James Mackay, 1st Earl of Inchcape
Encyclopedia
James Lyle Mackay, 1st Earl of Inchcape, GCSI
, GCMG
, KCIE
(11 September 1852 – 23 May 1932) was a British
colonial administrator in India
.
Mackay was the second son of James Mackay of Arbroath
and his wife, Deborah Lyle. In 1874 he went to India where he joined the staff of Mackinnon, Mackenzie & Co in Calcutta and by 1914 was the sole surviving senior partner of the company that would be renamed Inchcape plc
in 1981. Mackay was appointed President of the Bengal Chamber of Commerce in 1890, a member of the Legislative Council of the Viceroy of India in 1891 and a member of the Council of the Secretary of State for India
in 1897. In 1902, he and Chinese statesman Sheng Xuanhuai
negotiated and signed the Sino-British "Mackay Treaty," which anticipated the abolition of extraterritoriality
in China.
Mackay was largely responsible for solving India’s currency problems and for the adoption of the Gold Standard
, he was knight
ed by King George V
for his services to industry and nation in 1911. Mackay later served as Vice-President of the Suez Canal Company
, Chairman of P&O
and a Director of the Anglo-Persian Oil Company
and the National Provincial Bank
.
He chose the title “Baron Inchcape of Strathnaver” to commemorate the Inchcape Rock, which lies off Arbroath
, and Strathnaver
in Scotland
. He later became a Viscount and finally, in 1929, he was appointed the first Earl of Inchcape
. He was appointed a CIE in 1891, knighted with the KCIE in 1894, a GCMG in 1902, a KCSI in 1910 and a GCSI in 1924.
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Order of the Star of India
The Most Exalted Order of the Star of India is an order of chivalry founded by Queen Victoria in 1861. The Order includes members of three classes:# Knight Grand Commander # Knight Commander # Companion...
, GCMG
Order of St Michael and St George
The Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George is an order of chivalry founded on 28 April 1818 by George, Prince Regent, later George IV of the United Kingdom, while he was acting as Prince Regent for his father, George III....
, KCIE
Order of the Indian Empire
The Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire is an order of chivalry founded by Queen Victoria in 1878. The Order includes members of three classes:#Knight Grand Commander #Knight Commander #Companion...
(11 September 1852 – 23 May 1932) was a British
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...
colonial administrator in India
India
India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
.
Mackay was the second son of James Mackay of Arbroath
Arbroath
Arbroath or Aberbrothock is a former royal burgh and the largest town in the council area of Angus in Scotland, and has a population of 22,785...
and his wife, Deborah Lyle. In 1874 he went to India where he joined the staff of Mackinnon, Mackenzie & Co in Calcutta and by 1914 was the sole surviving senior partner of the company that would be renamed Inchcape plc
Inchcape plc
Inchcape plc is a multinational automotive retail and services company headquartered in London, United Kingdom. It has operations in 26 countries across Africa, Asia, Australasia, Europe and South America....
in 1981. Mackay was appointed President of the Bengal Chamber of Commerce in 1890, a member of the Legislative Council of the Viceroy of India in 1891 and a member of the Council of the Secretary of State for India
Secretary of State for India
The Secretary of State for India, or India Secretary, was the British Cabinet minister responsible for the government of India and the political head of the India Office...
in 1897. In 1902, he and Chinese statesman Sheng Xuanhuai
Sheng Xuanhuai
Sheng Xuanhuai , November 4, 1844—April 27, 1916, 盛宣懷) was the Minister of Transportation during the Qing Dynasty. He is also known as Sheng Gongbao ....
negotiated and signed the Sino-British "Mackay Treaty," which anticipated the abolition of extraterritoriality
Extraterritoriality
Extraterritoriality is the state of being exempt from the jurisdiction of local law, usually as the result of diplomatic negotiations. Extraterritoriality can also be applied to physical places, such as military bases of foreign countries, or offices of the United Nations...
in China.
Mackay was largely responsible for solving India’s currency problems and for the adoption of the Gold Standard
Gold standard
The gold standard is a monetary system in which the standard economic unit of account is a fixed mass of gold. There are distinct kinds of gold standard...
, he was knight
Knight
A knight was a member of a class of lower nobility in the High Middle Ages.By the Late Middle Ages, the rank had become associated with the ideals of chivalry, a code of conduct for the perfect courtly Christian warrior....
ed by King George V
George V of the United Kingdom
George V was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Emperor of India, from 6 May 1910 through the First World War until his death in 1936....
for his services to industry and nation in 1911. Mackay later served as Vice-President of the Suez Canal Company
Suez Canal Company
The Universal Suez Ship Canal Company was the Egyptian corporation which was formed by Ferdinand de Lesseps during 1858, constructed the Suez Canal between 1859 and 1869, and owned and operated it for many years thereafter...
, Chairman of P&O
Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company
The Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company, which is usually known as P&O, is a British shipping and logistics company which dated from the early 19th century. Following its sale in March 2006 to Dubai Ports World for £3.9 billion, it became a subsidiary of DP World; however, the P&O...
and a Director of the Anglo-Persian Oil Company
Anglo-Persian Oil Company
The Anglo-Persian Oil Company was founded in 1908 following the discovery of a large oil field in Masjed Soleiman, Iran. It was the first company to extract petroleum from the Middle East...
and the National Provincial Bank
National Provincial Bank
National Provincial Bank was a British retail bank which operated in England and Wales from 1833 until its merger into the National Westminster Bank in 1970; it remains a registered company but is dormant...
.
He chose the title “Baron Inchcape of Strathnaver” to commemorate the Inchcape Rock, which lies off Arbroath
Arbroath
Arbroath or Aberbrothock is a former royal burgh and the largest town in the council area of Angus in Scotland, and has a population of 22,785...
, and Strathnaver
Strathnaver
Strathnaver or Strath Naver is the fertile strath of the River Naver, a famous salmon river that flows from Loch Naver to the north coast of Scotland...
in Scotland
Scotland
Scotland is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Occupying the northern third of the island of Great Britain, it shares a border with England to the south and is bounded by the North Sea to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the...
. He later became a Viscount and finally, in 1929, he was appointed the first Earl of Inchcape
Earl of Inchcape
Earl of Inchcape is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created in 1929 for the Scottish shipping magnate and public servant James Mackay, 1st Viscount Inchcape. He was Chairman of the P and O Steam Navigation Company...
. He was appointed a CIE in 1891, knighted with the KCIE in 1894, a GCMG in 1902, a KCSI in 1910 and a GCSI in 1924.
Styles
- 1852-1891: James Lyle Mackay
- 1891-1894: James Lyle Mackay, CIEOrder of the Indian EmpireThe Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire is an order of chivalry founded by Queen Victoria in 1878. The Order includes members of three classes:#Knight Grand Commander #Knight Commander #Companion...
- 1894-1902: SirSirSir is an honorific used as a title , or as a courtesy title to address a man without using his given or family name in many English speaking cultures...
James Lyle Mackay, KCIEKCIEKCIE may refer to:* Knight Commander, one of the ranks of the Order of the Indian Empire* KCIE , a radio station licensed to Dulce, New Mexico, United States... - 1902-1910: Sir James Lyle Mackay, GCMG, KCIE
- 1910-1911: Sir James Lyle Mackay, GCMG, KCSIOrder of the Star of IndiaThe Most Exalted Order of the Star of India is an order of chivalry founded by Queen Victoria in 1861. The Order includes members of three classes:# Knight Grand Commander # Knight Commander # Companion...
, KCIE - 1911-1924: The Right HonourableThe Right HonourableThe Right Honourable is an honorific prefix that is traditionally applied to certain people in the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, the Anglophone Caribbean and other Commonwealth Realms, and occasionally elsewhere...
the Lord Inchcape, GCMG, KCSI, KCIE - 1924-1929: The Right Honourable the Viscount Inchcape, GCSI, GCMG, KCIE
- 1929-1932: The Right Honourable the Earl of InchcapeEarl of InchcapeEarl of Inchcape is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created in 1929 for the Scottish shipping magnate and public servant James Mackay, 1st Viscount Inchcape. He was Chairman of the P and O Steam Navigation Company...
, GCSI, GCMG, KCIE
Family
On 10 July 1883, Mackay married Jean Shanks and they had five children:- Hon. Kenneth, later styled Viscount Glenapp, later 2nd Earl of Inchcape (1887-1939)
- Lady Margaret Cargill (d. 1958), married Alexander Shaw, 2nd Baron CraigmyleAlexander Shaw, 2nd Baron CraigmyleAlexander Shaw, 2nd Baron Craigmyle was a Scottish Liberal Party politician.-Life:Shaw was a lawyer by profession, having studied at Trinity College, Oxford and being called to the bar in 1908. In 1913 he married Lady Margaret Cargill Mackay, who gave him one son and three daughters...
- Lady Janet Lyle (d. 1972), married Lt-Col Frederick Bailey, landowner.
- ElsieElsie MackayFor the American actress Elsie Mackay please see Elsie Mackay The Honourable Elsie Mackay was a British actress, interior decorator and pioneering aviatrix who died attempting to cross the Atlantic Ocean with Walter G. R...
(circa 1893-1928), aviatrix, actress, and interior designer for P & O, married (later annulled) actor, Dennis WyndhamDennis WyndhamDennis Wyndham was a South African film actor. He appeared in 47 films between 1920 and 1956. He was born in Natal, South Africa....
. Disappeared at sea while attempting an east-westerly Atlantic flight. - Lady Effie (1895-1984), married Sir Eugen Millington-DrakeEugen Millington-DrakeBritish diplomat Sir Eugen John Henry Vanderstegen Millington-Drake, KCMG, was born 26 February 1889, the son of Henry Millington-Drake. In 1920 he married Lady Effie Mackay, daughter of the 1st Earl of Inchcape, and they had four children. He died 12 December 1972.He was educated at Eton and...
, diplomat. Amongst their five children were the artist Teddy Millington-Drake (1932-1994) and the daughter Marie (1924-1973), who in 1960 married the 12th Duke of Carcaci, of an ancient Sicilian aristocratic family.
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