John Smith Memorial Mace - AbsoluteAstronomy.com

The John Smith Memorial Mace (previously known as The Observer Mace from 1954–1995) is an annual debating

Debate

Debate or debating is a method of interactive and representational argument. Debate is a broader form of argument than logical argument, which only examines consistency from axiom, and factual argument, which only examines what is or isn't the case or rhetoric which is a technique of persuasion...

tournament (British Parliamentary format

British Parliamentary Style

British Parliamentary style debate is a common form of academic debate. It has gained support in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Canada, Europe, Africa, Philippines and United States, and has also been adopted as the official style of the World Universities Debating Championship and European...

) contested by universities

University

A university is an institution of higher education and research, which grants academic degrees in a variety of subjects. A university is an organisation that provides both undergraduate education and postgraduate education...

in England

England

England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, with the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...

, Ireland

Ireland

Ireland is an island to the northwest of continental Europe. It is the third-largest island in Europe and the twentieth-largest island on Earth...

, Scotland

Scotland

Scotland is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Occupying the northern third of the island of Great Britain, it shares a border with England to the south and is bounded by the North Sea to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the...

and Wales

Wales

Wales is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and the island of Great Britain, bordered by England to its east and the Atlantic Ocean and Irish Sea to its west. It has a population of three million, and a total area of 20,779 km²...

.

The equivalent competition for secondary school

Secondary school

Secondary school is a term used to describe an educational institution where the final stage of schooling, known as secondary education and usually compulsory up to a specified age, takes place...

s is the ESU Schools Mace

ESU Schools Mace

The English-Speaking Union Schools Mace is an annual debating tournament for secondary schools in England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales.The competition was founded in 1957 by the journalist Kenneth Harris of The Observer newspaper, and was initially known as The Observer Schools Mace...

History

The competition was founded in 1954 by the journalist Kenneth Harris of The Observer
The Observer
The Observer is a British newspaper, published on Sundays. In the same place on the political spectrum as its daily sister paper The Guardian, which acquired it in 1993, it takes a liberal or social democratic line on most issues. It is the world's oldest Sunday newspaper.-Origins:The first issue,...

newspaper, and was sponsored by the newspaper until 1995. It was then renamed the John Smith Memorial Mace in honour of the British Labour Party

Labour Party (UK)

The Labour Party is a centre-left democratic socialist party in the United Kingdom. It surpassed the Liberal Party in general elections during the early 1920s, forming minority governments under Ramsay MacDonald in 1924 and 1929-1931. The party was in a wartime coalition from 1940 to 1945, after...

leader John Smith

John Smith (UK politician)

John Smith was a British Labour Party politician who served as Leader of the Labour Party from July 1992 until his sudden death from a heart attack in May 1994...

, who won the tournament as a member of the Glasgow University

University of Glasgow

The University of Glasgow is the fourth-oldest university in the English-speaking world and one of Scotland's four ancient universities. Located in Glasgow, the university was founded in 1451 and is presently one of seventeen British higher education institutions ranked amongst the top 100 of the...

team in 1962, and died in 1994.

The competition has been held annually since 1954, except for 1977, when no tournament was organised. In the early years, neither Oxbridge

Oxbridge

Oxbridge is a portmanteau of the University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge in England, and the term is now used to refer to them collectively, often with implications of perceived superior social status...

debating society (the Oxford Union

Oxford Union

The Oxford Union Society, commonly referred to simply as the Oxford Union, is a debating society in the city of Oxford, Britain, whose membership is drawn primarily but not exclusively from the University of Oxford...

and Cambridge Union) participated. Glasgow University Union

Glasgow University Union

Glasgow University Union is one of the largest and oldest students' unions in the UK, serving students and alumni of the University of Glasgow since 1885....

has been the most successful institution in the competition's history, winning the tournament 15 times, most recently in 1995.

In addition to John Smith, other notable former winners include Charles Kennedy

Charles Kennedy

Charles Peter Kennedy is a British Liberal Democrat politician, who led the Liberal Democrats from 9 August 1999 until 7 January 2006 and is currently a Member of Parliament for the Ross, Skye and Lochaber constituency....

, Donald Dewar

Donald Dewar

Donald Campbell Dewar was a British politician who served as a Labour Party Member of Parliament in Scotland from 1966-1970, and then again from 1978 until his death in 2000. He served in Tony Blair's cabinet as Secretary of State for Scotland from 1997-1999 and was instrumental in the creation...

, Lord Hunt of Wirral and Professor Anthony Clare

Anthony Clare

Anthony Ward Clare was an Irish psychiatrist well known in the UK and Ireland as a presenter of radio and TV programmes.-Career:...

Format

Since 1993, the competition has been run by the English-Speaking Union

English-Speaking Union

The English-Speaking Union is an international educational charity which was founded by the journalist Evelyn Wrench in 1918. The ESU aims to "bring together and empower people of different languages and cultures," by building skills and confidence in communication, such that individuals realize...

, with assistance from regional convenors. Four regional tournmaments are held each year for universities in England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales. The Irish tournament is open to teams from both the Republic of Ireland

Republic of Ireland

Ireland , described as the Republic of Ireland , is a sovereign state in Europe occupying approximately five-sixths of the island of the same name. Its capital is Dublin. Ireland, which had a population of 4.58 million in 2011, is a constitutional republic governed as a parliamentary democracy,...

and Northern Ireland

Northern Ireland

Northern Ireland is one of the four countries of the United Kingdom. Situated in the north-east of the island of Ireland, it shares a border with the Republic of Ireland to the south and west...

. The winners of these four regional competitions then go on to face each other in the International Final, which is held each spring to determine the overall champions.

All debates in the competition are held using the British Parliamentary debate format

British Parliamentary Style

. Speeches in the International Final and regional finals are nine minutes long, which is longer than at most other British Parliamentary format tournaments, where speeches are usually seven or five minutes long. Until 2001, speeches in the tournament's finals were ten minutes long.

The Mace is considered by many debaters to be effectively an overall championship for the United Kingdom

United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...

and Ireland

Ireland

Ireland is an island to the northwest of continental Europe. It is the third-largest island in Europe and the twentieth-largest island on Earth...

, with the regional qualifying tournament serving effectively as national championships for England, Scotland and Wales. The Irish Times National Debating Championship

Irish Times National Debating Championship

The Irish Times National Debating Championship is a debating competition for students in higher education in Ireland. It has been run since 1960, sponsored by The Irish Times...

served as the Irish qualifier for the Mace in the 1960s, but is now run separately.

Past champions

Year	Institution / Society	Speakers
2011	Cambridge Union Cambridge Union Society The Cambridge Union Society, commonly referred to as simply "the Cambridge Union" or "the Union," is a debating society in Cambridge, England and is the largest society at the University of Cambridge. Since its founding in 1815, the Union has developed a worldwide reputation as a noted symbol of...	Doug Cochran & Maria English
2010	University of Edinburgh University of Edinburgh The University of Edinburgh, founded in 1583, is a public research university located in Edinburgh, the capital of Scotland, and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The university is deeply embedded in the fabric of the city, with many of the buildings in the historic Old Town belonging to the university...	Paul Brown & Sebastian Osborn
2009	Oxford Union Oxford Union The Oxford Union Society, commonly referred to simply as the Oxford Union, is a debating society in the city of Oxford, Britain, whose membership is drawn primarily but not exclusively from the University of Oxford...	Jonathan Leader Maynard & Alex Worsnip
2008	Lincoln's Inn Lincoln's Inn The Honourable Society of Lincoln's Inn is one of four Inns of Court in London to which barristers of England and Wales belong and where they are called to the Bar. The other three are Middle Temple, Inner Temple and Gray's Inn. Although Lincoln's Inn is able to trace its official records beyond...	Usman Ahmed & Hannah Klein
2007	Cambridge Union Cambridge Union Society The Cambridge Union Society, commonly referred to as simply "the Cambridge Union" or "the Union," is a debating society in Cambridge, England and is the largest society at the University of Cambridge. Since its founding in 1815, the Union has developed a worldwide reputation as a noted symbol of...	Sam Block & Adam Bott
2006	King's Inns King's Inns The Honorable Society of King's Inns , is the institution which controls the entry of barristers-at-law into the justice system of Ireland...	Barry Glynn & Mark Murphy
2005	Lincoln's Inn Lincoln's Inn The Honourable Society of Lincoln's Inn is one of four Inns of Court in London to which barristers of England and Wales belong and where they are called to the Bar. The other three are Middle Temple, Inner Temple and Gray's Inn. Although Lincoln's Inn is able to trace its official records beyond...	Fiona Dewar & Sebastian Isaac
2004	Cambridge Union Cambridge Union Society The Cambridge Union Society, commonly referred to as simply "the Cambridge Union" or "the Union," is a debating society in Cambridge, England and is the largest society at the University of Cambridge. Since its founding in 1815, the Union has developed a worldwide reputation as a noted symbol of...	Harriet Jones-Fenleigh & Nicholas Tan
2003	University College Cork Law Society	Stephen Coutts & Cian Murphy
2002	Lincoln's Inn Lincoln's Inn The Honourable Society of Lincoln's Inn is one of four Inns of Court in London to which barristers of England and Wales belong and where they are called to the Bar. The other three are Middle Temple, Inner Temple and Gray's Inn. Although Lincoln's Inn is able to trace its official records beyond...	Dennis Kavanagh & George Payne
2001	University College Dublin Literary & Historical Society	Paul Brady & Colin Walsh
2000	Trinity College Dublin Philosophical Society University Philosophical Society (Trinity College, Dublin) The University Philosophical Society, commonly known as The Phil, is a student paper-reading and debating society in Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland. It is one of the two debating societies in the university...	Bob Cuffe & Fergal Davis
1999	University of Edinburgh University of Edinburgh The University of Edinburgh, founded in 1583, is a public research university located in Edinburgh, the capital of Scotland, and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The university is deeply embedded in the fabric of the city, with many of the buildings in the historic Old Town belonging to the university...	Andrew Jessop & Richard Wilkins
1998	University of Edinburgh University of Edinburgh The University of Edinburgh, founded in 1583, is a public research university located in Edinburgh, the capital of Scotland, and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The university is deeply embedded in the fabric of the city, with many of the buildings in the historic Old Town belonging to the university...	Ben Foss & Colm O'Cinneide
1997	Trinity College Dublin Philosophical Society University Philosophical Society (Trinity College, Dublin) The University Philosophical Society, commonly known as The Phil, is a student paper-reading and debating society in Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland. It is one of the two debating societies in the university...	Matthew Magee & Alex Massie Alex Massie (journalist) Alex Massie is a Scottish journalist. A former Washington correspondent for The Scotsman, he has also written for The Daily Telegraph, Scotland on Sunday, The New Republic, The Daily Beast, The Los Angeles Times, Foreign Policy, National Review Online, The Sunday Telegraph, The New York Times ,...
1996	University of Edinburgh University of Edinburgh The University of Edinburgh, founded in 1583, is a public research university located in Edinburgh, the capital of Scotland, and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The university is deeply embedded in the fabric of the city, with many of the buildings in the historic Old Town belonging to the university...	Bob Dalrymple & Stephen Magee
1995	Glasgow University Union Glasgow University Union Glasgow University Union is one of the largest and oldest students' unions in the UK, serving students and alumni of the University of Glasgow since 1885....	Manus Blessing & Duncan Hamilton
1994	Oxford Union Oxford Union The Oxford Union Society, commonly referred to simply as the Oxford Union, is a debating society in the city of Oxford, Britain, whose membership is drawn primarily but not exclusively from the University of Oxford...	Rufus Black & Rod Clayton
1993	Gray's Inn Gray's Inn The Honourable Society of Gray's Inn, commonly known as Gray's Inn, is one of the four Inns of Court in London. To be called to the Bar and practise as a barrister in England and Wales, an individual must belong to one of these Inns...	David Langwallner & Alan Maclean
1992	Glasgow University Union Glasgow University Union Glasgow University Union is one of the largest and oldest students' unions in the UK, serving students and alumni of the University of Glasgow since 1885....	Robin Marshall & Paul Sinclair
1991	Middle Temple Middle Temple The Honourable Society of the Middle Temple, commonly known as Middle Temple, is one of the four Inns of Court exclusively entitled to call their members to the English Bar as barristers; the others being the Inner Temple, Gray's Inn and Lincoln's Inn...	Jeremy Callman & Adam Deacock
1990	Glasgow University Union Glasgow University Union Glasgow University Union is one of the largest and oldest students' unions in the UK, serving students and alumni of the University of Glasgow since 1885....	Graeme Cleugh & Andrew Peterson
1989	Trinity College Dublin Historical Society College Historical Society (Trinity College, Dublin) The College Historical Society is one of two main debating societies at Trinity College, Dublin in Dublin, Ireland. It was established within the college in 1770, but traces its origins to the society founded by the philosopher Edmund Burke in Dublin in 1747...	Anthony Whelan & Malachy McAllister
1988	University College Cork Philosophical Society UCC Philosophical Society The UCC Philosophical Society, Commonly known as the Philosoph, is the largest debating society at University College Cork, Ireland. The Philosoph was founded in 1850, making it the oldest society at UCC...	Adrian Hunt & Tim Murphy
1987	Glasgow University Union Glasgow University Union Glasgow University Union is one of the largest and oldest students' unions in the UK, serving students and alumni of the University of Glasgow since 1885....	Jardine Simpson & John Fletcher
1986	King's Inns King's Inns The Honorable Society of King's Inns , is the institution which controls the entry of barristers-at-law into the justice system of Ireland...	Dermot Horgan & Damien Crawford
1985	Glasgow University Union Glasgow University Union Glasgow University Union is one of the largest and oldest students' unions in the UK, serving students and alumni of the University of Glasgow since 1885....	Michael McKirdy & Angus McIver
1984	University College Dublin Literary & Historical Society	Shane Murphy & Patrick Whyms
1983	Glasgow University Union Glasgow University Union Glasgow University Union is one of the largest and oldest students' unions in the UK, serving students and alumni of the University of Glasgow since 1885....	Michael Macfarlane & John Nicolson
1982	Glasgow University Union Glasgow University Union Glasgow University Union is one of the largest and oldest students' unions in the UK, serving students and alumni of the University of Glasgow since 1885....	Charles Kennedy Charles Kennedy Charles Peter Kennedy is a British Liberal Democrat politician, who led the Liberal Democrats from 9 August 1999 until 7 January 2006 and is currently a Member of Parliament for the Ross, Skye and Lochaber constituency.... & Clark McGinn
1981	Lincoln's Inn Lincoln's Inn The Honourable Society of Lincoln's Inn is one of four Inns of Court in London to which barristers of England and Wales belong and where they are called to the Bar. The other three are Middle Temple, Inner Temple and Gray's Inn. Although Lincoln's Inn is able to trace its official records beyond...	Oliver Wise & Anthony Trace
1980	Middle Temple Middle Temple The Honourable Society of the Middle Temple, commonly known as Middle Temple, is one of the four Inns of Court exclusively entitled to call their members to the English Bar as barristers; the others being the Inner Temple, Gray's Inn and Lincoln's Inn...	Nicholas Mostyn Nicholas Mostyn Sir Nicholas Anthony Joseph Ghislain Mostyn , styled The Hon. Mr Justice Mostyn, is a British High Court of Justice judge in the family division, and a former leading divorce lawyer.-Early life:... & John Lyons
1979	University College Dublin Law Society University College Dublin University College Dublin ) - formally known as University College Dublin - National University of Ireland, Dublin is the Republic of Ireland's largest, and Ireland's second largest, university, with over 1,300 faculty and 17,000 students...	Donal O'Donnell & Conor Gearty Conor Gearty Conor A. Gearty is the Rausling Professor of Human Rights Law and Director, Centre for the Study of Human Rights at the London School of Economics.-Background:...
1978	University College Dublin Law Society University College Dublin University College Dublin ) - formally known as University College Dublin - National University of Ireland, Dublin is the Republic of Ireland's largest, and Ireland's second largest, university, with over 1,300 faculty and 17,000 students...	Donal O'Donnell & Conor Gearty
1977	No tournament
1976	Inner Temple Inner Temple The Honourable Society of the Inner Temple, commonly known as Inner Temple, is one of the four Inns of Court in London. To be called to the Bar and practise as a barrister in England and Wales, an individual must belong to one of these Inns...	Oliver Ross & Martin Russell
1975	Inner Temple Inner Temple The Honourable Society of the Inner Temple, commonly known as Inner Temple, is one of the four Inns of Court in London. To be called to the Bar and practise as a barrister in England and Wales, an individual must belong to one of these Inns...	Ian Bullock & Edward Croff
1974	Glasgow University Union Glasgow University Union Glasgow University Union is one of the largest and oldest students' unions in the UK, serving students and alumni of the University of Glasgow since 1885....	Alistair Burrow & Martin MacLachlan
1973	Ealing College	Barrie Hawkins & Bob Meaton
1972	Glasgow University Union Glasgow University Union Glasgow University Union is one of the largest and oldest students' unions in the UK, serving students and alumni of the University of Glasgow since 1885....	Alan Gamble & Alistair Robertson
1971	Inner Temple Inner Temple The Honourable Society of the Inner Temple, commonly known as Inner Temple, is one of the four Inns of Court in London. To be called to the Bar and practise as a barrister in England and Wales, an individual must belong to one of these Inns...	John M Aspinall & Dennis M Singham
1970	University College Cardiff	John Crook & Nick Jenkins
1969	Cambridge Union Cambridge Union Society The Cambridge Union Society, commonly referred to as simply "the Cambridge Union" or "the Union," is a debating society in Cambridge, England and is the largest society at the University of Cambridge. Since its founding in 1815, the Union has developed a worldwide reputation as a noted symbol of...	Rajeev Dhavan & Nicholas Stadlen
1968	University of Strathclyde University of Strathclyde The University of Strathclyde , Glasgow, Scotland, is Glasgow's second university by age, founded in 1796, and receiving its Royal Charter in 1964 as the UK's first technological university...	John Hutchinson & Victor MacColl
1967	Glasgow University Union Glasgow University Union Glasgow University Union is one of the largest and oldest students' unions in the UK, serving students and alumni of the University of Glasgow since 1885....	Colin MacKay & Matthew McQueen
1966	Trinity College Dublin Historical Society College Historical Society (Trinity College, Dublin) The College Historical Society is one of two main debating societies at Trinity College, Dublin in Dublin, Ireland. It was established within the college in 1770, but traces its origins to the society founded by the philosopher Edmund Burke in Dublin in 1747...	David J McConnell & Cian Ó hÉigeartaigh
1965	University of Bristol University of Bristol The University of Bristol is a public research university located in Bristol, United Kingdom. One of the so-called "red brick" universities, it received its Royal Charter in 1909, although its predecessor institution, University College, Bristol, had been in existence since 1876.The University is...	Bob Marshall-Andrews Bob Marshall-Andrews Robert Graham Marshall-Andrews QC is a British Labour Party politician and barrister, who was the Member of Parliament for Medway from 1997 to 2010.-Early life:... & David Hunt
1964	University College Dublin Literary & Historical Society	Anthony Clare Anthony Clare Anthony Ward Clare was an Irish psychiatrist well known in the UK and Ireland as a presenter of radio and TV programmes.-Career:... & Patrick Cosgrave Patrick Cosgrave Patrick John Francis Cosgrave was an Anglophile Irish journalist and writer, and a staunch supporter of the British Conservative Party.-Early life and education:...
1963	Glasgow University Union Glasgow University Union Glasgow University Union is one of the largest and oldest students' unions in the UK, serving students and alumni of the University of Glasgow since 1885....	Donald Dewar Donald Dewar Donald Campbell Dewar was a British politician who served as a Labour Party Member of Parliament in Scotland from 1966-1970, and then again from 1978 until his death in 2000. He served in Tony Blair's cabinet as Secretary of State for Scotland from 1997-1999 and was instrumental in the creation... & Malcom MacKenzie
1962	Glasgow University Union Glasgow University Union Glasgow University Union is one of the largest and oldest students' unions in the UK, serving students and alumni of the University of Glasgow since 1885....	A Gordon Hunter & John Smith John Smith (UK politician) John Smith was a British Labour Party politician who served as Leader of the Labour Party from July 1992 until his sudden death from a heart attack in May 1994...
1961	University of Edinburgh University of Edinburgh The University of Edinburgh, founded in 1583, is a public research university located in Edinburgh, the capital of Scotland, and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The university is deeply embedded in the fabric of the city, with many of the buildings in the historic Old Town belonging to the university...	Russell Johnston & David Harcus
1960	University College Cardiff	Vincent Kane Vincent Kane Vincent Kane, OBE, is a Welsh broadcaster and writer, and the Chairman of the Wales Quality Centre, the International Festival of Musical Theatre and the Cardiff Initiative.... & Mary O'Neill
1959	University College Dublin Literary & Historical Society	Godfrey Agbim & Owen Dudley Edwards Owen Dudley Edwards Owen Dudley Edwards was born in Dublin, Ireland in July 1938. He is the son of Professor Robert Dudley Edwards and brother to the Irish writer, Ruth Dudley Edwards....
1958	Birkbeck College Birkbeck, University of London Birkbeck, University of London is a public research university located in London, United Kingdom and a constituent college of the federal University of London. It offers many Master's and Bachelor's degree programmes that can be studied either part-time or full-time, though nearly all teaching is...	Ernest C. Dalrymple-Alford & Fred Crawford
1957	Glasgow University Union Glasgow University Union Glasgow University Union is one of the largest and oldest students' unions in the UK, serving students and alumni of the University of Glasgow since 1885....	Ronald Anderson & James Gordon
1956	Glasgow University Union Glasgow University Union Glasgow University Union is one of the largest and oldest students' unions in the UK, serving students and alumni of the University of Glasgow since 1885....	Roger McCormick & J Scott Bernie
1955	Glasgow University Union Glasgow University Union Glasgow University Union is one of the largest and oldest students' unions in the UK, serving students and alumni of the University of Glasgow since 1885....	J Dickson Mabon Dickson Mabon Dr. Jesse Dickson "Dick" Mabon PC FRSA was a Scottish politician, physician and company director. He was the founder of The Manifesto Group of Labour MPs, an alliance of moderate MPs against the perceived leftward drift of the Labour Party in the 1970s. He was a Labour Co-operative MP until... & Andrew Kennedy
1954	Ruskin College	Tom Megahy & William McCarthy

Most victories

Glasgow University Union 15
University of Edinburgh 5
Cambridge Union 4
Lincoln's Inn 4
University College Dublin Literary & Historical Society 4
Inner Temple 3
Trinity College Dublin Philosophical Society 2
Trinity College Dublin Historical Society 2
Oxford Union 2
King's Inns 2
University College Dublin Law Society 2
Middle Temple 2
University College Cork Philosophical Society 1
University College Cork Law Society 1
Gray's Inn 1
University of Bristol 1
Ealing College 1
University College Cardiff 1
Birkbeck College 1
Ruskin College 1

English Mace

Year	University	Speakers
2011-12	Oxford Union Oxford Union The Oxford Union Society, commonly referred to simply as the Oxford Union, is a debating society in the city of Oxford, Britain, whose membership is drawn primarily but not exclusively from the University of Oxford...	Will Jones & Carin Hunt
2010-11	Cambridge Union	Doug Cochran & Maria English
2009-10	Cambridge Union	Doug Cochran & Uven Chong
2008-9	Oxford Union Oxford Union The Oxford Union Society, commonly referred to simply as the Oxford Union, is a debating society in the city of Oxford, Britain, whose membership is drawn primarily but not exclusively from the University of Oxford...	Jonathan Leader Maynard & Alex Worsnip
2007-8	Lincoln's Inn Lincoln's Inn The Honourable Society of Lincoln's Inn is one of four Inns of Court in London to which barristers of England and Wales belong and where they are called to the Bar. The other three are Middle Temple, Inner Temple and Gray's Inn. Although Lincoln's Inn is able to trace its official records beyond...	Usman Ahmed & Hannah Klein
2006-7	Cambridge Union Cambridge Union Society The Cambridge Union Society, commonly referred to as simply "the Cambridge Union" or "the Union," is a debating society in Cambridge, England and is the largest society at the University of Cambridge. Since its founding in 1815, the Union has developed a worldwide reputation as a noted symbol of...	Sam Block & Adam Bott
2005-6	Cambridge Union Cambridge Union Society The Cambridge Union Society, commonly referred to as simply "the Cambridge Union" or "the Union," is a debating society in Cambridge, England and is the largest society at the University of Cambridge. Since its founding in 1815, the Union has developed a worldwide reputation as a noted symbol of...	Nick Devlin & Alyson Thompson
2004-5	Lincoln's Inn Lincoln's Inn The Honourable Society of Lincoln's Inn is one of four Inns of Court in London to which barristers of England and Wales belong and where they are called to the Bar. The other three are Middle Temple, Inner Temple and Gray's Inn. Although Lincoln's Inn is able to trace its official records beyond...	Fiona Dewar & Sebastian Isaac
2003-4	Cambridge Union Cambridge Union Society The Cambridge Union Society, commonly referred to as simply "the Cambridge Union" or "the Union," is a debating society in Cambridge, England and is the largest society at the University of Cambridge. Since its founding in 1815, the Union has developed a worldwide reputation as a noted symbol of...	Harriet Jones-Fenleigh & Nicholas Tan
2002-3	Cambridge Union Cambridge Union Society The Cambridge Union Society, commonly referred to as simply "the Cambridge Union" or "the Union," is a debating society in Cambridge, England and is the largest society at the University of Cambridge. Since its founding in 1815, the Union has developed a worldwide reputation as a noted symbol of...	James Acton & Patrick Emerson
2001-2	Lincoln's Inn Lincoln's Inn The Honourable Society of Lincoln's Inn is one of four Inns of Court in London to which barristers of England and Wales belong and where they are called to the Bar. The other three are Middle Temple, Inner Temple and Gray's Inn. Although Lincoln's Inn is able to trace its official records beyond...	Dennis Kavanagh & George Payne

Irish Mace

Year	University	Speakers
2010-11	Trinity College Dublin Historical Society College Historical Society (Trinity College, Dublin) The College Historical Society is one of two main debating societies at Trinity College, Dublin in Dublin, Ireland. It was established within the college in 1770, but traces its origins to the society founded by the philosopher Edmund Burke in Dublin in 1747...	Niamh Ní Mhaoileoin & Huw Duffy
2009-10	Honorable Society of King's Inns	Eoghan Casey & Paddy Rooney
2008-9	Trinity College Dublin Historical Society College Historical Society (Trinity College, Dublin) The College Historical Society is one of two main debating societies at Trinity College, Dublin in Dublin, Ireland. It was established within the college in 1770, but traces its origins to the society founded by the philosopher Edmund Burke in Dublin in 1747...	Josephine Curry & Shane Farragher
2007-8	University College Dublin Law Society University College Dublin University College Dublin ) - formally known as University College Dublin - National University of Ireland, Dublin is the Republic of Ireland's largest, and Ireland's second largest, university, with over 1,300 faculty and 17,000 students...	Marguerite Carter & Ross McGuire
2006-7	University College Dublin Literary & Historical Society	Frank Kennedy & Noel McGrath
2005-6	King's Inns King's Inns The Honorable Society of King's Inns , is the institution which controls the entry of barristers-at-law into the justice system of Ireland...	Barry Glynn & Mark Murphy
2004-5	King's Inns King's Inns The Honorable Society of King's Inns , is the institution which controls the entry of barristers-at-law into the justice system of Ireland...	Leo Mulrooney & Rory Stains
2003-4	University College Dublin Law Society University College Dublin University College Dublin ) - formally known as University College Dublin - National University of Ireland, Dublin is the Republic of Ireland's largest, and Ireland's second largest, university, with over 1,300 faculty and 17,000 students...	Sam Collins & David Whelan
2002-3	University College Cork Law Society	Stephen Coutts & Cian Murphy
2001-2	Trinity College Dublin Historical Society College Historical Society (Trinity College, Dublin) The College Historical Society is one of two main debating societies at Trinity College, Dublin in Dublin, Ireland. It was established within the college in 1770, but traces its origins to the society founded by the philosopher Edmund Burke in Dublin in 1747...	Manus De Barra & Jim McElroy
2000-1	University College Dublin Literary & Historical Society	Paul Brady & Ian Walsh
1999–2000	Trinity College Dublin Philosophical Society University Philosophical Society (Trinity College, Dublin) The University Philosophical Society, commonly known as The Phil, is a student paper-reading and debating society in Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland. It is one of the two debating societies in the university...	Robert Cuffe & Fergal Davis
1998-9	Trinity College Dublin Philosophical Society University Philosophical Society (Trinity College, Dublin) The University Philosophical Society, commonly known as The Phil, is a student paper-reading and debating society in Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland. It is one of the two debating societies in the university...	Niall Boland & Colm O'Mongain
1997-8	Trinity College Dublin Historical Society College Historical Society (Trinity College, Dublin) The College Historical Society is one of two main debating societies at Trinity College, Dublin in Dublin, Ireland. It was established within the college in 1770, but traces its origins to the society founded by the philosopher Edmund Burke in Dublin in 1747...	Adrian Langan & Aoife Titley
1996-7	King's Inns King's Inns The Honorable Society of King's Inns , is the institution which controls the entry of barristers-at-law into the justice system of Ireland...	Paul McDermott & Colm O'Cinneide
1995-6	University College Galway Literary & Debating Society	Mary Cosgrove & Brian Hughes
1994-5	University College Dublin Literary & Historical Society	Marcus Dowling & Dara Ó Briain Dara Ó Briain Dara Ó Briain is an Irish stand-up comedian and television presenter, noted for hosting topical panel shows such as The Panel and Mock the Week....
1993-4	King's Inns King's Inns The Honorable Society of King's Inns , is the institution which controls the entry of barristers-at-law into the justice system of Ireland...	Kerida Naidoo & Newman
1992-3	University College Dublin Literary & Historical Society	Michael Hodgins & Mark Rafferty
1991-2	University College Dublin Literary & Historical Society	Michael Hodgins & Mark Rafferty

Scottish Mace

Year	University	Speakers
2010-11	University of Edinburgh University of Edinburgh The University of Edinburgh, founded in 1583, is a public research university located in Edinburgh, the capital of Scotland, and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The university is deeply embedded in the fabric of the city, with many of the buildings in the historic Old Town belonging to the university...	Benjamin Lau & Marlena Valles
2009-10	University of Edinburgh University of Edinburgh The University of Edinburgh, founded in 1583, is a public research university located in Edinburgh, the capital of Scotland, and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The university is deeply embedded in the fabric of the city, with many of the buildings in the historic Old Town belonging to the university...	Paul Brown & Sebastian Osborne
2008-9	University of St Andrews University of St Andrews The University of St Andrews, informally referred to as "St Andrews", is the oldest university in Scotland and the third oldest in the English-speaking world after Oxford and Cambridge. The university is situated in the town of St Andrews, Fife, on the east coast of Scotland. It was founded between...	Daniel Berman & Thomas Cahn
2007-8	University of St Andrews University of St Andrews The University of St Andrews, informally referred to as "St Andrews", is the oldest university in Scotland and the third oldest in the English-speaking world after Oxford and Cambridge. The university is situated in the town of St Andrews, Fife, on the east coast of Scotland. It was founded between...	Doug Cochran & Connie Grieve
2006-7	Glasgow University Union Glasgow University Union Glasgow University Union is one of the largest and oldest students' unions in the UK, serving students and alumni of the University of Glasgow since 1885....	David Adams & Claire Brown
2005-6	Glasgow University Union Glasgow University Union Glasgow University Union is one of the largest and oldest students' unions in the UK, serving students and alumni of the University of Glasgow since 1885....	David Adams & David Tait
2004-5	Glasgow University Union Glasgow University Union Glasgow University Union is one of the largest and oldest students' unions in the UK, serving students and alumni of the University of Glasgow since 1885....	Kenny Fleming & Niall Kennedy
2003-4	University of Edinburgh University of Edinburgh The University of Edinburgh, founded in 1583, is a public research university located in Edinburgh, the capital of Scotland, and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The university is deeply embedded in the fabric of the city, with many of the buildings in the historic Old Town belonging to the university...	Mark Dawson & Barney Ross
2002-3	Glasgow University Union Glasgow University Union Glasgow University Union is one of the largest and oldest students' unions in the UK, serving students and alumni of the University of Glasgow since 1885....	Claire Brown & Nick Van Jonker
2001-2	University of Edinburgh University of Edinburgh The University of Edinburgh, founded in 1583, is a public research university located in Edinburgh, the capital of Scotland, and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The university is deeply embedded in the fabric of the city, with many of the buildings in the historic Old Town belonging to the university...	Neill Harvey-Smith & Diana Tansley
2000-1	University of Aberdeen University of Aberdeen The University of Aberdeen, an ancient university founded in 1495, in Aberdeen, Scotland, is a British university. It is the third oldest university in Scotland, and the fifth oldest in the United Kingdom and wider English-speaking world...	Duncan Cockburn & Rami Okasha
1999–2000	University of Aberdeen University of Aberdeen The University of Aberdeen, an ancient university founded in 1495, in Aberdeen, Scotland, is a British university. It is the third oldest university in Scotland, and the fifth oldest in the United Kingdom and wider English-speaking world...	Duncan Cockburn & Rami Okasha
1998-9	University of Edinburgh University of Edinburgh The University of Edinburgh, founded in 1583, is a public research university located in Edinburgh, the capital of Scotland, and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The university is deeply embedded in the fabric of the city, with many of the buildings in the historic Old Town belonging to the university...	Andrew Jessop & Richard Wilkins
1997-8	University of Edinburgh University of Edinburgh The University of Edinburgh, founded in 1583, is a public research university located in Edinburgh, the capital of Scotland, and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The university is deeply embedded in the fabric of the city, with many of the buildings in the historic Old Town belonging to the university...	Ben Foss & Colm O'Cinneide
1996-7	Glasgow University Union Glasgow University Union Glasgow University Union is one of the largest and oldest students' unions in the UK, serving students and alumni of the University of Glasgow since 1885....	Chris Elliott & Alan Horn
1995-6	University of Edinburgh University of Edinburgh The University of Edinburgh, founded in 1583, is a public research university located in Edinburgh, the capital of Scotland, and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The university is deeply embedded in the fabric of the city, with many of the buildings in the historic Old Town belonging to the university...	Bob Dalrymple & Stephen Magee
1994-5	Glasgow University Union Glasgow University Union Glasgow University Union is one of the largest and oldest students' unions in the UK, serving students and alumni of the University of Glasgow since 1885....	Manus Blessing & Duncan Hamilton (politician) Duncan Hamilton (politician) Duncan Hamilton is a Scottish lawyer and politician. He was a Scottish National Party Member of the Scottish Parliament for Highlands and Islands region from 1999 to 2003.He writes a column for The Scotsman newspaper.-Education:...
1993-4	University of Strathclyde University of Strathclyde The University of Strathclyde , Glasgow, Scotland, is Glasgow's second university by age, founded in 1796, and receiving its Royal Charter in 1964 as the UK's first technological university...	Jim Begley & Keys
1992-3	University of Strathclyde University of Strathclyde The University of Strathclyde , Glasgow, Scotland, is Glasgow's second university by age, founded in 1796, and receiving its Royal Charter in 1964 as the UK's first technological university...	Brolls & Tommy Tonner

Welsh Mace

Year	University	Speakers	Associated Articles
2010-11	Cardiff University Cardiff University Cardiff University is a leading research university located in the Cathays Park area of Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom. It received its Royal charter in 1883 and is a member of the Russell Group of Universities. The university is consistently recognised as providing high quality research-based...	Victoria Jones & Kirsty Logan
2009-10	Glamorgan University	Solomon Judd & Adam Jivraj
2008-9	Cardiff University Cardiff University Cardiff University is a leading research university located in the Cathays Park area of Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom. It received its Royal charter in 1883 and is a member of the Russell Group of Universities. The university is consistently recognised as providing high quality research-based...	Matthew Clarke & Craig Sutherland
2007-8	Aberystwyth Debating Union	David Jones & Holly Tomlinson
2006-7	Cardiff University Cardiff University Cardiff University is a leading research university located in the Cathays Park area of Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom. It received its Royal charter in 1883 and is a member of the Russell Group of Universities. The university is consistently recognised as providing high quality research-based...	Matthew Clarke & Ben Lloyd
2005-6	Cardiff University Cardiff University Cardiff University is a leading research university located in the Cathays Park area of Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom. It received its Royal charter in 1883 and is a member of the Russell Group of Universities. The university is consistently recognised as providing high quality research-based...	David Steele & Lowri Rees
2004-5	Cardiff University Cardiff University Cardiff University is a leading research university located in the Cathays Park area of Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom. It received its Royal charter in 1883 and is a member of the Russell Group of Universities. The university is consistently recognised as providing high quality research-based...	Chantal Du Toit & Kate Kopajova
2003-4	Cardiff University Cardiff University Cardiff University is a leading research university located in the Cathays Park area of Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom. It received its Royal charter in 1883 and is a member of the Russell Group of Universities. The university is consistently recognised as providing high quality research-based...	Helen Jarman & Amy Thomas
2002-3	Cardiff University Cardiff University Cardiff University is a leading research university located in the Cathays Park area of Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom. It received its Royal charter in 1883 and is a member of the Russell Group of Universities. The university is consistently recognised as providing high quality research-based...	Helen Jarman & Amy Thomas
2001-2	Swansea University Swansea University Swansea University is a university located in Swansea, Wales, United Kingdom. Swansea University was chartered as University College of Swansea in 1920, as the fourth college of the University of Wales. In 1996, it changed its name to the University of Wales Swansea following structural changes...	Bethan Thomas & Mike Scott	Danny Dorling Danny Dorling Daniel Dorling, frequently referred to as Danny Dorling, is Professor of Human Geography at the University of Sheffield. He is also a Professor at University of Canterbury and in the Department of Social Medicine of the University of Bristol.-Biography:...

England & Wales Mace

Prior to the 2001-2 academic year, England and Wales held a combined qualifying tournament for the International Final of the Mace. At the time, the winners of the Irish, Scottish and English/Welsh tournaments qualified for the International Final automatically, while runners-up from the events qualified for a repechage

Repechage

Repechage is a practice amongst ladder competitions that allows participants that failed to meet qualifying standards by a small margin to continue to the next round.- Types of repechage :...

debate which determined the fourth team in the International Final. After the 2000-1 academic year, England and Wales began holding separate qualifying tournaments and the repechage was abolished.

Year	University	Speakers	Associated Articles
2000-1	Cambridge Union Cambridge Union Society The Cambridge Union Society, commonly referred to as simply "the Cambridge Union" or "the Union," is a debating society in Cambridge, England and is the largest society at the University of Cambridge. Since its founding in 1815, the Union has developed a worldwide reputation as a noted symbol of...	Kirsteen Macleod & Debbie Newman
1999–2000	University of London Union University of London Union The University of London Union is the university-wide students' union for the University of London...	Daragh Grant & James Probert
1998-9	University of Leeds University of Leeds The University of Leeds is a British Redbrick university located in the city of Leeds, West Yorkshire, England...	Fergal Davis & Neill Harvey-Smith	World Universities Debating Championship World Universities Debating Championship The World Universities Debating Championship is the world's largest debating tournament, and one of the largest annual international student events in the world. It is a parliamentary debating event, held using the British Parliamentary Debate format. Each year, the event is hosted by a university...
1997-8	Inner Temple Inner Temple The Honourable Society of the Inner Temple, commonly known as Inner Temple, is one of the four Inns of Court in London. To be called to the Bar and practise as a barrister in England and Wales, an individual must belong to one of these Inns...	Jody Beveridge & John Madden	University of St Andrews Union Debating Society University of St Andrews Union Debating Society The University of St Andrews Union Debating Society is a student debating society at the University of St Andrews in Scotland.-Creation and early history:... Candidates of the New South Wales state election, 2011 Candidates of the New South Wales state election, 2011 This article provides details on candidates for the 2011 New South Wales election which was held on 26 March 2011.-Labor :* Marie Andrews * John Aquilina * Diane Beamer * David Campbell * Barry Collier...
1996-7	Gray's Inn Gray's Inn The Honourable Society of Gray's Inn, commonly known as Gray's Inn, is one of the four Inns of Court in London. To be called to the Bar and practise as a barrister in England and Wales, an individual must belong to one of these Inns...	Jon Adkin & Neil Sheldon	Death of Jeremiah Duggan
1995-6	City University City University, London City University London , is a public research university located in London, United Kingdom. It was founded in 1894 as the Northampton Institute and became a university in 1966, when it adopted its present name....	Jon Adkin & Jon Hough
1994-5	Cambridge Union Cambridge Union Society The Cambridge Union Society, commonly referred to as simply "the Cambridge Union" or "the Union," is a debating society in Cambridge, England and is the largest society at the University of Cambridge. Since its founding in 1815, the Union has developed a worldwide reputation as a noted symbol of...	Kelly Rees & Trevor Sather Trevor Sather Trevor Sather is a British film-writer and actor.Along with Sacha Tarter, Sather co-wrote and co-starred in the 2006 British movie The Gigolos, directed by Richard Bracewell. Sather played the 'gent' to Tarter's 'player' in the movie about a fantasy world of London gigolos and their clients...	World Schools Debating Championships World Schools Debating Championships The World Schools Debating Championships is an annual English-language debating tournament for high school-level teams representing different countries.In recent years, the championships have involved teams from over 40 nations each year.-History:...
1993-4	Oxford Union Oxford Union The Oxford Union Society, commonly referred to simply as the Oxford Union, is a debating society in the city of Oxford, Britain, whose membership is drawn primarily but not exclusively from the University of Oxford...	Rufus Black & Rod Clayton
1992-3	Gray's Inn Gray's Inn The Honourable Society of Gray's Inn, commonly known as Gray's Inn, is one of the four Inns of Court in London. To be called to the Bar and practise as a barrister in England and Wales, an individual must belong to one of these Inns...	David Langwallner & Alan Maclean	Griffith College Dublin Griffith College Dublin Griffith College Dublin is a private third level college in the Republic of Ireland. It is based in and named after the former Griffith Barracks on the South Circular Road in Dublin. It offers courses accredited by a number of institutions and bodies in Ireland and Britain...

External links

The source of this article is wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.