José Garibi y Rivera
Encyclopedia
José Garibi y Rivera S.T.D.
(1889–1972) was a Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church
and Archbishop
of Guadalajara
. He was the first Mexican cardinal.
of Guadalajara from 1900 to 1906, where he studied the humanities
, sciences, Latin
, Greek
, philosophy
and theology
and from 1906 until 1907 at the Franciscan convent of Zapopán, but he left early after he decided not to join the order. After leaving the seminary of Guadalajara in 1912 he went to the Pontifical Gregorian University
from October 1913 to July 1916 where he earned a doctorate
in theology
and licentiate
in canon law
. He was named professor
of Latin at the Seminary of Guadalajara in 1911. He occupied the post until 26 August 1913.
of Roso and auxiliary bishop
of Guadalajara on 16 December 1929. He was consecrated on 7 May 1930, by Francisco Orozco Jiménez, Archbishop of Guadalajara. He was appointed as Vicar general
of the archdiocese of Guadalajara on 1 January 1933. He was promoted to titular archbishop of Bizia and coadjutor bishop
of Guadalajara. He succeeded to the metropolitan see of Guadalajara on 18 February 1936. He was elected as President of the Mexican Episcopal Conference
for six consecutive terms.
of December 15, 1958 by Pope John XXIII
. He participated in the conclave of 1963
that elected Pope Paul VI
.
Doctor of Sacred Theology
The Doctor of Sacred Theology is the final theological degree in the pontifical university system of the Catholic Church....
(1889–1972) was a Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church
Roman Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the world's largest Christian church, with over a billion members. Led by the Pope, it defines its mission as spreading the gospel of Jesus Christ, administering the sacraments and exercising charity...
and Archbishop
Archbishop
An archbishop is a bishop of higher rank, but not of higher sacramental order above that of the three orders of deacon, priest , and bishop...
of Guadalajara
Guadalajara, Jalisco
Guadalajara is the capital of the Mexican state of Jalisco, and the seat of the municipality of Guadalajara. The city is located in the central region of Jalisco in the western-pacific area of Mexico. With a population of 1,564,514 it is Mexico's second most populous municipality...
. He was the first Mexican cardinal.
Education
He was educated at the Colegio del Señor San José (primary education) and the SeminarySeminary
A seminary, theological college, or divinity school is an institution of secondary or post-secondary education for educating students in theology, generally to prepare them for ordination as clergy or for other ministry...
of Guadalajara from 1900 to 1906, where he studied the humanities
Humanities
The humanities are academic disciplines that study the human condition, using methods that are primarily analytical, critical, or speculative, as distinguished from the mainly empirical approaches of the natural sciences....
, sciences, Latin
Latin
Latin is an Italic language originally spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. It, along with most European languages, is a descendant of the ancient Proto-Indo-European language. Although it is considered a dead language, a number of scholars and members of the Christian clergy speak it fluently, and...
, Greek
Greek language
Greek is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages. Native to the southern Balkans, it has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning 34 centuries of written records. Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the majority of its history;...
, philosophy
Philosophy
Philosophy is the study of general and fundamental problems, such as those connected with existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language. Philosophy is distinguished from other ways of addressing such problems by its critical, generally systematic approach and its reliance on rational...
and theology
Theology
Theology is the systematic and rational study of religion and its influences and of the nature of religious truths, or the learned profession acquired by completing specialized training in religious studies, usually at a university or school of divinity or seminary.-Definition:Augustine of Hippo...
and from 1906 until 1907 at the Franciscan convent of Zapopán, but he left early after he decided not to join the order. After leaving the seminary of Guadalajara in 1912 he went to the Pontifical Gregorian University
Pontifical Gregorian University
The Pontifical Gregorian University is a pontifical university located in Rome, Italy.Heir of the Roman College founded by Saint Ignatius of Loyola over 460 years ago, the Gregorian University was the first university founded by the Jesuits...
from October 1913 to July 1916 where he earned a doctorate
Doctorate
A doctorate is an academic degree or professional degree that in most countries refers to a class of degrees which qualify the holder to teach in a specific field, A doctorate is an academic degree or professional degree that in most countries refers to a class of degrees which qualify the holder...
in theology
Theology
Theology is the systematic and rational study of religion and its influences and of the nature of religious truths, or the learned profession acquired by completing specialized training in religious studies, usually at a university or school of divinity or seminary.-Definition:Augustine of Hippo...
and licentiate
Licentiate
Licentiate is the title of a person who holds an academic degree called a licence. The term may derive from the Latin licentia docendi, meaning permission to teach. The term may also derive from the Latin licentia ad practicandum, which signified someone who held a certificate of competence to...
in canon law
Canon law
Canon law is the body of laws & regulations made or adopted by ecclesiastical authority, for the government of the Christian organization and its members. It is the internal ecclesiastical law governing the Catholic Church , the Eastern and Oriental Orthodox churches, and the Anglican Communion of...
. He was named professor
Professor
A professor is a scholarly teacher; the precise meaning of the term varies by country. Literally, professor derives from Latin as a "person who professes" being usually an expert in arts or sciences; a teacher of high rank...
of Latin at the Seminary of Guadalajara in 1911. He occupied the post until 26 August 1913.
Episcopate
He was appointed as titular bishopTitular bishop
A titular bishop in various churches is a bishop who is not in charge of a diocese.By definition a bishop is an "overseer" of a community of the faithful, so when a priest is ordained a bishop the tradition of the Roman Catholic and Orthodox churches is that he be ordained for a specific place...
of Roso and auxiliary bishop
Auxiliary bishop
An auxiliary bishop, in the Roman Catholic Church, is an additional bishop assigned to a diocese because the diocesan bishop is unable to perform his functions, the diocese is so extensive that it requires more than one bishop to administer, or the diocese is attached to a royal or imperial office...
of Guadalajara on 16 December 1929. He was consecrated on 7 May 1930, by Francisco Orozco Jiménez, Archbishop of Guadalajara. He was appointed as Vicar general
Vicar general
A vicar general is the principal deputy of the bishop of a diocese for the exercise of administrative authority. As vicar of the bishop, the vicar general exercises the bishop's ordinary executive power over the entire diocese and, thus, is the highest official in a diocese or other particular...
of the archdiocese of Guadalajara on 1 January 1933. He was promoted to titular archbishop of Bizia and coadjutor bishop
Coadjutor bishop
A coadjutor bishop is a bishop in the Roman Catholic or Anglican churches who is designated to assist the diocesan bishop in the administration of the diocese, almost as co-bishop of the diocese...
of Guadalajara. He succeeded to the metropolitan see of Guadalajara on 18 February 1936. He was elected as President of the Mexican Episcopal Conference
Mexican Episcopal Conference
The Mexican Episcopal Conference is an organization of Catholic bishops, known as an episcopal conference. It is the official leadership body of the Catholic Church in Mexico....
for six consecutive terms.
Cardinal
He was created and proclaimed Cardinal-Priest of S. Onofrio in the consistoryConsistory
-Antiquity:Originally, the Latin word consistorium meant simply 'sitting together', just as the Greek synedrion ....
of December 15, 1958 by Pope John XXIII
Pope John XXIII
-Papal election:Following the death of Pope Pius XII in 1958, Roncalli was elected Pope, to his great surprise. He had even arrived in the Vatican with a return train ticket to Venice. Many had considered Giovanni Battista Montini, Archbishop of Milan, a possible candidate, but, although archbishop...
. He participated in the conclave of 1963
Papal conclave, 1963
The Papal conclave of 1963 was convoked following the death of Pope John XXIII on June 3 of that same year in the Apostolic Palace. After the cardinal electors assembled in Rome, the conclave to elect John's successor began on June 19 and ended two days later, on June 21, after six ballots. The...
that elected Pope Paul VI
Pope Paul VI
Paul VI , born Giovanni Battista Enrico Antonio Maria Montini , reigned as Pope of the Catholic Church from 21 June 1963 until his death on 6 August 1978. Succeeding Pope John XXIII, who had convened the Second Vatican Council, he decided to continue it...
.