Jhang District
Encyclopedia
Jhang District is a district
Districts of Pakistan
The Districts of Pakistan are the second order administrative divisions of Pakistan. Districts were the third order of administrative divisions, below provinces and "divisions", until the reforms of August 2000, when "divisions" were abolished...

 of the Punjab
Punjab (Pakistan)
Punjab is the most populous province of Pakistan, with approximately 45% of the country's total population. Forming most of the Punjab region, the province is bordered by Kashmir to the north-east, the Indian states of Punjab and Rajasthan to the east, the Pakistani province of Sindh to the...

 province of Pakistan
Pakistan
Pakistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan is a sovereign state in South Asia. It has a coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by Afghanistan and Iran in the west, India in the east and China in the far northeast. In the north, Tajikistan...

. The city of Jhang
Jhang
- Demographics :According to 1981 census of Pakistan population of Jhang was 1,970,944 with the 434,495 housing units in Jhang. In 1998 census, population of Jhang was 2,834,545, whose annually growth rate was 2.16%. Male population was 1,474,099 and female population was 1,360,446...

 is the district's capital. According to the 1998 census of Pakistan, the district's population was 2.8 million, of which 23 percent lived in urban areas. By 2008, according to estimates, the population had risen to 3.5 million. The native language is Punjabi
Punjabi language
Punjabi is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by inhabitants of the historical Punjab region . For Sikhs, the Punjabi language stands as the official language in which all ceremonies take place. In Pakistan, Punjabi is the most widely spoken language...

, though Urdu
Urdu
Urdu is a register of the Hindustani language that is identified with Muslims in South Asia. It belongs to the Indo-European family. Urdu is the national language and lingua franca of Pakistan. It is also widely spoken in some regions of India, where it is one of the 22 scheduled languages and an...

 is also spoken in educational institutions.

Location and geography

Jhang is one of the oldest districts on the subcontinent, having been established around 2,000 BC, when it was known as Jhagi Sial. Jhang is bordered by Sargodha District
Sargodha District
Sargodha District is a district of Punjab province, Pakistan, the capital of the district is Sargodha. It is an agricultural district, wheat, rice, and sugarcane being its main crops. The Sargodha district and region are also famous for citrus fruit; kino is a newly developed variety...

 to the north, Gujranwala District
Gujranwala District
Gujranwala District is a district in Punjab, Pakistan.- History :The village of Asarur which has been identified as the location of Taki, an ancient town, visited by the Chinese pilgrim Hiuen Tsiang contains immense ruins of Buddhist origin...

 to the northeast, Faisalabad District
Faisalabad District
Faisalabad District is one of the districts of Punjab province, Pakistan. According to the 1998 census of Pakistan it had a population of 5,429,547 of which almost 42% were in Faisalabad City....

 and Toba Tek Singh District to the east, Khanewal
Khanewal
Khanewal is the capital city of Khanewal District in the Punjab province of Pakistan. It is notable for being the host city to the second largest train station in Pakistan. Khanewal is located at 30°18'0N 71°56'0E with an altitude of 128 metres and is named after the earliest settlers here who...

 and Muzaffargarh District
Muzaffargarh District
Muzaffargarh is a district in the south of the Punjab province of Pakistan. It is part of Saraiki Waseb. It is spread over an area of 8,249 km². Muzaffargarh District lies in the strip between the rivers Chenab and Indus, which pass along the Eastern and Western boundaries respectively of...

 to the south, Leiah District and Bhakkar District
Bhakkar District
Bhakkar is a District in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The district was created in 1981 with Bhakkar city as the capital. It is located between 31° 10' and 32° 22' N. and 70° 47' and 72° E. with an area of , most of it lies in the desolate plain of the Thal, but the Kachhi or strip of...

 to the west, and Khushab District
Khushab District
Khushab District is a rural tribal district located in Punjab, Pakistan. According to the 1998 census, the population was 905,711 with 24.76% living in urban areas. The district consists of 3 tehsils: Khushab, Nurpur, and Quaidabad, as well as a sub-tehsil Naushera...

 to the northwest.

The district comprises three administrative units, called Tehsils: jhang, Shorkot
Shorkot Tehsil
Shorkot is a subdivision of Jhang District in the Punjab province of Pakistan. It is subdivided into 16 Union Councils. The city of Shorkot is the headquarters of the tehsil.-Politics:The Tehsil Nazim of Shorkot is Mian Madhu Lal Hussain...

, and Ahmad Pur Sial
Ahmedpur Sial Tehsil
Ahmedpur Sial is a subdivision of Jhang District in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The tehsil used to be part of Shorkot, but Ahmedpur Sial then became a tehsil in its own right....

.

Jhang District covers 8,809 km². Almost all the area is cultivatable land except in the north near Rabwah
Rabwah
Rabwah is a private city in the Chiniot District of Punjab Province, Pakistan located on the Chenab River near the historic city of Chiniot...

 and Chenab Nagar where the land turns rocky as it approaches the Kirana hills. The western portion of the district holds the Thal Desert
Thal Desert
The Thal desert is situated in Punjab, Pakistan. It is vast area mainly between the Jhelum and Sindh rivers near the Pothohar Plateau. Its total length from north to south is 190 miles, and its maximum breadth is while minimum breadth is 20 miles. This region is divided into the districts of...

, which starts in Mari Shah Sakhira
Mari Shah Sakhira
Mari Shah Sakhira is a town of Jhang District in the Punjab province of Pakistan. It is situated at right bank of river Jhelum in Thal Desert, some 85 kilometres from Khushab and 92 kilometres from Jhang. It has a population of over twenty thousand. The main tribes of this town are Sayed,Bharoka,...

 and extends to banks of the Jhelum River
Jhelum River
Jehlum River or Jhelum River , ) is a river that flows in India and Pakistan. It is the largest and most western of the five rivers of Punjab, and passes through Jhelum District...

 far to the west in the districts of Khushab
Khushab
Khushab is a city of Khushab District in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The city serves as the headquarters of Khushab Tehsil an administrative subdivision of the district....

 and Bhakkar
Bhakkar
Bhakkar is the principal city of Bhakkar District, Punjab, Pakistan. It lies on the left bank of the Indus river. It has a population of almost 300,000 and was given status of district in 1981.-Administration:...

. There is also an area known as the Sandal Bar
Sandal Bar
The Sandal Bar is a region between the rivers Chenab and Ravi in Punjab, Pakistan. It is located in the Rechna Doab. It spreads over almost 80 km in width and 40 km in length . "Bar", in the local language, means a forested area where there are no resources for cultivation, like water...

 arising from Pabbarwala near the Gujranwala
Gujranwala
Gujranwala is a industrial city in the north-east of the Punjab province. It is the sixth largest city in Pakistan with a population of approximately 2,661,360 as on 24 June 2011...

 boundary. "Bar", in the local language, means a forested area where there are no resources for cultivation, like water. This area used to be forested and was unable to be cultivated before British colonial rule, when a canal system was installed near the town of Lyallpur (now Faisalabad
Faisalabad
Faisalabad , formerly known as Lyallpur, is the third largest metropolis in Pakistan, the second largest in the province of Punjab after Lahore, and a major industrial center in the heart of Pakistan. Before the foundation of the city in 1880, the area was very thinly populated. The population has...

), which is now the textile industry hub of Pakistan. Between the rivers Jhelum and Chenab is also a small area of Kirana bar, ending at Ghoriwala
Ghoriwala
Ghoriwala is a town and union council in Bannu District of Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa. It is located at 32°54'20N 70°43'40E and has an altitude of 295 metres ....

 village. The area alongside the banks of rivers Ravi
Ravi River
The Ravi is a trans-boundary river flowing through Northwestern India and eastern Pakistan. It is one of the six rivers of the Indus System in Punjab region ....

, Chenab and Jhelum is called Hitthar (area in which flood water reaches), while the upland area between the bars and Hitthar is called Utar.

Climate and flora

The climate is hot and dry in the summer and cold and dry in winter. The surface of the district presents three distinct levels (Thal's sand dunes on the extreme west, a low lying river valley in the centre and the Sandal Bar on the extreme east). The rivers of Jhelum and Chanab make their way through the district and Trimmu Head-works is the point of their confluence. Mari Shah Sakhira, a big town in the Thal Desert, is the district's hottest area, sometimes exceeding 50 C in June and July.

The district's trees consist of jand (Prosopis spicigera), karir (Capparis aphylla), beri (Zizyphus jujuba), van (Salvadora oleoides), kikar (Acacia nilotica
Acacia nilotica
Acacia nilotica is a species of Acacia native to Africa and the Indian subcontinent...

), shisham (Dalbergia sissoo
Dalbergia sissoo
Dalbergia sissoo, known as Shisham, is an erect deciduous tree, native to the Indian Subcontinent. It is also called sissoo, sisu, sheesham, tahli and sometimes referred to as Indian Rosewood. It is state tree of Punjab state and provincial tree of Punjab province...

) and aak (Calotropois spp). Various herbs can also be found, including harmal, akrey and bathoo.

Culture and religion

Punjabi folk dances such as Jhummar and Sammi originated in Jhang District. Jhummar is a dance for men while Sammi is for women. The district also originated a well-known form of folk music known as "Dhola", or "Jhang da Dhola".

Traditionally men wear turban
Turban
In English, Turban refers to several types of headwear popularly worn in the Middle East, North Africa, Punjab, Jamaica and Southwest Asia. A commonly used synonym is Pagri, the Indian word for turban.-Styles:...

s and dhoti
Dhoti
The dhoti or pancha is the traditional men's garment in the in India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. A similar garment is worn in some rural areas of Punjab province in Pakistan, but the use is fast declining...

s (similar to a skirt or kilt) though in recent years people have started wearing the national dress, the shalwar kameez
Shalwar kameez
Shalwar kameez — or salwar kameez or shalwar qameez — is a traditional dress worn by both women and men in South Asia and Central Asia. Shalwar or salwar are loose pajama-like trousers. The legs are wide at the top, and narrow at the ankle. The kameez is a long shirt or tunic...

. Some older women also wear dhotis. When women wear dhotis, the style is referred to called "Majhla" in Jhangochi
Jhangochi
Jhangochi is the oldest and most conservative dialect of the Punjabi language. Jaangli,Jhangvi,Chenavri,Changvi and Rachnavi are alternate names of this dialect. It is spoken throughout a widespread area, starting from Khanewal and Jhang at both ends of Ravi River and Chenab River to Gujranwala...

; th male style is called "Dhudder". However, it is more common for women to wear shalwar kameez.

Street sports are important in Jhang District and include tent pegging (naiza baazi), kabaddi
Kabaddi
Kabaddi is a South Asian team sport...

, volleyball, cricket and football (soccer).

In the past, women wove cloth with spinning wheels – known as Teeyan and Trinjan – but now that the area is industrialized the practice is no longer common.

The northwestern Jhang District, particularly the area at the west bank of the Jhelum River, is somewhat different in its culture because it is more influenced by the Thalochi culture emanating from the neighboring districts of Mianwali and Bhakkar .

Jhang District has dominant Muslim
Muslim
A Muslim, also spelled Moslem, is an adherent of Islam, a monotheistic, Abrahamic religion based on the Quran, which Muslims consider the verbatim word of God as revealed to prophet Muhammad. "Muslim" is the Arabic term for "submitter" .Muslims believe that God is one and incomparable...

 population(both Shia and Sunni) and a small number of Ahmadiyya. There is a sizable Christian
Christian
A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, an Abrahamic, monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth as recorded in the Canonical gospels and the letters of the New Testament...

 minority also.

Tribes

The main tribes and castes of the district include:The main caste Sial and Maken is explained in the book "History of Jhang".
  • Dwana Sial
  • Maken
  • Janjua
  • Baliana sial
  • Pithorana Sial
  • Kalyar
  • Odd Rajput
  • Gagrana Sial
  • Purbana Sial
  • malkana sial
  • Lakhnana Sial
  • Alyana Sial
  • Jalal khanana sial
  • Ramana Sial
  • Jatyana Sial
  • Ladhyana Sial
  • salyana sial
  • kaloana sial
  • Bharwana Sial
  • Alikhanana sial
  • Janjyana sial
  • Baliana sial
  • Marali
  • Jatyana sial
  • Bhujwana sial
  • Rujbana sial
  • Vighlana sial
  • Bhabrana si
  • Baali sial
  • Sargana sial
  • Sadhana sial
  • Mighiana sial
  • Ghumnana sial
  • Baliana Sial
  • Hassam
  • Samore
  • Thaheem
    Thaheem
    The Thaheem are a Sindhi tribe of Arab origin found in Sindh and Punjab provinces of Pakistan.- Origin :...

  • Mohal
  • Bhatti
  • Bhangu
    Bhangu
    Bhangu, Bhangoo, or Bhango is a Jat gotra or clan mainly found in the Punjab state of North India, Sindh and Punjab province of Pakistan.-History:...

  • Purnaya
  • Chadhar
    Chadhar
    Chadhar is a Punjabi tribe in India and Pakistan. They are both Rajputs and Jats, and are Aryan.This caste should not be confused with another Indian caste spelled similarly, which is found in Madhya Pardesh India and is amongst one of the Indian Scheduled Caste...

  • Haral
  • Nissowana
  • Ghenjera
  • Lak
  • Fatyana
  • Sipra
    Sipra
    Sipra is a Rajput tribe in the Punjab region of Pakistan and India. Sipra are one of the most educated and well established families among other Jat casts.- History :...

  • Sheikh
    Sheikh
    Not to be confused with sikhSheikh — also spelled Sheik or Shaikh, or transliterated as Shaykh — is an honorific in the Arabic language that literally means "elder" and carries the meaning "leader and/or governor"...

  • Syed
    Syed
    Syed is a masculine given name derived from the title Sayyid, it is not to be confused with the similar looking name Sayid...

  • Sahmal
  • Qureshi
  • Gujjar
    Gujjar
    The Gurjar are an ethnic group in India, Pakistan and Afghanistan. Alternative spellings include Gurjara, Gujar, Gurjjara and Gūrjara. The spelling Gurjara or Gurjar is preferable to the rest....

  • Rajput
    Rajput
    A Rajput is a member of one of the patrilineal clans of western, central, northern India and in some parts of Pakistan. Rajputs are descendants of one of the major ruling warrior classes in the Indian subcontinent, particularly North India...

  • Jatts
  • Dab
    Dab (tribe)
    The Dab are a Jat clan, found in the Punjab province of India and Pakistan.-History and origin:The Dab are a small clan of pastoral Jatts, who have always resided in the Chenab Jhelum Doab. The Dab claim descent from Dab, who was said to be a Suryavanshi Rajput.The Dab surname is also found among...

  • Jabboana
    Jabboana
    Jabboana is a town of Jhang District in the Punjab province of Pakistan, near the bank of the Jhelum River. It is named after Jabboana, a sub-clan of Sial tribe, who are affiliated with agriculture and politics of the area....

  • Aheer
    Aheer
    Aheer is a Jat tribe found mainly in the western districts of Punjab and Sindh in Pakistan. -History and origin:The tribe is also known as Heer or Purewal depending on the dialect of the speaker. Those that tend to speak dialects of Lahanda, such as Seraiki or Pothari tend to refer to themselves...

  • Arain
    Arain
    The Arain , are a Muslim agricultural caste settled mainly in the Punjab, with significant numbers also in Sindh. They are chiefly associated with farming, traditionally being landlords or zamindars.- Origin :...

  • Awan
    Awan (Pakistan)
    Awan , is a South Asian Zamindar tribe, putatively of Arab origin, living predominantly in northern, central, and western parts of Punjab, Pakistan...

  • Baloch
    Baloch people
    The Baloch or Baluch are an ethnic group that belong to the larger Iranian peoples. Baluch people mainly inhabit the Balochistan region and Sistan and Baluchestan Province in the southeast corner of the Iranian plateau in Western Asia....

  • Chela
    Chela
    Chela has two main meanings. One derivation comes from Hindi from Sanskrit , meaning "slave" or "servant". In English, the word means a religious student or disciple...

  • Bhatti
  • Kohja
    Kohja
    The Kohja or Kauja are Jat gotra , now found mainly in Jhang and Faisalabad districts, of Punjab, Pakistan.- History and origin :The Kauja were originally settled in Jalandhar District, in what is now Punjab, India...

     Jat
  • Chadhar
    Chadhar
    Chadhar is a Punjabi tribe in India and Pakistan. They are both Rajputs and Jats, and are Aryan.This caste should not be confused with another Indian caste spelled similarly, which is found in Madhya Pardesh India and is amongst one of the Indian Scheduled Caste...

  • Dhudhi
    Dhudhi
    The Dhudi are a tribe of Panhwar, Panwar, Parmar Rajput origin, found in the Punjab province of Pakistan. According to the 1931 census of India they had a population of 5,800....

  • Gilotar
  • Gujjar
    Gujjar
    The Gurjar are an ethnic group in India, Pakistan and Afghanistan. Alternative spellings include Gurjara, Gujar, Gurjjara and Gūrjara. The spelling Gurjara or Gurjar is preferable to the rest....

  • Haral
  • Randhawa
    Randhawa
    The Randhawas are jatt clans.Randhawa , is one of the many last names of Jat/Jatt warrior clans that played an important historical role in South Asian history.-History:...

  • Jhandir
    Jhandir
    The Jhandir are a tribe of Qureshis, found in the Punjab province of Pakistan.-History and origin:The tribe claims to be Qureshi Arabs, and say that their name is derived from meaning the one who carries the flag in war...

  • Tajra
  • Kathia
    Kathia
    The Kathia are a rajput Muslim tribe, found in Punjab, Pakistan. According to the Census of India 1931, their male population numbered 1,600.-Locality:...

  • Khokhar
    Khokhar
    The Khokhar or Khokar are a people of Punjab region of Pakistan and north-western India. According to H. A. Rose they are the gotra of Rajput, Jat, Arain, Nai, and Churah. According to Denzil Ibbetson, they are also a gotra of the Tarkhan and Khatri tribes. The Khokhars were designated as an...

  • Lali
    Lali
    A lali is a Fijian drum. It was an important part of traditional Fijian culture, used as a form of communication to announce births, deaths and wars. A smaller form of the lali drum is used in music.It is also an idiophone and a membranophone. Lali drums are now used to call the people of an area...

  • Qazi
  • Khokhar
    Khokhar
    The Khokhar or Khokar are a people of Punjab region of Pakistan and north-western India. According to H. A. Rose they are the gotra of Rajput, Jat, Arain, Nai, and Churah. According to Denzil Ibbetson, they are also a gotra of the Tarkhan and Khatri tribes. The Khokhars were designated as an...

  • Nekokara
  • Mahra
    Mahra (clan)
    The Mahra are a Jat clan, found in the Punjab province of Pakistan.-History and origin:According to their traditions, they were originally Mughal, and settled near Delhi. Abour about 10 or 12 generations ago, the whole tribe was exterminated with the exception of a boy who was found lying among the...

  • Marral
    Marral
    The Marral or Maral are a Muslim tribe of Rajput found throughout southern part of the Punjab, Pakistan province of Pakistan.- History & Origins :...

  • Naswana
    Naswana
    Nissoana or Nissowana or Naswana are a Jat clan.They hold the northern corner of Chiniot District, and extend into the neighbouring parts of Sargodha Tehsil.- History :...

  • Pathan
    Pashtun people
    Pashtuns or Pathans , also known as ethnic Afghans , are an Eastern Iranic ethnic group with populations primarily between the Hindu Kush mountains in Afghanistan and the Indus River in Pakistan...

  • Nauls
    Nauls
    The Naul is a tribe mostly native to Rajistan INDIA and Punjab Pakistan.In India and SINDH, NAUL is pronunced as NAWAL which is Hindi synonym....

  • Qureshi
  • Sangra
    Sangra
    Sangra is a Muslim Rajput tribe found in Punjab, Pakistan.The tribe claims descent from Sangra, a Bhatti Rajput from Bikaner, in what is now Rajasthan, India. In the 14 Century, the tribe migrated from Rajasthan and settled in Kathala, the ruins of which near Tibba Tanwi-Wala, near Bahwalpur, in...

  • Harya
  • Sipra
    Sipra
    Sipra is a Rajput tribe in the Punjab region of Pakistan and India. Sipra are one of the most educated and well established families among other Jat casts.- History :...

  • Nalere
    Nalere
    The Nalere are a clan of the Chadhar tribe, found in the province of Punjab, in Pakistan.- Classification:There are three main branches of Lalere :1- Fataili2- Ramali3- MirjaneNow,a little explain of every branch1- Fataili...

  • vaince
  • Chela
    Chela
    Chela has two main meanings. One derivation comes from Hindi from Sanskrit , meaning "slave" or "servant". In English, the word means a religious student or disciple...

  • Bughlaira Khokhar
  • Dogar
    Dogar
    Dogar is a Muslim, Punjabi tribe in the Punjab region of Pakistan. It is also used as a family name in Turkey and Northern Iraq among some Kurds and Turks.-Ethnography:...

  • Qutab Shahi
  • Naroo mahir
  • kasra
  • Lang
    Lang
    Lang may refer to:*Lang * "Langue" was Ferdinand de Saussure's term for what in contemporary linguistics is referred to as "competency " or "I-language" , referring to an idea of an internal cognitive "language" as distinct from surface forms —natural spoken language.-Places:Antarctica*Lang...


Notable personalities

  • Abdus Salam
    Abdus Salam
    Mohammad Abdus Salam, NI, SPk Mohammad Abdus Salam, NI, SPk Mohammad Abdus Salam, NI, SPk (Urdu: محمد عبد السلام, pronounced , (January 29, 1926– November 21, 1996) was a Pakistani theoretical physicist and Nobel laureate in Physics for his work on the electroweak unification of the...

     (Nobel Prize)
  • Aleem Dar
    Aleem Dar
    Aleem Sarwar Dar is a retired Pakistani first-class cricketer and a member of the ICC Elite umpire panel. He won three consecutive ICC Umpire of the Year awards 2009, 2010 and 2011, after being nominated twice in 2005 and 2006. Aleem Dar and Simon Taufel are the only umpires to have received the...

     (Cricket Umpire)
  • Abida Hussain
  • Sheikh Waqas Akram
    Sheikh Waqas Akram
    Sheikh Waqas Akram Sheikh Waqas Akram Sheikh Waqas Akram (Sheikh Waqas Akram (Sheikh Waqas Akram (born 26 August 1974) is a Pakistani politician and a Member of National Assembly of Pakistan from Jhang, Pakistan. He stood in election two times in constituency no. NA-89 Jhang-IV and succeeded both...

     (State Minister Human Resources)

Tomb

Jhang District is home to the tomb of the heroine of a famous love story, Heer Ranjha
Heer Ranjha
For 1970 Hindi movie of same name and characters, see Heer Raanjha.Heer Ranjha is one of the four popular tragic romances of the Punjab. The other three are Mirza Sahiba, Sassi Punnun and Sohni Mahiwal. There are several poetic narrations of the story, the most famous being 'Heer' by Waris Shah...

. Heer's tomb lies just north of Jhang on the way to Faisalabad
Faisalabad
Faisalabad , formerly known as Lyallpur, is the third largest metropolis in Pakistan, the second largest in the province of Punjab after Lahore, and a major industrial center in the heart of Pakistan. Before the foundation of the city in 1880, the area was very thinly populated. The population has...

. An annual fair is held at her tomb.
Darbar Hazrat Peer Fateh Ashab in Mouaza Vighlana 8 km away from Jhang Saddar on Bhakar road.
Darbar Sultan Bahu
Darbar Rodu Sultan
Darbar Pir syed abdulqadir Gillani pir kot sadhana
  • Allied Group of Schools Jhang
  • Govt. Post Graduate College Jhang
  • Chenab College, Jhang
    Chenab College, Jhang
    Chenab College in Jhang, Pakistan was established in 1991 which provides education and discipline. The college is situated 12 kilometers from the city...

  • Lahore College for Women University
    Lahore College for Women University
    Lahore College for Women University is an independent women's university in Lahore, Pakistan, founded as a women's college in 1922. One of the oldest female institutions of Pakistan, the university has approximately 7,000 students and a teaching faculty of more than 330. It admits students at the...

  • Faran college jhang
  • College of veterinary sciences(CVAS)
  • Punjab College of,Jhang
  • Govt. College of Commerce, jhang
  • Islamia College of Commerce, Jhang
  • City School, Jhang
  • Govt. Ghazali College, Jhang
  • Romi Education System Near Mini Sports Complex Civil Lines Jhang
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