Jorge Anaya
Encyclopedia
Admiral
Jorge Isaac Anaya (27 September 1926 – 9 January 2008) was a member of the Argentine Navy
. He was born in Bahía Blanca
, in the province of Buenos Aires. He participated in the military dictatorship
known as the National Reorganisation Process (1976–1983) and, along with Leopoldo Fortunato Galtieri and Basilio Lami Dozo
, was a member of the Third Military Junta that ruled Argentina
between 1981 and 1982. He was the main architect and supporter of a military solution for the long standing claim over the Falkland Islands
that led to the Falklands War
.
Anaya participated in the coup
against president Juan Domingo Perón.
He later served as Argentina's naval attaché in London, United Kingdom.
In 1976, during the first part of the new military regime
, Anaya was Chief of Naval Operations.
In December 1981, there was a change in the dictatorship bringing to office a new junta headed by General Leopoldo Galtieri
. Anaya then, as commander-in-chief of the navy, ordered Vice-Admiral Juan Lombardo
to create a plan to recuperate the Falklands Islands which both presented to the new acting president.
During the 1982 war he devised and commanded Operation Algeciras
, in which Argentine commandos were to sabotage a Royal Navy
warship harboured in Gibraltar
; the plan was thwarted at the last minute when communications were intercepted.
In the 1985 Trial of the Juntas he was acquitted of charges of kidnapping, torture, enslavement, concealing the truth, usurpation of power, and false declarations.
In 1997, Spanish judge Baltasar Garzón
requested the arrest and extradition of 45 members of the Argentine military, and one civilian, for crimes of genocide
, state terrorism
, and torture committed during the "Dirty War
" period of the de facto regime, including Anaya. The request was denied on several occasions by the democratically elected Argentine government, which argued that it was inadmissible on grounds of inapplicable jurisdiction.
On 27 July 2003, by means of Decree 420/03, President Néstor Kirchner
amended the criteria under which the extraditions had been refused, ordering that the legal proceedings requested by the Spanish courts go ahead and thus enabling the extraditions to proceed.
In August 2003, Spanish Prime Minister José María Aznar
ordered the cessation of the extradition proceedings for crimes committed in Argentina under the de facto regime.
That decision was later overturned by the Supreme Court
in 2005, which ordered that Garzón's requested extraditions continue. In November 2006, while waiting to be interrogated by an examining magistrate, he suffered a heart attack and was rushed to the naval hospital; he remained under house arrest after his discharge from hospital, but was never deemed fit enough to stand trial.
He died on 9 January 2008 while under house arrest on charges of human rights violations.
.
Admiral
Admiral is the rank, or part of the name of the ranks, of the highest naval officers. It is usually considered a full admiral and above vice admiral and below admiral of the fleet . It is usually abbreviated to "Adm" or "ADM"...
Jorge Isaac Anaya (27 September 1926 – 9 January 2008) was a member of the Argentine Navy
Argentine Navy
The Navy of the Argentine Republic or Armada of the Argentine Republic is the navy of Argentina. It is one of the three branches of the Armed Forces of the Argentine Republic, together with the Army and the Air Force....
. He was born in Bahía Blanca
Bahía Blanca
Bahía Blanca is a city located in the south-west of the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina, by the Atlantic Ocean, and seat of government of Bahía Blanca Partido. It has a population of 274,509 inhabitants according to the...
, in the province of Buenos Aires. He participated in the military dictatorship
Military dictatorship
A military dictatorship is a form of government where in the political power resides with the military. It is similar but not identical to a stratocracy, a state ruled directly by the military....
known as the National Reorganisation Process (1976–1983) and, along with Leopoldo Fortunato Galtieri and Basilio Lami Dozo
Basilio Lami Dozo
Brigadier General Basilio Arturo Ignacio Lami Dozo was a member of the Argentine Air Force.He participated in the military dictatorship known as the National Reorganisation Process and, along with Leopoldo Fortunato Galtieri and Jorge Isaac Anaya, was a member of the Third Military Junta that...
, was a member of the Third Military Junta that ruled Argentina
Argentina
Argentina , officially the Argentine Republic , is the second largest country in South America by land area, after Brazil. It is constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city, Buenos Aires...
between 1981 and 1982. He was the main architect and supporter of a military solution for the long standing claim over the Falkland Islands
Falkland Islands
The Falkland Islands are an archipelago in the South Atlantic Ocean, located about from the coast of mainland South America. The archipelago consists of East Falkland, West Falkland and 776 lesser islands. The capital, Stanley, is on East Falkland...
that led to the Falklands War
Falklands War
The Falklands War , also called the Falklands Conflict or Falklands Crisis, was fought in 1982 between Argentina and the United Kingdom over the disputed Falkland Islands and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands...
.
Career
In 1955, Ship-of-the-Line LieutenantShip-of-the-Line Lieutenant
Ship-of-the-line lieutenant is a common naval rank, equivalent to the naval rank of Lieutenant in the UK, Commonwealth and US.The name of the rank derives from the name of the largest class of warship, the ship of the line, as opposed to smaller types of warship .The rank is lieutenant de vaisseau...
Anaya participated in the coup
Revolución Libertadora
The Revolución Libertadora was a military uprising that ended the second presidential term of Juan Perón in Argentina, on September 16, 1955.-History:...
against president Juan Domingo Perón.
He later served as Argentina's naval attaché in London, United Kingdom.
In 1976, during the first part of the new military regime
National Reorganization Process
The National Reorganization Process was the name used by its leaders for the military government that ruled Argentina from 1976 to 1983. In Argentina it is often known simply as la última junta militar or la última dictadura , because several of them existed throughout its history.The Argentine...
, Anaya was Chief of Naval Operations.
In December 1981, there was a change in the dictatorship bringing to office a new junta headed by General Leopoldo Galtieri
Leopoldo Galtieri
Leopoldo Fortunato Galtieri Castelli was an Argentine general and President of Argentina from December 22, 1981 to June 18, 1982, during the last military dictatorship . The death squad Intelligence Battalion 601 directly reported to him...
. Anaya then, as commander-in-chief of the navy, ordered Vice-Admiral Juan Lombardo
Juan Lombardo
Juan José Lombardo is a retired Argentine Vice Admiral. He was the commander in chief of the TOAS or Teatro de Operaciones del Atlántico sur during the 1982 Falklands War. He was also the mastermind of Operation Rosario, the Argentine invasion of the Falklands...
to create a plan to recuperate the Falklands Islands which both presented to the new acting president.
During the 1982 war he devised and commanded Operation Algeciras
Operation Algeciras
Operation Algeciras was an ill-fated Argentine plan to sabotage a Royal Navy warship in Gibraltar during the Falklands War. The premise being that if the British military felt vulnerable in Europe, they would decide to keep some vessels in Europe rather than send them to the Falklands.A commando...
, in which Argentine commandos were to sabotage a Royal Navy
Royal Navy
The Royal Navy is the naval warfare service branch of the British Armed Forces. Founded in the 16th century, it is the oldest service branch and is known as the Senior Service...
warship harboured in Gibraltar
Gibraltar
Gibraltar is a British overseas territory located on the southern end of the Iberian Peninsula at the entrance of the Mediterranean. A peninsula with an area of , it has a northern border with Andalusia, Spain. The Rock of Gibraltar is the major landmark of the region...
; the plan was thwarted at the last minute when communications were intercepted.
In 1997, Spanish judge Baltasar Garzón
Baltasar Garzón
Baltasar Garzón Real is a Spanish jurist who served on Spain's central criminal court, the Audiencia Nacional. He was the examining magistrate of the Juzgado Central de Instrucción No...
requested the arrest and extradition of 45 members of the Argentine military, and one civilian, for crimes of genocide
Genocide
Genocide is defined as "the deliberate and systematic destruction, in whole or in part, of an ethnic, racial, religious, or national group", though what constitutes enough of a "part" to qualify as genocide has been subject to much debate by legal scholars...
, state terrorism
State terrorism
State terrorism may refer to acts of terrorism conducted by a state against a foreign state or people. It can also refer to acts of violence by a state against its own people.-Definition:...
, and torture committed during the "Dirty War
Dirty War
The Dirty War was a period of state-sponsored violence in Argentina from 1976 until 1983. Victims of the violence included several thousand left-wing activists, including trade unionists, students, journalists, Marxists, Peronist guerrillas and alleged sympathizers, either proved or suspected...
" period of the de facto regime, including Anaya. The request was denied on several occasions by the democratically elected Argentine government, which argued that it was inadmissible on grounds of inapplicable jurisdiction.
On 27 July 2003, by means of Decree 420/03, President Néstor Kirchner
Néstor Kirchner
Néstor Carlos Kirchner was an Argentine politician who served as the 54th President of Argentina from 25 May 2003 until 10 December 2007. Previously, he was Governor of Santa Cruz Province since 10 December 1991. He briefly served as Secretary General of the Union of South American Nations ...
amended the criteria under which the extraditions had been refused, ordering that the legal proceedings requested by the Spanish courts go ahead and thus enabling the extraditions to proceed.
In August 2003, Spanish Prime Minister José María Aznar
José María Aznar
José María Alfredo Aznar López served as the Prime Minister of Spain from 1996 to 2004. He is on the board of directors of News Corporation.-Early life:...
ordered the cessation of the extradition proceedings for crimes committed in Argentina under the de facto regime.
That decision was later overturned by the Supreme Court
Supreme Court of Spain
The Supreme Court of Spain is the highest court in Spain for all matters not pertaining to the Spanish Constitution. The court which meets in the Convent of the Salesas Reales in Madrid, consists of a president and an indeterminate number of magistrates appointed to the five chambers of the...
in 2005, which ordered that Garzón's requested extraditions continue. In November 2006, while waiting to be interrogated by an examining magistrate, he suffered a heart attack and was rushed to the naval hospital; he remained under house arrest after his discharge from hospital, but was never deemed fit enough to stand trial.
He died on 9 January 2008 while under house arrest on charges of human rights violations.
Source
Translated, in part, from the corresponding article on the Spanish-language WikipediaSpanish Wikipedia
The Spanish Wikipedia is a Spanish-language edition of Wikipedia, a free, online encyclopedia. It currently has articles. Started in May 2001, it reached 100,000 articles on March 8, 2006. Currently, it is the 6th largest Wikipedia as measured by the number of articles, having surpassed Polish...
.
External links
- "La Corte, contra un pedido de Graffigna y Lami Dozo" ClarínClarín (newspaper)Clarín is the largest newspaper in Argentina, published by the Grupo Clarín media group. It was founded by Roberto Noble on 28 August 1945. It is politically centrist but popularly understood to oppose the Kirchner government...
, 13 April 2006 - Obituary