José Relvas
Encyclopedia
José Maria Mascarenhas Relvas (Golegã, Golegã, March 5, 1858 - Alpiarça
, Casa dos Patudos, October 31, 1929; ʒuˈzɛ ˈʁɛɫvɐʃ, was a Portuguese
politician.
, it was he who proclaimed the republic from the balcony of the Municipal Chamber
of Lisbon
, on 5 October 1910. He was the second Minister of Finance during the provisional government led by Teófilo Braga
, from 12 October 1910 to 3 September 1911.
After that, he served as minister (ambassador
) of Portugal in Madrid
, from 1911 to 1914. He was President of the Ministry (103rd Prime Minister
), from 27 January to 30 March 1919, in one of the many short-lived governments of the Portuguese First Republic
. His house in Alpiarça
is now a museum, the Casa dos Patudos, where his art collection is exhibited.
of the Royal Household
, and his wife, Margarida Amélia Mendes de Azevedo e Vasconcelos (1838 – 1888), daughter of the 1st Viscount
and 1st Count
of Podentes, grand-niece of the 1st Viscount
of Tavira
, great-granddaughter of the 1st Baroness
of Silva
, and the representative of these titles.
Ironically, despite the fact that he, too, was also the representative of the titles and potentially one of the most titled men of the liberal monarchy, he was always a republican.
He was married to Eugénia de Loureiro de Queirós do Couto Leitão, daughter of Luís de Loureiro de Queirós Cardoso do Couto Leitão (born 19 April 1844), 1st Viscount de Loureiro, and son of the 1st Barons de Prime, and his wife (married 13 September 1862), Antónia da Silva Mendes (23 September 1845 – 12 October 1872), and they had three children: Carlos, João, and Maria Luísa.
Alpiarça
Alpiarça is a municipality in Portugal with a total area of 95.0 km² and a total population of 8,157 inhabitants.The municipality is composed of 1 parish, and is located in Santarém District....
, Casa dos Patudos, October 31, 1929; ʒuˈzɛ ˈʁɛɫvɐʃ, was a Portuguese
Portuguese people
The Portuguese are a nation and ethnic group native to the country of Portugal, in the west of the Iberian peninsula of south-west Europe. Their language is Portuguese, and Roman Catholicism is the predominant religion....
politician.
Political career
An historic republicanRepublicanism
Republicanism is the ideology of governing a nation as a republic, where the head of state is appointed by means other than heredity, often elections. The exact meaning of republicanism varies depending on the cultural and historical context...
, it was he who proclaimed the republic from the balcony of the Municipal Chamber
Câmara Municipal
- Portugal :Its members are elected by the Hondt method, serve year-round and are paid. The president of a Municipal Chamber is the head of the most-voted list...
of Lisbon
Lisbon
Lisbon is the capital city and largest city of Portugal with a population of 545,245 within its administrative limits on a land area of . The urban area of Lisbon extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of 3 million on an area of , making it the 9th most populous urban...
, on 5 October 1910. He was the second Minister of Finance during the provisional government led by Teófilo Braga
Teófilo Braga
Joaquim Teófilo Fernandes Braga ]] 24 February 1843 – 28 January 1924) was a Portuguese writer, playwright, politician and the leader of the Republican Provisional Government after the abdication of King Manuel II, as well as the second elected President of the First Portuguese Republic, following...
, from 12 October 1910 to 3 September 1911.
After that, he served as minister (ambassador
Ambassador
An ambassador is the highest ranking diplomat who represents a nation and is usually accredited to a foreign sovereign or government, or to an international organization....
) of Portugal in Madrid
Madrid
Madrid is the capital and largest city of Spain. The population of the city is roughly 3.3 million and the entire population of the Madrid metropolitan area is calculated to be 6.271 million. It is the third largest city in the European Union, after London and Berlin, and its metropolitan...
, from 1911 to 1914. He was President of the Ministry (103rd Prime Minister
Prime minister
A prime minister is the most senior minister of cabinet in the executive branch of government in a parliamentary system. In many systems, the prime minister selects and may dismiss other members of the cabinet, and allocates posts to members within the government. In most systems, the prime...
), from 27 January to 30 March 1919, in one of the many short-lived governments of the Portuguese First Republic
Portuguese First Republic
The Portuguese First Republic spans a complex 16 year period in the history of Portugal, between the end of the period of constitutional monarchy marked by the 5 October 1910 revolution and the 28 May coup d'état of 1926...
. His house in Alpiarça
Alpiarça
Alpiarça is a municipality in Portugal with a total area of 95.0 km² and a total population of 8,157 inhabitants.The municipality is composed of 1 parish, and is located in Santarém District....
is now a museum, the Casa dos Patudos, where his art collection is exhibited.
Family
He was the son of Carlos Augusto Mascarenhas Relvas de Campos (Golegã, Golegã, c. 1835 – Golegã, Golegã, 23 January 1884), FidalgoFidalgo
Fidalgo , from Galician and Portuguese filho de algo—sometimes translated into English as "son of somebody" or "son of some "—is a traditional title used in Portugal to refer to a member of the titled or untitled nobility...
of the Royal Household
Royal Household
A Royal Household in ancient and medieval monarchies formed the basis for the general government of the country as well as providing for the needs of the sovereign and his relations....
, and his wife, Margarida Amélia Mendes de Azevedo e Vasconcelos (1838 – 1888), daughter of the 1st Viscount
Viscount
A viscount or viscountess is a member of the European nobility whose comital title ranks usually, as in the British peerage, above a baron, below an earl or a count .-Etymology:...
and 1st Count
Count
A count or countess is an aristocratic nobleman in European countries. The word count came into English from the French comte, itself from Latin comes—in its accusative comitem—meaning "companion", and later "companion of the emperor, delegate of the emperor". The adjective form of the word is...
of Podentes, grand-niece of the 1st Viscount
Viscount
A viscount or viscountess is a member of the European nobility whose comital title ranks usually, as in the British peerage, above a baron, below an earl or a count .-Etymology:...
of Tavira
Tavira
Tavira is a Portuguese city, situated at 37°07' north, 7°39' west in the east of the Algarve on the south coast of Portugal. It is 30 km east of Faro and 160 km west of Seville in Spain. The Gilão River meets the Atlantic Ocean in Tavira....
, great-granddaughter of the 1st Baroness
Baroness
Baroness is the female equivalent of the nobility title Baron.Baroness or The Baroness may also refer to:* Baroness , a metal band from Savannah, Georgia* Baroness , a fictional villain in the G.I...
of Silva
Silva
Silva is a common surname in the Portuguese language, namely in Portugal, and Brazil; it is also widespread in regions of the former Portuguese Empire in Asia, including India and Sri Lanka....
, and the representative of these titles.
Ironically, despite the fact that he, too, was also the representative of the titles and potentially one of the most titled men of the liberal monarchy, he was always a republican.
He was married to Eugénia de Loureiro de Queirós do Couto Leitão, daughter of Luís de Loureiro de Queirós Cardoso do Couto Leitão (born 19 April 1844), 1st Viscount de Loureiro, and son of the 1st Barons de Prime, and his wife (married 13 September 1862), Antónia da Silva Mendes (23 September 1845 – 12 October 1872), and they had three children: Carlos, João, and Maria Luísa.