Kemal Idris
Encyclopedia
Ahmad Kemal Idris was a prominent Indonesia
n Army general
during the 1950s
and 1960s
. He was an Indonesia
n guerrilla leader during the Indonesian National Revolution
, who in 1949 was involved in continued resistance to the Dutch forces after they occupied Yogyakarta
.
Poncke Princen
, the Dutch soldier who went over to the guerrillas, served under Idris's command.
Idris participated in the October 17, 1952 affair in which a group of Indonesia
n Army
officers staged a failed coup attempt that would have forced the dissolution of the Indonesia
n parliament
(DPR
) and put President Sukarno
as the supreme leader of Indonesia http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2010/07/29/obituary-dissident-%E2%80%98waste-general%E2%80%99-kemal-idris-dies.html. As a consequence of his action, Idris failed to receive any significant promotion within the Army
for 13 years http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2010/07/29/obituary-dissident-%E2%80%98waste-general%E2%80%99-kemal-idris-dies.html.
In 1965–1966, Idris was chief of staff of the Strategic Reserve Command (KOSTRAD
), and had an important role in the overthrow of Sukarno and the rise of General Suharto to power.
Nevertheless, by 1980 Idris had a falling out with Suharto and he was part of group of senior Indonesia
n retired generals and politicians to sign a petition highlighting their concerns against Suharto increasing authoritarian rule. This group was later known as the Petisi 50 group, highlighting the number of its signatories http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2010/07/29/obituary-dissident-%E2%80%98waste-general%E2%80%99-kemal-idris-dies.html.
As a result of his involvement with Petisi 50, Idris and his colleagues were sidelined and isolated by the Suharto government. Nevertheless, he managed to set up a garbage collection
company in Jakarta
, earning him the nickname of jenderal sampah ("waste general.") http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2010/07/29/obituary-dissident-%E2%80%98waste-general%E2%80%99-kemal-idris-dies.html
Idris died in Jakarta
on July 28, 2010, due to complications from pneumonia
. http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2010/07/28/former-army-general-govt-critic-kemal-idris-dies.html
Indonesia
Indonesia , officially the Republic of Indonesia , is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia is an archipelago comprising approximately 13,000 islands. It has 33 provinces with over 238 million people, and is the world's fourth most populous country. Indonesia is a republic, with an...
n Army general
Army General
For the army rank of General, as opposed to the specific rank of Army General, see General officer.Army General is a title used in many countries to denote the rank of General nominally commanding an army in the field...
during the 1950s
1950s
The 1950s or The Fifties was the decade that began on January 1, 1950 and ended on December 31, 1959. The decade was the sixth decade of the 20th century...
and 1960s
1960s
The 1960s was the decade that started on January 1, 1960, and ended on December 31, 1969. It was the seventh decade of the 20th century.The 1960s term also refers to an era more often called The Sixties, denoting the complex of inter-related cultural and political trends across the globe...
. He was an Indonesia
Indonesia
Indonesia , officially the Republic of Indonesia , is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia is an archipelago comprising approximately 13,000 islands. It has 33 provinces with over 238 million people, and is the world's fourth most populous country. Indonesia is a republic, with an...
n guerrilla leader during the Indonesian National Revolution
Indonesian National Revolution
The Indonesian National Revolution or Indonesian War of Independence was an armed conflict and diplomatic struggle between Indonesia and the Dutch Empire, and an internal social revolution...
, who in 1949 was involved in continued resistance to the Dutch forces after they occupied Yogyakarta
Yogyakarta (city)
Yogyakarta is a city in the Yogyakarta Special Region, Indonesia. It is renowned as a centre of classical Javanese fine art and culture such as batik, ballet, drama, music, poetry, and puppet shows. Yogyakarta was the Indonesian capital during the Indonesian National Revolution from 1945 to...
.
Poncke Princen
Poncke Princen
Johan Cornelis Princen , better known as Poncke Princen, was a Dutch anti-Nazi fighter and colonial soldier...
, the Dutch soldier who went over to the guerrillas, served under Idris's command.
Idris participated in the October 17, 1952 affair in which a group of Indonesia
Indonesia
Indonesia , officially the Republic of Indonesia , is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia is an archipelago comprising approximately 13,000 islands. It has 33 provinces with over 238 million people, and is the world's fourth most populous country. Indonesia is a republic, with an...
n Army
Army
An army An army An army (from Latin arma "arms, weapons" via Old French armée, "armed" (feminine), in the broadest sense, is the land-based military of a nation or state. It may also include other branches of the military such as the air force via means of aviation corps...
officers staged a failed coup attempt that would have forced the dissolution of the Indonesia
Indonesia
Indonesia , officially the Republic of Indonesia , is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia is an archipelago comprising approximately 13,000 islands. It has 33 provinces with over 238 million people, and is the world's fourth most populous country. Indonesia is a republic, with an...
n parliament
Parliament
A parliament is a legislature, especially in those countries whose system of government is based on the Westminster system modeled after that of the United Kingdom. The name is derived from the French , the action of parler : a parlement is a discussion. The term came to mean a meeting at which...
(DPR
People's Representative Council
The People's Representative Council , sometimes referred to as the House of Representatives, is one of two elected national legislative assemblies in Indonesia....
) and put President Sukarno
Sukarno
Sukarno, born Kusno Sosrodihardjo was the first President of Indonesia.Sukarno was the leader of his country's struggle for independence from the Netherlands and was Indonesia's first President from 1945 to 1967...
as the supreme leader of Indonesia http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2010/07/29/obituary-dissident-%E2%80%98waste-general%E2%80%99-kemal-idris-dies.html. As a consequence of his action, Idris failed to receive any significant promotion within the Army
Army
An army An army An army (from Latin arma "arms, weapons" via Old French armée, "armed" (feminine), in the broadest sense, is the land-based military of a nation or state. It may also include other branches of the military such as the air force via means of aviation corps...
for 13 years http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2010/07/29/obituary-dissident-%E2%80%98waste-general%E2%80%99-kemal-idris-dies.html.
In 1965–1966, Idris was chief of staff of the Strategic Reserve Command (KOSTRAD
Kostrad
Kostrad is the Indonesian Army's Strategic Reserve Command. Kostrad is a Corps level command which has up to 35,000 troops...
), and had an important role in the overthrow of Sukarno and the rise of General Suharto to power.
Nevertheless, by 1980 Idris had a falling out with Suharto and he was part of group of senior Indonesia
Indonesia
Indonesia , officially the Republic of Indonesia , is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia is an archipelago comprising approximately 13,000 islands. It has 33 provinces with over 238 million people, and is the world's fourth most populous country. Indonesia is a republic, with an...
n retired generals and politicians to sign a petition highlighting their concerns against Suharto increasing authoritarian rule. This group was later known as the Petisi 50 group, highlighting the number of its signatories http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2010/07/29/obituary-dissident-%E2%80%98waste-general%E2%80%99-kemal-idris-dies.html.
As a result of his involvement with Petisi 50, Idris and his colleagues were sidelined and isolated by the Suharto government. Nevertheless, he managed to set up a garbage collection
Waste collection
Waste collection is the component of waste management which results in the passage of a waste material from the source of production to either the point of treatment or final disposal...
company in Jakarta
Jakarta
Jakarta is the capital and largest city of Indonesia. Officially known as the Special Capital Territory of Jakarta, it is located on the northwest coast of Java, has an area of , and a population of 9,580,000. Jakarta is the country's economic, cultural and political centre...
, earning him the nickname of jenderal sampah ("waste general.") http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2010/07/29/obituary-dissident-%E2%80%98waste-general%E2%80%99-kemal-idris-dies.html
Idris died in Jakarta
Jakarta
Jakarta is the capital and largest city of Indonesia. Officially known as the Special Capital Territory of Jakarta, it is located on the northwest coast of Java, has an area of , and a population of 9,580,000. Jakarta is the country's economic, cultural and political centre...
on July 28, 2010, due to complications from pneumonia
Pneumonia
Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of the lung—especially affecting the microscopic air sacs —associated with fever, chest symptoms, and a lack of air space on a chest X-ray. Pneumonia is typically caused by an infection but there are a number of other causes...
. http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2010/07/28/former-army-general-govt-critic-kemal-idris-dies.html