Kazim Orbay
Encyclopedia
Mehmet Kâzım Orbay was a Turkish
general and senator. He served as the third Chief of the General Staff of the Turkish Armed Forces
.
), Ottoman Empire
in 1887. He graduated from Mühendishâne-i Berrî-i Hümâyûn (Imperial School of Military Engineering) joined the army in the rank of an artillery
lieutenant in 1904. After finishing the Staff College in 1907, he became a staff officer. In 1908, he attended military courses in Germany and fought then in the Balkan Wars
. He was appointed to chief adjutant of the Ministry of War in the Ottoman
cabinet and served so to Enver Pasha during the World War I. During this time, he was deputed as the Ottoman representative to the Afghan government in the Niedermayer-Hentig Expedition
in 1915, when he presented to Emir Habibullah Khan the Ottoman Sultan's declaration of Jihad, Ottoman Empire's desire to avoid a fatricidal war between Islamic people, and her message to Afghanistan to join the Central Powers
, break with British Empire
and declare war against British India.
After the occupation of Turkey
by the Allies following the defeat of the Ottoman Empire, he joined the independence movement in Anatolia
. Participating actively in the Turkish War of Independence
, he served in several commanding positions in the Eastern Front Army between 1920 and 1922. He fought in the Caucasus
and took part in the Battle of Dumlupinar
.
In 1926, he was promoted to the rank of a three-star general and appointed to vice chief general staff. During 1928 and 1929, Kâzım Orbay served as the Chief of the General Staff of the Afghanistan
Kingdom. Returned to Turkey, he held high-ranking military posts and in 1935, he was promoted to the rank of a four-star general.
Succeeding Fevzi Çakmak
, he served as the Chief of the General Staff of the Turkish armed forces
during the time between January 12, 1944 and July 23, 1946, before he resigned.
Kâzım Orbay retired on July 6, 1950. After the military coup of 1960, he was elected senator in 1961 and served as the president of the parliament.
He died of stomach cancer
in Ankara
and was laid to rest in the Turkish State Cemetery
.
He was married to Mediha Hanım, who is the sister of Enver Pasha, and they had a son named Haşmet. On October 16, 1945, Haşmet Orbay murdered physician Naci Arzan. The investigation of the event known as Ankara Murder turned into a political scandal involving the Republican People's Party
apparatus.
Turkish people
Turkish people, also known as the "Turks" , are an ethnic group primarily living in Turkey and in the former lands of the Ottoman Empire where Turkish minorities had been established in Bulgaria, Cyprus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Georgia, Greece, Kosovo, Macedonia, and Romania...
general and senator. He served as the third Chief of the General Staff of the Turkish Armed Forces
Turkish Armed Forces
The Turkish Armed Forces are the military forces of the Republic of Turkey. They consist of the Army, the Navy , and the Air Force...
.
Biography
Kâzım Orbay was born in Smyrna (present day: İzmirIzmir
Izmir is a large metropolis in the western extremity of Anatolia. The metropolitan area in the entire Izmir Province had a population of 3.35 million as of 2010, making the city third most populous in Turkey...
), Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
in 1887. He graduated from Mühendishâne-i Berrî-i Hümâyûn (Imperial School of Military Engineering) joined the army in the rank of an artillery
Artillery
Originally applied to any group of infantry primarily armed with projectile weapons, artillery has over time become limited in meaning to refer only to those engines of war that operate by projection of munitions far beyond the range of effect of personal weapons...
lieutenant in 1904. After finishing the Staff College in 1907, he became a staff officer. In 1908, he attended military courses in Germany and fought then in the Balkan Wars
Balkan Wars
The Balkan Wars were two conflicts that took place in the Balkans in south-eastern Europe in 1912 and 1913.By the early 20th century, Montenegro, Bulgaria, Greece and Serbia, the countries of the Balkan League, had achieved their independence from the Ottoman Empire, but large parts of their ethnic...
. He was appointed to chief adjutant of the Ministry of War in the Ottoman
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
cabinet and served so to Enver Pasha during the World War I. During this time, he was deputed as the Ottoman representative to the Afghan government in the Niedermayer-Hentig Expedition
Niedermayer-Hentig Expedition
The Niedermayer-Hentig Expedition was a diplomatic mission sent by the Central Powers to Afghanistan in 1915-1916. The purpose was to encourage Afghanistan to declare full independence from the United Kingdom, enter World War I on the side of the Central Powers, and attack India. The expedition was...
in 1915, when he presented to Emir Habibullah Khan the Ottoman Sultan's declaration of Jihad, Ottoman Empire's desire to avoid a fatricidal war between Islamic people, and her message to Afghanistan to join the Central Powers
Central Powers
The Central Powers were one of the two warring factions in World War I , composed of the German Empire, the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Ottoman Empire, and the Kingdom of Bulgaria...
, break with British Empire
British Empire
The British Empire comprised the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom. It originated with the overseas colonies and trading posts established by England in the late 16th and early 17th centuries. At its height, it was the...
and declare war against British India.
After the occupation of Turkey
Turkey
Turkey , known officially as the Republic of Turkey , is a Eurasian country located in Western Asia and in East Thrace in Southeastern Europe...
by the Allies following the defeat of the Ottoman Empire, he joined the independence movement in Anatolia
Anatolia
Anatolia is a geographic and historical term denoting the westernmost protrusion of Asia, comprising the majority of the Republic of Turkey...
. Participating actively in the Turkish War of Independence
Turkish War of Independence
The Turkish War of Independence was a war of independence waged by Turkish nationalists against the Allies, after the country was partitioned by the Allies following the Ottoman Empire's defeat in World War I...
, he served in several commanding positions in the Eastern Front Army between 1920 and 1922. He fought in the Caucasus
Caucasus
The Caucasus, also Caucas or Caucasia , is a geopolitical region at the border of Europe and Asia, and situated between the Black and the Caspian sea...
and took part in the Battle of Dumlupinar
Battle of Dumlupinar
The Battle of Dumlupınar Muharebesi or Başkumandanlık Meydan Muharebesi; literally "All-out battle of Supreme military commands") was the last battle in the Greco-Turkish War...
.
In 1926, he was promoted to the rank of a three-star general and appointed to vice chief general staff. During 1928 and 1929, Kâzım Orbay served as the Chief of the General Staff of the Afghanistan
Afghanistan
Afghanistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located in the centre of Asia, forming South Asia, Central Asia and the Middle East. With a population of about 29 million, it has an area of , making it the 42nd most populous and 41st largest nation in the world...
Kingdom. Returned to Turkey, he held high-ranking military posts and in 1935, he was promoted to the rank of a four-star general.
Succeeding Fevzi Çakmak
Fevzi Çakmak
Mustafa Fevzi Çakmak was a Turkish soldier , politician. Minister of War of the Ottoman Empire, National Defence Minister, Prime minister of Ankara government, the second Chief of the General Staff of the Army of the Grand National Assembly and the first Chief of the General Staff of the Republic of...
, he served as the Chief of the General Staff of the Turkish armed forces
Turkish Armed Forces
The Turkish Armed Forces are the military forces of the Republic of Turkey. They consist of the Army, the Navy , and the Air Force...
during the time between January 12, 1944 and July 23, 1946, before he resigned.
Kâzım Orbay retired on July 6, 1950. After the military coup of 1960, he was elected senator in 1961 and served as the president of the parliament.
He died of stomach cancer
Stomach cancer
Gastric cancer, commonly referred to as stomach cancer, can develop in any part of the stomach and may spread throughout the stomach and to other organs; particularly the esophagus, lungs, lymph nodes, and the liver...
in Ankara
Ankara
Ankara is the capital of Turkey and the country's second largest city after Istanbul. The city has a mean elevation of , and as of 2010 the metropolitan area in the entire Ankara Province had a population of 4.4 million....
and was laid to rest in the Turkish State Cemetery
Turkish State Cemetery
Turkish State Cemetery is a national and military cemetery in Ankara, Turkey, containing the graves of the presidents of Turkey and the high-ranked, close companions-in-arms of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the founder of the Republic of Turkey, in the Turkish War of Independence.- History :The cemetery...
.
He was married to Mediha Hanım, who is the sister of Enver Pasha, and they had a son named Haşmet. On October 16, 1945, Haşmet Orbay murdered physician Naci Arzan. The investigation of the event known as Ankara Murder turned into a political scandal involving the Republican People's Party
Republican People's Party (Turkey)
The Republican People's Party is a centre-left Kemalist political party in Turkey. It is the oldest political party of Turkey and is currently Main Opposition in the Grand National Assembly. The Republican People's Party describes itself as "a modern social-democratic party, which is faithful to...
apparatus.
External links
- Mehmet Kazım ORBAY in the official website of the Turkish General Staff