaul the next day."
F 1/C Yanagiya got off his Zero and lined to his colleagues. Buin air base was in serious. The base members asked him what the last situations were. He couldn't help answering ambiguously.
Soon came an officer and noted to him,
"This incident would influence to all Navy operations. Keep it the top secret."
The airborne leader of the day, Lieutenant (JG) Takeshi Morisaki would keep reporting to the cadre at Buin base, didn't come out from the commanding post. Buin's airstrip, known as a dusty airfield, was so clear and still that day that made Buin base pathetic. Yanagiya saw several aircraft flew and kept searching over the jungle and the sea.
Soon back was Lieutenant (JG) Morisaki with his face pale. He said disappointedly, "Let's come back to Rabaul." Yanagiya and his colleagues were to fly back with their Zeros. Five escort fighters took off the airstrip and regrouped over Buin airbase. It was about noon. They took the direction in northwest and headed for Rabaul. The weather was fine and the sky was blue. They arrived Rabaul at 1350 JST.
Leader of the squadron, Lieutenant Zenjiro Miyano was waiting them sadly. Lt Miyano had offered the escort mission not with six but with twenty Zero fighters from his unit, but his offering had been rejected by Lieutenant Commander Ryoji Nomura, South East Division Fleet Air Commander Staff of Rabaul, on the day before. Lt Miyano led Lt (JG) Morisaki into the 204th Air Group commanding post at East airfield. The 204th Air Group commander Captain Ushie Sugimoto were waiting for them. Yanagiya lined with his colleagues outside of the commanding post and waiting. The debriefing took long time while they four pilots kept standing outside under the tropical hot sunshine. They were called into the commanding post after Lt (JG) Morisaki's reporting was over.
The 204th Air Group Commander, Captain Sugimoto told them strictly,
"This incident was very sorry. It would influence to the Japan's future. You must not speak of it."
When those escort fighter pilots returned to the ready room, their friends asked what had happened, because they escort fighters came back without those two Type 1 land-base attackers. Since their friends all watched them lined so long time outside the commanding post, then told something from their commander Captain Sugimoto. So questioned what had happened to IJN GF Admiral's land-based attack bomber, IJN GF Chief of staff's land-based attack bomber, and the Okazaki's Zero. Yanagiya answered, "A light accident happened and Admiral's aircraft and Chief of staff's aircraft made emergency landings. They were not so seriously troubled."
The unit members were all in silence. His friends then realized what had happened. It was fine all that day. Those aircraft had been well maintained. Skilled aviators had flown them. There should be something more serious happened than a light accident.
On June 7, 1943, the 204th Air Group at Buin base planned an operation to bomb Allied Russell Islands
airfield with 81 fighters. Twelve Zeros, armed with firebombs beneath each wing, in 3 sets of “Lotte” formations approached at an altitude of 8000 m, while other Zero groups escorted. The reinforced 50 Allied fighters adopted new formation tactics with 10 fighters in 1 group each. A furious battle resulted between the Zeros and the 50 Allied fighters. Over the airfield, Yanagiya's group dived from 8,000 m (26,000 ft) to 6,000 m (20,000 ft), released their firebombs then pulled up.
Yanagiya was caught in the tail position by two F4Fs and received bursts of gunfire. The majority of his right hand had been shot off and lost with the top of the control stick with only his little finger remaining attached to his wrist. His right leg had been shot and was bleeding. He thereafter controlled the plane with his left hand and flew back to IJN Munda airstrip at New Georgia Island
. During the return flight, with his right leather boot filling with blood from his leg wound and near fainting from the blood loss, he repeatedly shouted in a loud voice to keep himself awake in the cockpit. He was unable to operate levers on the starboard side of the cockpit to unload flaps or landing gears yet he managed to safely make a slide landing into the airstrip. Imperial Japanese Marine soldiers took him out of the cockpit and a doctor operated immediately, cutting the remainder of his right hand off at the wrist.
Chief Petty Officer Yoshimi Hidaka, Petty Officer 1st Class Yasushi Okazaki, both died in the action. Petty Officer 2nd Class Kameji Yamane was missing in the action. Petty Officer 2nd Class Kenji Yanagiya lost his right hand and hospitalized. These four pilots all flew Zero fighters armed heavy bombs beneath each wing on the mission that day. They couldn't fight with all their strength. The Zeros of the 204th Air Group claimed 13 Allied aircraft shot down that day.
On June 16, a Japanese scout aircraft found big group of Allied transports off shore Lunga point, Guadalcanal
. The 204th Air Group at Buin base all attacked in full power. The 204th Air Group fighter squadron leader Lieutenant Zenjiro Miyano died in the action. Lieutenant (JG) Morisaki died in the action.
On July 1, the remained 204th Air Group stroke the Allied anchorage at Rendova Island
. Chief Petty Officer Toyomitsu Tsujinoue was on the duty to escort dive-bombers and missing in the action.
Young Flyer 1st Class Shoichi Sugita, kept fighting wildly and survived the Battle of Solomon Islands, 1943, but he was killed in action at his age of 20 in April 1945. In August 1943, he was shot down in flames and bailed out. He was seriously injured and returned homeland Japan alive. In March 1944, Petty Officer 2nd Class Sugita came back as a member of the 263rd Air Group at Guam
Island. But the units were seriously damaged by the three days of sorties in June, the 263rd Air Group members were merged with the 201st Air Group (2nd generation) in Philippine, which was reorganized as the first Kamikaze
Corps by the 1st Air Fleet (2nd generation) Commander in Chief, Vice Admiral Takijiro Onishi. Many younger aviators had been ordered the Kamikaze sorties daily, Sugita finally threatened his commander of the 201st Air Group, Captain Sakae Yamamoto with his gun to get the order of Kamikaze sortie for him first. He was ordered to come back Japan, again. In January 1945, Petty Officer 1st Class Sugita joined the 301st fighting squadron of the 343rd Air Group. He was finally shot down and killed in action while he flew in Shidenkai (Allied codename George)
taking off Kanoya
airfield, Kyūshū
, Japan
in April 1945.
Five out of six fighter pilots died and one injured.
Captain Ushie Sugimoto died in action on June 12, 1945 in Philippine. Sugimoto was the commander in chief at the 26th Air Flotilla, then. He stayed with his ground members and mechanics of the air units to fight as infantry left without support. His flock was reportedly holding a position somewhere in the Mount Pinatubo
, Philippine, while all chief officers and most commissioned officers of the 1st Air Fleet's air units had already withdrawn to Taiwan. The 26th Air Flotilla was under the command of the 1st Air Fleet, but the units lost all aircraft in the order of Kamikaze
sorties by January 1945.
Back on October 25, 1944, Vice Admiral Onishi had called all commanders of his Air Flotillas to a mid-night meeting, at IJN Clark Air Base in Philippine. The Commander in Chief of the 1st Air Fleet, Vice Admiral Onishi, had conferred with his high ranking officials for ideas on how to repel the Allied forces from Philippine with tangible way, but there had been few ideas. Onishi had then decided to expand his operation plan "Kamikaze" to all his air units, and had warned them if there were any officers who opposed "Kamikaze" attacks should be executed.
The Japanese were prohibited the surrender by their Military code
. Few survivors testified that Captain Sugimoto died from starvation, and his last words were, "Eat my flesh and blood, you must survive."
Yanagiya survived the war alive. He thought the result of the Yamamoto mission
was his shame, not the thing to be proud of. He kept silent until a non-fiction writer, Akira Yoshimura
could touch his heart and interviewed 30 years later in mid-1970s.
Yanagiya died on Feb. 29, 2008, at his age of 88.
, the Royal Air Force
(RAF) and the Armée de l'Air (ALA)
adopted since World War I till World War II. His flight hours were about 500 hours in June 1943.
----
Imperial Japanese Navy
The Imperial Japanese Navy was the navy of the Empire of Japan from 1869 until 1947, when it was dissolved following Japan's constitutional renunciation of the use of force as a means of settling international disputes...
's Zero fighter aces who fought the Battle of Solomon Islands
Solomon Islands campaign
The Solomon Islands campaign was a major campaign of the Pacific War of World War II. The campaign began with Japanese landings and occupation of several areas in the British Solomon Islands and Bougainville, in the Territory of New Guinea, during the first six months of 1942...
in October 1942 – June 1943. He is best known as the only escort fighter pilot of the Yamamoto mission
Death of Isoroku Yamamoto
Operation Vengeance was carried out to assassinate Japanese Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto on April 18, 1943, during the Solomon Islands campaign in the Pacific Theater of World War II. Isoroku Yamamoto, commander of the Combined Fleet of the Imperial Japanese Navy, was killed on Bougainville Island when...
to survive the war.
Biography
He was born at HokkaidōHokkaido
, formerly known as Ezo, Yezo, Yeso, or Yesso, is Japan's second largest island; it is also the largest and northernmost of Japan's 47 prefectural-level subdivisions. The Tsugaru Strait separates Hokkaido from Honshu, although the two islands are connected by the underwater railway Seikan Tunnel...
, Japan
Japan
Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
. He moved with his family at his age of two and grew up at Tomarioru prairie in Karafuto(Sakhalin
Sakhalin
Sakhalin or Saghalien, is a large island in the North Pacific, lying between 45°50' and 54°24' N.It is part of Russia, and is Russia's largest island, and is administered as part of Sakhalin Oblast...
). He enlisted in the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) at January 10, 1940 as an aircraft mechanic, then selected as a Hei-shu Hiko Yoka Renshu Sei (C-class Flight Reserve Trainee) in April 1941. This C-class "Yokaren" course was for seamen and naval non-commissioned officers already in the navy. He completed a pilot training course in March 1942. He then became a Flyer / 1st Class fighter pilot of 'The 6th Air Group' at IJN Kisarazu Air Base, Japan. He arrived Fortress Rabaul on October 7, 1942 as a member of 'The 6th Air Group', which was under the command of The 26th Air Flotilla in South East Division Air Fleet (including the 11th Air Fleet). The 6th Air Group was soon renamed as The 204th Air Group on November 1, 1942. He was one of the escort fighter pilots of the Yamamoto's visit IJN Ballale Base on April 18, 1943. He was injured and lost his right hand on a subsequent mission to Russell Islands
Russell Islands
The Russell Islands are two small islands, as well as several islets, of volcanic origin, in the Central Province of the Solomon Islands. They are located approximately 48 km northwest from Guadalcanal. The islands are partially covered in coconut plantations, and have a copra and oil factory at...
, near Guadalcanal, in June 1943. He returned to homeland Japan in June 1943.
Yanagiya’s Reminiscences about April 18, 1943
"Fall in!" "At ease.""We had an outline of our escort mission in the briefing from Lieutenant (JG) Morisaki, 24 years old Midway Sōryū
Japanese aircraft carrier Soryu
was an aircraft carrier of the Imperial Japanese Navy. During the Second World War, she took part in the attack on Pearl Harbor, Wake Island, Port Darwin and raids in the Indian Ocean before being sunk at the Battle of Midway.-Design:...
veteran, at East airfield (Lakunai airfield), Rabaul. Both G4M1s "Type 1 land-based attack aircraft"
Mitsubishi G4M
The Mitsubishi G4M 一式陸上攻撃機, 一式陸攻 Isshiki rikujō kōgeki ki, Isshikirikkō was the main twin-engine, land-based bomber used by the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service in World War II. The Allies gave the G4M the reporting name Betty...
of Imperial Japanese Navy Grand Fleet Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto
Isoroku Yamamoto
was a Japanese Naval Marshal General and the commander-in-chief of the Combined Fleet during World War II, a graduate of the Imperial Japanese Naval Academy and a student of Harvard University ....
's and that of Chief of staff's (IJN Grand Fleet Chief of staff Matome Ugaki's) were to take off from West airfield, Rabaul."
| Shotai | Leader | Wingman | Wingman |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st Shotai | Lt(JG). T.Morisaki | PO 1/C T.Tsujinoue | F 1/C S.Sugita |
| 2nd Shotai | CPO Y.Hidaka | PO 2/C Y.Okazaki | F 1/C K.Yanagiya |
Rabaul
Rabaul is a township in East New Britain province, Papua New Guinea. The town was the provincial capital and most important settlement in the province until it was destroyed in 1994 by falling ash of a volcanic eruption. During the eruption, ash was sent thousands of metres into the air and the...
, there was East airfield (Lakunai airfield) by the seashore on the east side of Simpson Harbor
Rabaul caldera
Rabaul caldera is a large volcano situated in East New Britain, Papua New Guinea. It derives its name from the town of Rabaul situated inside the caldera. The highest of its multiple peaks is ....
, and West airfield (Vunakanau airfield) on the west side high hilltop of the Simpson Harbor. East airfield was for fighter units, while West airfield was for twin-engine land-based attacker units, single-engine carrier-based dive-bomber units and torpedo-attacker units.
"0600 hours Japan Standard Time (JST), we six Zero fighters took off East airfield and were waiting at a pre-briefed rendezvous point over Simpson Harbor. Those two Type 1 land-based attackers (Rikko)
Mitsubishi G4M
The Mitsubishi G4M 一式陸上攻撃機, 一式陸攻 Isshiki rikujō kōgeki ki, Isshikirikkō was the main twin-engine, land-based bomber used by the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service in World War II. The Allies gave the G4M the reporting name Betty...
were taking off West airfield and coming up to us. Two Type 1 land-based attackers flew at altitude 2,500 m (8,200 ft), we six escort fighters flew at altitude 3,000 m (about 10,000 feet), which was plus 500 m higher to cover them, to intercept Allied fighters."
"These two Type 1 land-based attackers
Mitsubishi G4M
The Mitsubishi G4M 一式陸上攻撃機, 一式陸攻 Isshiki rikujō kōgeki ki, Isshikirikkō was the main twin-engine, land-based bomber used by the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service in World War II. The Allies gave the G4M the reporting name Betty...
flew in echelon, and six Zero fighters
A6M Zero
The Mitsubishi A6M Zero was a long-range fighter aircraft operated by the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service from 1940 to 1945. The A6M was designated as the , and also designated as the Mitsubishi A6M Rei-sen and Mitsubishi Navy 12-shi Carrier Fighter. The A6M was usually referred to by the...
flew on their starboard side aft high in two vics formations. I've heard that the Imperial Japanese Navy official action report of the day reported we Zero fighters escorted in both starboard side and port side aft of those two attackers to escort, but the fact is that we were escorting them on their 4 o'clock high. It was a fine weather day, no squalls nor cumulus clouds, comfortable for flying. We kept looking around the south air over the sea. We could see underneath transport ships with escort destroyers steaming on a blue water several times."
"After a while, we could see Bougainville Island on ahead of us. We followed to those land-based attackers within certain distance. Before long two Type 1 land-based attackers flew over Bougainville Island and we escort fighters followed. On ahead of us, we could saw IJN Buin air base, which was at the southeast end of Bougainville Island. The base looked like a brown colored small box of matches in a green sea of jungle to me. Buin base was known as a dusty airfield and always looked dry soil colored. I heard later some ground member muttered that base members had sprayed water to the airstrip in the morning and had been waiting for GF Admiral's arrival at Buin base. I thought then that was why it looked dark colored."
They were flying on schedule to land at IJN Ballale Island airstrip on 0745 hours JST.
"Lieutenant (JG) Morisaki, waggling his wings to signal, dived to cover the GF Admiral's land-based attacker. We wingmen all accelerated and swooped into the first group of P-38s approaching our attackers. We repelled the first group of P-38s, while another P-38s engaging aft the land-based attackers. They P-38s avoided to engage us, focused their targets just on our two land-based attackers. There were only 6 fighters for us to defend that we could not cover our two attackers from them all. They were too many. I've heard that there were sixteen P-38s that day. When I recovered and turned back, I saw one land-based attacker going down in my port side with smoke and another land-based attacker going down in my starboard side to the sea. And the more, I watched the land-based attacker crash landing and disappeared in a jungle, with a little fire and smoke coming up. I also watched another land-based attacker water landing on the sea with splash. I was afraid that an extremely serious incident happened. I rushed to Buin base, shot burst over the base to alert an emergency. Two fighters were scrambling and coming up to us but all enemies were already evading in high speed."
Fighter pilots at IJN Buin Air Base hadn't been informed anything about the visit of GF Admiral Yamamoto except high ranking officials, some IJNAF veterans noticed that it was a very unusual morning because Allied P-38s came close to and run away from Buin Base in high-speed 'again and again' at 0525, 0620 and 0700 hours JST.
"I felt full of regret, I swore the revenge to them immediately. I flew to south east alone. Imperial Japanese Navy's Zero fighter
A6M Zero
The Mitsubishi A6M Zero was a long-range fighter aircraft operated by the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service from 1940 to 1945. The A6M was designated as the , and also designated as the Mitsubishi A6M Rei-sen and Mitsubishi Navy 12-shi Carrier Fighter. The A6M was usually referred to by the...
had very long range of 1,929 mi (1,675 nm, 3,105 km) with external tank to fly over the sea. I knew their home base were in Guadalcanal, I expected the returning P-38s might fly in a cruising speed at low altitude to save gas. I got my chance, I soon caught one P-38 flew on the way back in low speed at altitude 3,500 m (12,000 ft) over Kolombangara island. He didn't notice me. I climbed up my Zero plus 1,000 m (3,300 ft) higher over him and swooped down to give exact bursts. My shells and rounds all hit that P-38. The P-38 went down to the sea with his fuel trailing in heavy white smoke like a long tail. I claimed the P-38 shot down because he was seriously damaged and couldn't go back to his base. I turned my Zero back and landed at Buin base. PO 2/C Yasushi Okazaki had engine troubled and had already landed at Ballale Island airstrip, neighboring Buin base. I've heard that the US official record confirmed that two Japanese Zeros were shot down that day, but it is not the fact. Okazaki fixed his Zero's engine trouble there and returned to Rabaul the next day."
F 1/C Yanagiya got off his Zero and lined to his colleagues. Buin air base was in serious. The base members asked him what the last situations were. He couldn't help answering ambiguously.
Soon came an officer and noted to him,
"This incident would influence to all Navy operations. Keep it the top secret."
The airborne leader of the day, Lieutenant (JG) Takeshi Morisaki would keep reporting to the cadre at Buin base, didn't come out from the commanding post. Buin's airstrip, known as a dusty airfield, was so clear and still that day that made Buin base pathetic. Yanagiya saw several aircraft flew and kept searching over the jungle and the sea.
Soon back was Lieutenant (JG) Morisaki with his face pale. He said disappointedly, "Let's come back to Rabaul." Yanagiya and his colleagues were to fly back with their Zeros. Five escort fighters took off the airstrip and regrouped over Buin airbase. It was about noon. They took the direction in northwest and headed for Rabaul. The weather was fine and the sky was blue. They arrived Rabaul at 1350 JST.
Leader of the squadron, Lieutenant Zenjiro Miyano was waiting them sadly. Lt Miyano had offered the escort mission not with six but with twenty Zero fighters from his unit, but his offering had been rejected by Lieutenant Commander Ryoji Nomura, South East Division Fleet Air Commander Staff of Rabaul, on the day before. Lt Miyano led Lt (JG) Morisaki into the 204th Air Group commanding post at East airfield. The 204th Air Group commander Captain Ushie Sugimoto were waiting for them. Yanagiya lined with his colleagues outside of the commanding post and waiting. The debriefing took long time while they four pilots kept standing outside under the tropical hot sunshine. They were called into the commanding post after Lt (JG) Morisaki's reporting was over.
The 204th Air Group Commander, Captain Sugimoto told them strictly,
"This incident was very sorry. It would influence to the Japan's future. You must not speak of it."
When those escort fighter pilots returned to the ready room, their friends asked what had happened, because they escort fighters came back without those two Type 1 land-base attackers. Since their friends all watched them lined so long time outside the commanding post, then told something from their commander Captain Sugimoto. So questioned what had happened to IJN GF Admiral's land-based attack bomber, IJN GF Chief of staff's land-based attack bomber, and the Okazaki's Zero. Yanagiya answered, "A light accident happened and Admiral's aircraft and Chief of staff's aircraft made emergency landings. They were not so seriously troubled."
The unit members were all in silence. His friends then realized what had happened. It was fine all that day. Those aircraft had been well maintained. Skilled aviators had flown them. There should be something more serious happened than a light accident.
The Six Escort Fighter Pilots after the Incident
Yanagiya and his fellow pilots were not accused nor criticized. Yanagiya was promoted to Petty Officer 2nd Class on May 1 as scheduled previously. The 204th Air Group commander and his staff officers knew that it was hard to save two Type 1 Land based attackers spotless from 16 Allied fighters engaging with only 6 escort fighters. They six pilots, however, thought themselves responsible for the incident so seriously that they charged themselves to shoot down as many Allied airplanes as possible.On June 7, 1943, the 204th Air Group at Buin base planned an operation to bomb Allied Russell Islands
Solomon Islands campaign
The Solomon Islands campaign was a major campaign of the Pacific War of World War II. The campaign began with Japanese landings and occupation of several areas in the British Solomon Islands and Bougainville, in the Territory of New Guinea, during the first six months of 1942...
airfield with 81 fighters. Twelve Zeros, armed with firebombs beneath each wing, in 3 sets of “Lotte” formations approached at an altitude of 8000 m, while other Zero groups escorted. The reinforced 50 Allied fighters adopted new formation tactics with 10 fighters in 1 group each. A furious battle resulted between the Zeros and the 50 Allied fighters. Over the airfield, Yanagiya's group dived from 8,000 m (26,000 ft) to 6,000 m (20,000 ft), released their firebombs then pulled up.
Solomon Islands campaign
The Solomon Islands campaign was a major campaign of the Pacific War of World War II. The campaign began with Japanese landings and occupation of several areas in the British Solomon Islands and Bougainville, in the Territory of New Guinea, during the first six months of 1942...
. During the return flight, with his right leather boot filling with blood from his leg wound and near fainting from the blood loss, he repeatedly shouted in a loud voice to keep himself awake in the cockpit. He was unable to operate levers on the starboard side of the cockpit to unload flaps or landing gears yet he managed to safely make a slide landing into the airstrip. Imperial Japanese Marine soldiers took him out of the cockpit and a doctor operated immediately, cutting the remainder of his right hand off at the wrist.
On June 16, a Japanese scout aircraft found big group of Allied transports off shore Lunga point, Guadalcanal
Guadalcanal campaign
The Guadalcanal Campaign, also known as the Battle of Guadalcanal and codenamed Operation Watchtower by Allied forces, was a military campaign fought between August 7, 1942 and February 9, 1943 on and around the island of Guadalcanal in the Pacific theatre of World War II...
. The 204th Air Group at Buin base all attacked in full power. The 204th Air Group fighter squadron leader Lieutenant Zenjiro Miyano died in the action. Lieutenant (JG) Morisaki died in the action.
On July 1, the remained 204th Air Group stroke the Allied anchorage at Rendova Island
Solomon Islands campaign
The Solomon Islands campaign was a major campaign of the Pacific War of World War II. The campaign began with Japanese landings and occupation of several areas in the British Solomon Islands and Bougainville, in the Territory of New Guinea, during the first six months of 1942...
. Chief Petty Officer Toyomitsu Tsujinoue was on the duty to escort dive-bombers and missing in the action.
Young Flyer 1st Class Shoichi Sugita, kept fighting wildly and survived the Battle of Solomon Islands, 1943, but he was killed in action at his age of 20 in April 1945. In August 1943, he was shot down in flames and bailed out. He was seriously injured and returned homeland Japan alive. In March 1944, Petty Officer 2nd Class Sugita came back as a member of the 263rd Air Group at Guam
Guam
Guam is an organized, unincorporated territory of the United States located in the western Pacific Ocean. It is one of five U.S. territories with an established civilian government. Guam is listed as one of 16 Non-Self-Governing Territories by the Special Committee on Decolonization of the United...
Island. But the units were seriously damaged by the three days of sorties in June, the 263rd Air Group members were merged with the 201st Air Group (2nd generation) in Philippine, which was reorganized as the first Kamikaze
Kamikaze
The were suicide attacks by military aviators from the Empire of Japan against Allied naval vessels in the closing stages of the Pacific campaign of World War II, designed to destroy as many warships as possible....
Corps by the 1st Air Fleet (2nd generation) Commander in Chief, Vice Admiral Takijiro Onishi. Many younger aviators had been ordered the Kamikaze sorties daily, Sugita finally threatened his commander of the 201st Air Group, Captain Sakae Yamamoto with his gun to get the order of Kamikaze sortie for him first. He was ordered to come back Japan, again. In January 1945, Petty Officer 1st Class Sugita joined the 301st fighting squadron of the 343rd Air Group. He was finally shot down and killed in action while he flew in Shidenkai (Allied codename George)
Kawanishi N1K-J
The Kawanishi N1K Kyōfū was an Imperial Japanese Navy floatplane fighter. The Kawanishi N1K-J Shiden was an Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service land-based version of the N1K...
taking off Kanoya
Kanoya, Kagoshima
is a city located in Kagoshima, Japan.South of Sakurajima and north of Cape Sata, Kanoya is an agricultural community on the Osumi Peninsula. It is famous for black beef, black pork and the Kanoya Rose Garden. Kanoya's most recent major architectural development was Rina City...
airfield, Kyūshū
Kyushu
is the third largest island of Japan and most southwesterly of its four main islands. Its alternate ancient names include , , and . The historical regional name is referred to Kyushu and its surrounding islands....
, Japan
Japan
Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
in April 1945.
Five out of six fighter pilots died and one injured.
Captain Ushie Sugimoto died in action on June 12, 1945 in Philippine. Sugimoto was the commander in chief at the 26th Air Flotilla, then. He stayed with his ground members and mechanics of the air units to fight as infantry left without support. His flock was reportedly holding a position somewhere in the Mount Pinatubo
Mount Pinatubo
Mount Pinatubo is an active stratovolcano located on the island of Luzon, near the tripoint of the Philippine provinces of Zambales, Tarlac, and Pampanga. It is located in the Tri-Cabusilan Mountain range separating the west coast of Luzon from the central plains, and is west of the dormant and...
, Philippine, while all chief officers and most commissioned officers of the 1st Air Fleet's air units had already withdrawn to Taiwan. The 26th Air Flotilla was under the command of the 1st Air Fleet, but the units lost all aircraft in the order of Kamikaze
Kamikaze
The were suicide attacks by military aviators from the Empire of Japan against Allied naval vessels in the closing stages of the Pacific campaign of World War II, designed to destroy as many warships as possible....
sorties by January 1945.
Back on October 25, 1944, Vice Admiral Onishi had called all commanders of his Air Flotillas to a mid-night meeting, at IJN Clark Air Base in Philippine. The Commander in Chief of the 1st Air Fleet, Vice Admiral Onishi, had conferred with his high ranking officials for ideas on how to repel the Allied forces from Philippine with tangible way, but there had been few ideas. Onishi had then decided to expand his operation plan "Kamikaze" to all his air units, and had warned them if there were any officers who opposed "Kamikaze" attacks should be executed.
The Japanese were prohibited the surrender by their Military code
Senjinkun military code
The was a pocket-sized military code issued to soldiers in the Imperial Japanese forces on 8 January 1941 in the name of then War Minister Hideki Tojo. It was in use at the outbreak of the Pacific War....
. Few survivors testified that Captain Sugimoto died from starvation, and his last words were, "Eat my flesh and blood, you must survive."
Yanagiya survived the war alive. He thought the result of the Yamamoto mission
Death of Isoroku Yamamoto
Operation Vengeance was carried out to assassinate Japanese Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto on April 18, 1943, during the Solomon Islands campaign in the Pacific Theater of World War II. Isoroku Yamamoto, commander of the Combined Fleet of the Imperial Japanese Navy, was killed on Bougainville Island when...
was his shame, not the thing to be proud of. He kept silent until a non-fiction writer, Akira Yoshimura
Akira Yoshimura
was a prize winning Japanese writer.He was the president of the Japanese writers' union and a PEN member. He published over 20 novels, of which On Parole and Shipwrecks are internationally known and have been translated into several languages...
could touch his heart and interviewed 30 years later in mid-1970s.
Yanagiya died on Feb. 29, 2008, at his age of 88.
His record
He was credited 8 vicories. In addition, he was credited shared 18 victories, where fighter pilots were fully credited for 'shared' victories (i.e., if pilots shot down one aircraft, all pilots were credited a victory as 'shared') in IJN Air Force, which based on the world traditional and othodox standard the Royal NavyRoyal Navy
The Royal Navy is the naval warfare service branch of the British Armed Forces. Founded in the 16th century, it is the oldest service branch and is known as the Senior Service...
, the Royal Air Force
Royal Air Force
The Royal Air Force is the aerial warfare service branch of the British Armed Forces. Formed on 1 April 1918, it is the oldest independent air force in the world...
(RAF) and the Armée de l'Air (ALA)
French Air Force
The French Air Force , literally Army of the Air) is the air force of the French Armed Forces. It was formed in 1909 as the Service Aéronautique, a service arm of the French Army, then was made an independent military arm in 1933...
adopted since World War I till World War II. His flight hours were about 500 hours in June 1943.
| Date | ID code of his Zero Fighter | Flight hours | Count | Sub-total | Mission |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Apr.3 (Sat.) | T2-187 | 1:30 | 1 | 1:00 | Unit formation training |
| Apr.7 (Wed.) | T2-129 | 6:00 | 2 (Operation X) | 7:30 | Attack Lunga point, Guadalcanal |
| Apr.7 (Wed.) | T2-129 | 1:00 | 3 | 8:30 | **** |
| Apr.8 (Thur.) | T2-117 | 1:00 | 4 | 9:30 | **** |
| Apr.9 (Fri.) | T2-169 | 2:00 | 5 & 6 | 11:30 | Test flights in high-altitude capability |
| Apr.11(Sun.) | T2-165 | 1:00 | 7 | 12:30 | Unit formation training |
| Apr.12(Mon.) | T2-169 | 6:00 | 8 (Operation Y) | 18:30 | Attack Port Moresby, escorting Rikko unit |
| Apr.14(Wed.) | T2-169 | 5:30 | 9 (Operation Y1) | 24:00 | Attack Rabi(Milne Bay airfield, New Guinea), escorting Rikko unit |
| Apr.18(Sun.) | T2-169 | 2:15 | 10 | 26:15 | Escorting Rikkos (Adm. Yamamoto) |
| Apr.18(Sun.) | T2-169 | 1:45 | 11 | 28:00 | Buin -> Rabaul |
| Count | Flight hours | |
|---|---|---|
| Monthly sub-total | 27 | 65hrs 00mins |
| Total | 493 | 429hrs 40mins |
Books
- text in Japanese. - text in Japanese, few images. - text in Japanese, few images. - text in Japanese, a few images. - text in Japanese. - text in Japanese, with images. - text in Japanese, no images. - reprinted in paper backs of the first printed in June, 1976; text in Japanese, few images. - reprinted version, text in Japanese, a few images.----