Jammu (city)
Encyclopedia
Jammu is the largest city in the Jammu region
and the winter capital of the state of Jammu and Kashmir
, India
. It is a municipal corporation
.
It is close to Sialkot
in Pakistan
. Jammu is also known as the "City of Temples" as it has many beautiful and historical temples and shrines with glittering domes of old mosques and super brilliant "shikhars" of temples creating a feeling of communal love at the first sight.With its fastest growing urban agglomerations and booming infrastructure the winter capital of state is the 2nd largest city in state. Its population is expected to cross 900,000 units by 2011.
It is approximately 600 km away from the national capital, New Delhi
and is linked with a National Highway, railway and airport.The city spreads around the holy Tawi river with the old city overlooking it from the north while the other large agglomerations spread around the southern side of river.The city is connected by two bridges on the river the third one is under implementation and three flyovers criss-crossing the old city.The city is not flat.One part is high and other is low and the city spreads on these uneven ridges of very low heights.The Bahu hill and the old city spread on each bank of Tawi are the highest points with the royal Dogra Palace at yet at another height overlooking it.The airport is situated at Satwari
.
The old city is confined to the right bank and the later expansions of the city (new Jammu) have largely taken place on the left
bank of the river but a number of new colonies such as Roopnagar, Janipura, Barnai, Bantalab, Anand Vihar, Tathar etc. have come up on the right bank also. Large scale urbanisation and industrialisation has given rise to what is called now Greater Jammu,
the name given to old, new and the suburbs of Jammu.
.
The city name figures in the ancient book Mahabharata. Excavation near Akhnoor, 20 miles (32 km) from Jammu city, provides evidence that Jammu was once part of the Harappan civilization.
Remains from the Maurya, Kushan, Kushanshahs and Gupta periods have also been found in Jammu. After 480 AD the area was dominated by the Hephthalites and ruled from Kapisa and Kabul. They were succeeded by the Kushano-Hephthalite dynasty from 565 to 670 AD, then by the Shahi from 670 to the early 11th century, when the Shahi were destroyed by the Ghaznavids.
Jammu is also mentioned in accounts of the campaigns of Timur. The area witnessed changes of control following invasions by Mughals and Sikhs, before finally falling under the control of the British.
The city has never been under the control of Muslims.The Dev Dynasty ruled it for about 984 years from 840 A.D to 1816 A.D.The city remained in scintific isolation and lagged behind other Indian cities.Then came the Dogra Rule that revived its ancient glory by building great temples,mosques,renovated old shrines,built educational institutes and many more. There was a railway line that connected Jammu with Sialkot
in Punjab
a distance of 27 miles. In 2000 to the consternation of many the railway station was demolished to make way for an art centre.
, with extreme summer highs reaching 46 °C (114.8 °F), and temperatures in the winter months occasionally falling below freezing. June is the hottest month with average highs of 40.6 °C (105.1 °F), while January is the coldest month with average lows reaching 7 °C (44.6 °F). Average yearly precipitation is about 42 inches (1,066.8 mm) with the bulk of the rainfall in the months from June to September, although the winters can also be rather wet. In winter dense smog causes much inconvenience and temperature even drops to 2 °C (35.6 °F). In summer, particularly in May and June, extremely intense sunlight or hot winds can raise the mercury to 46 °C (114.8 °F). Following the hot season, the monsoon
lashes the city with heavy downpours along with thunderstorms: rainfall may total up to 669 millimetres (26.3 in) in the wettest months.
which is well connected with the major cities of India. The grand station provides services from almost all the corners of the country.Jammu was initially connected to Sialkot but after partition of India rail connectivity totally snapped.With the completion of new railway route from Pathankot via Kathua in 1985 Jammu was connected to rest of the country.The Jammu Railway Station is an origination point for express trains such as the Indore Junction BG (Indore
) bound Malwa Express
, Chennai
bound Andaman Express, Madurai
bound Himsagar Express
, Ahemedabad bound Swaraj Express
and so on. The Important trains originating through the station include:
The Kashmir Railway
is being constructed to connect Jammu and the national rail network to the north of the state.
which passes through Jammu connects it to the Kashmir valley.National Highway 1B connects Jammu with Poonch town.Jammu is just 80 kilometers away from Kathua town while it is 68 kilometers from Udhampur city.Katra is also 49 kilometers away.
is located about 7 km from Jammu. It has direct flights to Srinagar
, Delhi
, Chandigarh
, Leh and Mumbai
.
to Jammu. Srinagar serves as the summer capital from May to October. Jammu was a municipal committee during 2001 census of India. With effect from 5 September 2003, it has upgraded status of a municipal corporation.
Bagh-E-Bahu located on the banks of Tawi river, is a Mughal-age garden. It gives a nice view of the old city and Tawi river. Bagh itself is very beautiful. There is a small cafeteria on one side of the garden.
On the by-pass road behind Bahu Fort, the city forest surrounds the ancient Mahamaya Temple overlooking the river Tawi. A small garden surrounded by acres of woods provides a commanding view of the city.
Opposite the Bahu Fort, overlooking the River Tawi is a temple dedicated to Mahamaya of Dogra decent, who lost her life fourteen centuries ago fighting foreign invaders. The present temple of Bawey Wali Mata was built shortly after the coronation of Maharaja Gulab Singh, in 1822. It is also known as the temple of Mahakali and the goddess is considered second only to Mata Vaishno Devi in terms of mystical power.
, The principal languages spoken are Dogri,English ,Urdu,Hindi ,Kashmiri.
Acharya Shri Chander College of Medical Sciences & Hospital
Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, R.S.Pura
Government College of Engineering & Technology, Jammu
G.G.M. Science College, Jammu
Government Medical College and Hospital, Jammu
I.C.E.S. College of Engineering & Technology
Mahant Bachittar Singh College of Engineering & Technology (MBSCET) Baliana, Jammu
Maharaja Harisingh Agri Collegiate School
Model Institute of Engineering and Technology (M.I.E.T), Kot Bhalwal, Jammu
Sainik School, Nagrota
Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology - Jammu
Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University Katra, Kakrial
Sri Pratap Memorial Rajput College of Commerce, B.B.A, B.C.A.
surrounded by subsistence agricultural and industrial economies and protected by
stringent regulation against settlement by outsiders. Socio-economic and political
compulsions have been pushing intra-regional migration to the city which is one of the
main reasons for phenomenonal growth of population. In fact, in-migration to the city
from hinterland is directly proportional to the impoverishment of rural economy.
Subsistence agricultural practices, fragmentation of land holdings and steep rise in
population have pushed more and more people out of the rural economy in search of
employment in the city. Annual rate of intra-regional migration is estimated between 24
29% to 35%. The city faced unprecedented migration of about 2 lakh Kashmiri Hindus
during the period 1989-94. On going militancy in the state has pushed out a large
number of Muslim families from Valley to settle in the city. The migrants have
purchased land either to settle permanently in Jammu or have an alternative house.
Because of legal restrictions, there was check on inter-regional migration. In order to fill
the gap of demand and supply of labour in the fast diversifying economy and flourishing
construction activity, more than 40,000 to 50,000 workers have migrated to Jammu from
Bihar, AP and MP in search of employment. Besides in-migration, floating population
which constitutes pilgrims to Mata Vaishno Devi, Amarnath Yatra, military and para
military forces and their families is also adding about 200,000 people to the population
annually. Darbar Move brings about 18,000 families from Srinagar to Jammu for six
months of winter.
Dogri food specialties include Ambal, Khatta Meat, Kulthein di Dal, Dal Patt, Maa da Madra, Rajma, and Auriya. Pickles typical of Jammu are made of Kasrod, Girgle, Mango with Saunf, Zimikand, Tyaoo, Seyoo, and Potatoes. Auriya is a dish made with Potatoes. During weddings it is typical to make Kayoor, and Sund.
Jammu folks love their chaats specially Gol Gappas, Kachaalo, Gulgule, Rajma Kulche, Nutri Kulche etc.
Jammu
Jammu , also known as Duggar, is one of the three administrative divisions within Jammu and Kashmir, the northernmost state in India.Jammu city is the largest city in Jammu and the winter capital of Jammu and Kashmir...
and the winter capital of the state of Jammu and Kashmir
Jammu and Kashmir
Jammu and Kashmir is the northernmost state of India. It is situated mostly in the Himalayan mountains. Jammu and Kashmir shares a border with the states of Himachal Pradesh and Punjab to the south and internationally with the People's Republic of China to the north and east and the...
, India
India
India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
. It is a municipal corporation
Municipal corporation
A municipal corporation is the legal term for a local governing body, including cities, counties, towns, townships, charter townships, villages, and boroughs. Municipal incorporation occurs when such municipalities become self-governing entities under the laws of the state or province in which...
.
It is close to Sialkot
Sialkot
Sialkot is a city in Pakistan situated in the north-east of the Punjab province at the foothills of snow-covered peaks of Kashmir near the Chenab river. It is the capital of Sialkot District. The city is about north-west of Lahore and only a few kilometers from Indian-controlled Jammu.The...
in Pakistan
Pakistan
Pakistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan is a sovereign state in South Asia. It has a coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by Afghanistan and Iran in the west, India in the east and China in the far northeast. In the north, Tajikistan...
. Jammu is also known as the "City of Temples" as it has many beautiful and historical temples and shrines with glittering domes of old mosques and super brilliant "shikhars" of temples creating a feeling of communal love at the first sight.With its fastest growing urban agglomerations and booming infrastructure the winter capital of state is the 2nd largest city in state. Its population is expected to cross 900,000 units by 2011.
Geography
Jammu is located at 32.73°N 74.87°E. It has an average elevation of 327 m (1,072.8 ft). Jammu city is located between 74 degree 24' and 75 degree 18', East longitude and 32 degree 50' and 33 degree 30' North latitude.The city lies at uneven ridges of low heights at the shivalik foothills.It is surrounded by Shiwalik range to the north,east and south east while the Trikuta Range,the abode of Shri Mata Vaishno Devi surround it in the north-west.It is approximately 600 km away from the national capital, New Delhi
New Delhi
New Delhi is the capital city of India. It serves as the centre of the Government of India and the Government of the National Capital Territory of Delhi. New Delhi is situated within the metropolis of Delhi. It is one of the nine districts of Delhi Union Territory. The total area of the city is...
and is linked with a National Highway, railway and airport.The city spreads around the holy Tawi river with the old city overlooking it from the north while the other large agglomerations spread around the southern side of river.The city is connected by two bridges on the river the third one is under implementation and three flyovers criss-crossing the old city.The city is not flat.One part is high and other is low and the city spreads on these uneven ridges of very low heights.The Bahu hill and the old city spread on each bank of Tawi are the highest points with the royal Dogra Palace at yet at another height overlooking it.The airport is situated at Satwari
Jammu Airport
Jammu Airport also known as Satwari Airport is an airport in Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India. It is situated 14 km from International boundary .-Airlines and Destinations:...
.
The old city is confined to the right bank and the later expansions of the city (new Jammu) have largely taken place on the left
bank of the river but a number of new colonies such as Roopnagar, Janipura, Barnai, Bantalab, Anand Vihar, Tathar etc. have come up on the right bank also. Large scale urbanisation and industrialisation has given rise to what is called now Greater Jammu,
the name given to old, new and the suburbs of Jammu.
.
Origin Of Name
The name Jammu is derived from its ruler who founded it.Raja Jambulochan founded this city and named it Jambupora which later changed to Jammu.Many historians and locals believe that Jammu was founded by Raja Jambu Lochan in the 14th century BC. During one of his hunting campaigns, he reached the Tawi River where he saw a goat and a lion drinking water at the same place. Having satisfied their thirst, the animals went their own ways. The Raja was amazed, abandoned the idea of hunting and returned to his companions. Recounting what he had seen, he exclaimed that this place, where a lion and a lamb could drink water side by side, was a place of peace and tranquility. The Raja commanded that a palace be built at this place and a city was founded around it. This city became known as Jambu-Nagar, which then later changed into Jammu.History
Jammu has historically been the capital of Jammu Province and the winter capital of the erstwhile Kashmir State.Many historians and locals believe that Jammu was founded by Raja Jambu Lochan in the 14th century BC. During one of his hunting campaigns, he reached the Tawi River where he saw a goat and a lion drinking water at the same place. Having satisfied their thirst, the animals went their own ways. The Raja was amazed, abandoned the idea of hunting and returned to his companions. Recounting what he had seen, he exclaimed that this place, where a lion and a lamb could drink water side by side, was a place of peace and tranquility. The Raja commanded that a palace be built at this place and a city was founded around it. This city became known as Jambu-Nagar, which then later changed into Jammu. Jambu Lochan was the brother of Raja Bahu Lochan who constructed a fort on the bank of river Tawi. Bahu Fort is a historical place in Jammu.The city name figures in the ancient book Mahabharata. Excavation near Akhnoor, 20 miles (32 km) from Jammu city, provides evidence that Jammu was once part of the Harappan civilization.
Remains from the Maurya, Kushan, Kushanshahs and Gupta periods have also been found in Jammu. After 480 AD the area was dominated by the Hephthalites and ruled from Kapisa and Kabul. They were succeeded by the Kushano-Hephthalite dynasty from 565 to 670 AD, then by the Shahi from 670 to the early 11th century, when the Shahi were destroyed by the Ghaznavids.
Jammu is also mentioned in accounts of the campaigns of Timur. The area witnessed changes of control following invasions by Mughals and Sikhs, before finally falling under the control of the British.
The city has never been under the control of Muslims.The Dev Dynasty ruled it for about 984 years from 840 A.D to 1816 A.D.The city remained in scintific isolation and lagged behind other Indian cities.Then came the Dogra Rule that revived its ancient glory by building great temples,mosques,renovated old shrines,built educational institutes and many more. There was a railway line that connected Jammu with Sialkot
Sialkot
Sialkot is a city in Pakistan situated in the north-east of the Punjab province at the foothills of snow-covered peaks of Kashmir near the Chenab river. It is the capital of Sialkot District. The city is about north-west of Lahore and only a few kilometers from Indian-controlled Jammu.The...
in Punjab
Punjab (Pakistan)
Punjab is the most populous province of Pakistan, with approximately 45% of the country's total population. Forming most of the Punjab region, the province is bordered by Kashmir to the north-east, the Indian states of Punjab and Rajasthan to the east, the Pakistani province of Sindh to the...
a distance of 27 miles. In 2000 to the consternation of many the railway station was demolished to make way for an art centre.
Climate
Jammu, like the rest of north-western India, features a humid subtropical climateHumid subtropical climate
A humid subtropical climate is a climate zone characterized by hot, humid summers and mild to cool winters...
, with extreme summer highs reaching 46 °C (114.8 °F), and temperatures in the winter months occasionally falling below freezing. June is the hottest month with average highs of 40.6 °C (105.1 °F), while January is the coldest month with average lows reaching 7 °C (44.6 °F). Average yearly precipitation is about 42 inches (1,066.8 mm) with the bulk of the rainfall in the months from June to September, although the winters can also be rather wet. In winter dense smog causes much inconvenience and temperature even drops to 2 °C (35.6 °F). In summer, particularly in May and June, extremely intense sunlight or hot winds can raise the mercury to 46 °C (114.8 °F). Following the hot season, the monsoon
Monsoon
Monsoon is traditionally defined as a seasonal reversing wind accompanied by corresponding changes in precipitation, but is now used to describe seasonal changes in atmospheric circulation and precipitation associated with the asymmetric heating of land and sea...
lashes the city with heavy downpours along with thunderstorms: rainfall may total up to 669 millimetres (26.3 in) in the wettest months.
Railways
Jammu city has a station called Jammu TawiJammu Tawi
Jammu Tawi is a Railway station in Jammu, in India. It is very well connected with the major cities of India such as New Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Hyderabad, Bangalore, Pune, Ahemedabad, Indore, Bhopal, Gwalior, Jabalpur, Jaipur, Patna, Lucknow, Varanasi, Vadodara, Gorakhpur, Dehradun,...
which is well connected with the major cities of India. The grand station provides services from almost all the corners of the country.Jammu was initially connected to Sialkot but after partition of India rail connectivity totally snapped.With the completion of new railway route from Pathankot via Kathua in 1985 Jammu was connected to rest of the country.The Jammu Railway Station is an origination point for express trains such as the Indore Junction BG (Indore
Indore
Indore is one of the major city in India, the largest city and commercial center of the state of Madhya Pradesh in central India. Indore is located 190 km west of the state capital Bhopal. According to the 2011 Indian census, Indore city has a population of 1,960,631...
) bound Malwa Express
Malwa Express
Malwa Express is a daily superfast express train service which connects Indore Junction BG railway station of Indore, the largest city and commercial hub in Madhya Pradesh, to Jammu Tawi in Jammu & Kashmir, India.- Number and Nomenclature :The 'down' service from Indore runs as number 12919, and...
, Chennai
Chennai
Chennai , formerly known as Madras or Madarasapatinam , is the capital city of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu, located on the Coromandel Coast off the Bay of Bengal. Chennai is the fourth most populous metropolitan area and the sixth most populous city in India...
bound Andaman Express, Madurai
Madurai
Madurai is the third largest city in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu and one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. It served as the capital city of the Pandyan Kingdom. It is the administrative headquarters of Madurai District and is famous for its temples built by Pandyan and...
bound Himsagar Express
Himsagar Express
Himsagar Express is the second longest running train on the Indian Railways in terms of distance and time. It runs from Kanyakumari in India's southernmost state, Tamil Nadu to Jammu Tawi, in Jammu & Kashmir - the northernmost state of India...
, Ahemedabad bound Swaraj Express
Swaraj
Swaraj can mean generally self-governance or "self-rule", and was used synonymously with "home-rule" by Gandhi but the word usually refers to Gandhi's concept for Indian independence from foreign domination. Swaraj lays stress on governance not by a hierarchical government, but self governance...
and so on. The Important trains originating through the station include:
- 6031/6032 - Andaman Express
- 2919/2920 - Malwa ExpressMalwa ExpressMalwa Express is a daily superfast express train service which connects Indore Junction BG railway station of Indore, the largest city and commercial hub in Madhya Pradesh, to Jammu Tawi in Jammu & Kashmir, India.- Number and Nomenclature :The 'down' service from Indore runs as number 12919, and...
- 1069/1070 - Jhelum ExpressJhelumJhelum or Jehlum may refer to:* Jhelum, a city in Pakistan on the banks of the Jhelum River* Jhelum District, an administrative division in Punjab, Pakistan surrounding the city of Jhelum...
- 1449/1450 - Jabalpur - Jammutawi Express between Jabalpur JunctionJabalpur JunctionJabalpur Junction , is an important railway junction station of Jabalpur City in Madhya Pradesh. It is the headquarters of West Central Railway. The station is sometimes called the Jabalpur main station...
(Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh) and Jammu tawiJammu TawiJammu Tawi is a Railway station in Jammu, in India. It is very well connected with the major cities of India such as New Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Hyderabad, Bangalore, Pune, Ahemedabad, Indore, Bhopal, Gwalior, Jabalpur, Jaipur, Patna, Lucknow, Varanasi, Vadodara, Gorakhpur, Dehradun,...
.
The Kashmir Railway
Kashmir Railway
The Kashmir Railway is a railway line being built in India to connect the state of Jammu and Kashmir with the rest of the country. Officially termed the Jammu Udhampur Srinagar Baramulla Railway Link , the railway starts from Jammu and, when completed, will travel for to the city of Baramulla on...
is being constructed to connect Jammu and the national rail network to the north of the state.
Roadways
National Highway 1ANational Highway 1A (India)
National Highway 1A , is a National Highway in North India that connects the Kashmir valley to Jammu and the rest of India. The northern terminal is in Uri in Jammu & Kashmir and the southern terminal is in Jalandhar. Stretches of NH 1A run through some extremely treacherous terrain and shut-offs...
which passes through Jammu connects it to the Kashmir valley.National Highway 1B connects Jammu with Poonch town.Jammu is just 80 kilometers away from Kathua town while it is 68 kilometers from Udhampur city.Katra is also 49 kilometers away.
Airways
Jammu AirportJammu Airport
Jammu Airport also known as Satwari Airport is an airport in Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India. It is situated 14 km from International boundary .-Airlines and Destinations:...
is located about 7 km from Jammu. It has direct flights to Srinagar
Srinagar
Srinagar is the summer seasonal capital of Jammu and Kashmir. It is situated in Kashmir Valley and lies on the banks of the Jhelum River, a tributary of the Indus. It is one of the largest cities in India not to have a Hindu majority. The city is famous for its gardens, lakes and houseboats...
, Delhi
Delhi
Delhi , officially National Capital Territory of Delhi , is the largest metropolis by area and the second-largest by population in India, next to Mumbai. It is the eighth largest metropolis in the world by population with 16,753,265 inhabitants in the Territory at the 2011 Census...
, Chandigarh
Chandigarh
Chandigarh is a union territory of India that serves as the capital of two states, Haryana and Punjab. The name Chandigarh translates as "The Fort of Chandi". The name is from an ancient temple called Chandi Mandir, devoted to the Hindu goddess Chandi, in the city...
, Leh and Mumbai
Mumbai
Mumbai , formerly known as Bombay in English, is the capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is the most populous city in India, and the fourth most populous city in the world, with a total metropolitan area population of approximately 20.5 million...
.
Local Transport
The City Has mini buses for local transport which run on some defined routes.These mini buses are called Matadors.Besides this Auto-rickshaw service is also available.Local Taxis are also available.Administration
Jammu city serves as the winter capital of Jammu & Kashmir state from November to April when all the offices move from SrinagarSrinagar
Srinagar is the summer seasonal capital of Jammu and Kashmir. It is situated in Kashmir Valley and lies on the banks of the Jhelum River, a tributary of the Indus. It is one of the largest cities in India not to have a Hindu majority. The city is famous for its gardens, lakes and houseboats...
to Jammu. Srinagar serves as the summer capital from May to October. Jammu was a municipal committee during 2001 census of India. With effect from 5 September 2003, it has upgraded status of a municipal corporation.
Economy
Jammu is the main cultural and economic centre of jammu province and the state also.The city has a number of plastics,polythene,paints,printing,polish,hardware,bakery industries.The estates of Gangayal and Bari-Brahmana are the largest in the entire state.Jammu has a number of food-grain mills.Jammu also has largest number of shopping complexes,cinemas,recreation centres in the state.At present the real-estate business is flourishing but some anomalies in the constitution of the state have made it to lag behind other cities.Tourism
Tourism is the largest industry.It is also a focal point for the pilgrims going to Sri Mata Vaishno Devi and also to Kashmir valley as it is second last railway terminal in North India.All the routes leading to Kashmir,Poonch,Doda and Laddakh start from Jammu city.So throughout the year the city remains full of people from all the corners of India.The Old Heritage City has many contemporary structures.Places of interest include old historic palaces like Mubarak Mandi,Purani Mandi,Rani Park,Amar Mahal,Bahu Fort,Raghunath Temple,Ranbireshwar Temple,Karbala,Peer Meetha,Old city and a number of shopping places,fun parks etc.Bahu Fort
Bahu Fort, which also serves as a religious temple, is situated about 5 km from Jammu city on a rock face on the left bank of the river Tawi. This is perhaps the oldest fort and edifice in Jammu city. Constructed originally by Raja Bahulochan over 300 years ago, the fort was improved and rebuilt by Dogra rulers. Inside the fort, there is a temple dedicated to the Goddess Kali, popularly known as Bave Wali Mata, the presiding deity of Jammu. Every Tuesday and Sunday pilgrims throng this temple and partake in "Tawi flowing worship". Today the fort is surrounded with a beautiful terraced garden which is a favourite picnic spot of the city folk.Bagh-E-Bahu located on the banks of Tawi river, is a Mughal-age garden. It gives a nice view of the old city and Tawi river. Bagh itself is very beautiful. There is a small cafeteria on one side of the garden.
On the by-pass road behind Bahu Fort, the city forest surrounds the ancient Mahamaya Temple overlooking the river Tawi. A small garden surrounded by acres of woods provides a commanding view of the city.
Opposite the Bahu Fort, overlooking the River Tawi is a temple dedicated to Mahamaya of Dogra decent, who lost her life fourteen centuries ago fighting foreign invaders. The present temple of Bawey Wali Mata was built shortly after the coronation of Maharaja Gulab Singh, in 1822. It is also known as the temple of Mahakali and the goddess is considered second only to Mata Vaishno Devi in terms of mystical power.
Raghunath Temple
Amongst the temples in Jammu, the Raghunath Temple takes pride of place being situated right in the heart of the city. This temple is situated at the city center and was built in 1857. Work on the temple was started by Maharaja Gulab Singh, founder of the Kingdom of Jammu and Kashmir, in 1835 AD and was completed by his son Maharaja Ranbir Singh in 1860 AD. The inner walls of the main temple are covered with gold sheet on three sides. There are many galleries with lakhs of saligrams. The surrounding Temples are dedicated to various Gods and Goddesses connected with the epic Ramayana. This temple consists of seven shrines, each with a tower of its own. It is the largest temple complex in northern India. Though 130 years old, the complex is remarkable for sacred scriptures, one of the richest collections of ancient texts and manuscripts in its library. Its arches, surface and niches are undoubtedly influenced by Mughal architecture while the interiors of the temple are plated with gold. The main sanctuary is dedicated to Lord Vishnu's eighth incarnation and Dogras' patron deity, the Rama. It also houses a Sanskrit Library containing rare Sanskrit manuscripts.Peer Kho Cave
Alongside the same Tawi river are the Peer Kho Cave temple, the Panchbakhtar temple and the Ranbireshwar temple dedicated to Lord Shiva with their own legends and specific days of worship. Peer Kho cave is located on the bank of river Tawi and it is widely believed that Ramayan character Jamvant (the bear god) meditated in this cave. The Ranbireshwar Temple has twelve Shiva lingams of crystal measuring 12" to 18" and galleries with thousands of saligrams fixed on stone slabs. Located on the Shalimar Road near the New Secretariat, and built by Maharaja Ranbir Singh in 1883 AD. It has one central lingam measuring seven and a half feet height (2.3 m) and twelve Shiva lingams of crystal measuring from 15 cm to 38 cm and galleries with thousands of Shiva lingams fixed on stone slabs.City Life
Jammu City has the highest Human Index development rating in the city having a large chunk of people being rich. There are number of lifestyle Hotels,Education centres,recreational areas in the city.One of the major attractions of Jammu, it is a revolving restaurant named Falak located on the top of the hotel KC Residency. Ragunath Bazar is the main tourist and shopping center of the city.Demographics
India censusCensus
A census is the procedure of systematically acquiring and recording information about the members of a given population. It is a regularly occurring and official count of a particular population. The term is used mostly in connection with national population and housing censuses; other common...
, The principal languages spoken are Dogri,English ,Urdu,Hindi ,Kashmiri.
Education
University of JammuAcharya Shri Chander College of Medical Sciences & Hospital
Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, R.S.Pura
Government College of Engineering & Technology, Jammu
G.G.M. Science College, Jammu
Government Medical College and Hospital, Jammu
I.C.E.S. College of Engineering & Technology
Mahant Bachittar Singh College of Engineering & Technology (MBSCET) Baliana, Jammu
Maharaja Harisingh Agri Collegiate School
Model Institute of Engineering and Technology (M.I.E.T), Kot Bhalwal, Jammu
Sainik School, Nagrota
Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology - Jammu
Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University Katra, Kakrial
Sri Pratap Memorial Rajput College of Commerce, B.B.A, B.C.A.
Refugees and Migration in Jammu
Being comparatively safe from terrorism ,Jammu has become a hub of refugees.At present there are about 9-13 lakhs refugees living in and around Jammu in different relief camps.These primarily include Kashmiri Pandit IDP who migrated from Kashmir in 1989 due to terrorism, POK refugees(mainly Hindus), refugees from Reasi, Doda and Kishtwar(both Hindus and Muslims).The government is trying to rehabilitate these refugees.Jammu is located in the extreme corner of the country. The city issurrounded by subsistence agricultural and industrial economies and protected by
stringent regulation against settlement by outsiders. Socio-economic and political
compulsions have been pushing intra-regional migration to the city which is one of the
main reasons for phenomenonal growth of population. In fact, in-migration to the city
from hinterland is directly proportional to the impoverishment of rural economy.
Subsistence agricultural practices, fragmentation of land holdings and steep rise in
population have pushed more and more people out of the rural economy in search of
employment in the city. Annual rate of intra-regional migration is estimated between 24
29% to 35%. The city faced unprecedented migration of about 2 lakh Kashmiri Hindus
during the period 1989-94. On going militancy in the state has pushed out a large
number of Muslim families from Valley to settle in the city. The migrants have
purchased land either to settle permanently in Jammu or have an alternative house.
Because of legal restrictions, there was check on inter-regional migration. In order to fill
the gap of demand and supply of labour in the fast diversifying economy and flourishing
construction activity, more than 40,000 to 50,000 workers have migrated to Jammu from
Bihar, AP and MP in search of employment. Besides in-migration, floating population
which constitutes pilgrims to Mata Vaishno Devi, Amarnath Yatra, military and para
military forces and their families is also adding about 200,000 people to the population
annually. Darbar Move brings about 18,000 families from Srinagar to Jammu for six
months of winter.
Jammu Cuisine
Jammu is known for its Chocolate Barfi, Sund panjeeri,Patisa and its exotic local food - Rajma (with rice) is one of the specialty dishes of Jammu. Another specialty of Jammu is Kalaadi which is processed cheese.Dogri food specialties include Ambal, Khatta Meat, Kulthein di Dal, Dal Patt, Maa da Madra, Rajma, and Auriya. Pickles typical of Jammu are made of Kasrod, Girgle, Mango with Saunf, Zimikand, Tyaoo, Seyoo, and Potatoes. Auriya is a dish made with Potatoes. During weddings it is typical to make Kayoor, and Sund.
Jammu folks love their chaats specially Gol Gappas, Kachaalo, Gulgule, Rajma Kulche, Nutri Kulche etc.