Jakšić noble family
Encyclopedia
The Jakšić were a Serbia
n noble house that fought against the Ottoman Empire
. The eponymous founder, Jakša, was a voivode (Duke) in the service of Serbian Despot Đurađ Branković, and after the fall of Serbia to the Ottomans his descendants joined the ranks of the Hungarian army, Hungarian King
Matthias Corvinus titled them "pillars of Christianity".
was a voivode (military commander) in the Serbian Despotate
, under Despot Đurađ Branković. Jakša was mentioned in 1452 as Đurađ's envoy in Dubrovnik
. As an Ottoman vassal, Đurađ was forced to send an army to participate in the siege of Constantinople (1453). Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror did not tell Đurađ his intentions, but said that the cavalry would travel to Karaman
. The sultan slaughtered civilians on his way to Constantinople, which he quickly besieged, Duke Jakša hearing of this, wanted to return but was warned that if they would not continue, the Sultan would destroy the Serbs. The cavalry reached the fallen Constantinople, which had been the cradle of Southeastern Christianity and culture, up until now serving as the capital of the Byzantine Empire
. The event is recorded in the writings of Konstantin Mihailović
, who was in the army of Jakša.
Stefan and Dmitar Jakšić, the sons of Jakša (hence Jakšići), left Jagodina
with 1200 warriors for Hungary. They were hospitably received by Matthias Corvinus, who gave them Nădlac
(Nagylak
) and estates around Moriš
, to rule as vassals in 1464. The operations of the Serbian nobles in Slovakia
against Germany and Poland in the second half of the 15th century, were hugely successful and as such were lavishly celebrated. Dmitar held dozens of settlements of Pomorišje
, and with his cavalry detachment hidden in the woods and great skill and courage, he led victories against the Polish armies at Humenné and Michalovce in 1473. Dmitar was the general of King Matthias in a battle of Košice
in 1474, of which he has been celebrated of in Serbian epic poetry
. In 1476, Dmitar took part in the battle of Pančevo
, alongside Despot Vuk Grgurević
. In 1479, Dmitar participated in the Battle of Breadfield
with some 900 Serbs, the outcome was a decisive Hungarian victory. Dmitar is remembered as one of the most distinguished generals of the Black Army of Hungary
, which was primarily composed of Bohemians and Serbs. The brothers had rose in the ranks of barons through their military service, as did Vuk, Ladislaus Egervari, Paul Kinizsi and many more.
The son of Dmitar, Stefan, is remembered for his victory in a duel against a Polish swashbuckler
that resulted in the withdrawal of the Polish army. The next year another battle is fought at Košice between Polish King Albert and Hungarian King Vladislav. The Hungarian victory was largely due to the Serbian bands led by Miloš Velmužević and the Jakšić brothers.
In his last fights against the Ottomans in 1501, Miloš Velmužević was deadly injured, and lost his one and only son. He wrote a testament, in the presence of monk Timotija of Chilandar, where he gave his properties to his daughter Milica, who was married to Stefan Jakšić. This document is the oldest known testament of Serbs in Hungary.
Despot Vuk, Dmitar Jakšić, and his son Jovan Jakšić, took part in the campaign of King Matthias against the Turks in 1481, when the Christian army arrived at Kruševac
. Jovan's detachment liberated Golubac
. With the retreat from Serbia, some 110,000 Serbs joined up, settling in the vicinity of Timişoara
. Dmitar, on his way back from Turkey as a deputy of the King at the Sultan's court, was attacked and seriously wounded near Smederevo
. He died from his wounds on November 8, 1486, while his brother Stefan died in 1489. Marko Jakšić, the son of Stefan, took part in the Battle of Mohács
in 1526.
In May 1514, an uprising was instigated by György Dózsa
against the Landed nobility
. The uprising spread over a great part of south Hungary, over Banat
, Bačka
to Syrmia
. It affected a part of Serbs, the properties of the Jakšić brothers in Nădlac was destroyed and a part of the former Despot's. The greater part of Hungarian Serbs aided the royalty and nobility against the kurucs.
The last nobility as ktetors of Chilandar, were the Jakšići. Despotissa Angelina Branković asked Vasili III for help to Chilandar. The Chilandar clerics had in the mid 16th century asked Emperor Ivan IV for protection and material aid. Ivan the Terrible became the new ktetor of Chilandar, he was the great-grandson of Stefan Jakšić. The last nobleman died in 1543.
Serbian epic poetry
Post-Kosovo cycle.
Serbia
Serbia , officially the Republic of Serbia , is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe, covering the southern part of the Carpathian basin and the central part of the Balkans...
n noble house that fought against the Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
. The eponymous founder, Jakša, was a voivode (Duke) in the service of Serbian Despot Đurađ Branković, and after the fall of Serbia to the Ottomans his descendants joined the ranks of the Hungarian army, Hungarian King
Kingdom of Hungary
The Kingdom of Hungary comprised present-day Hungary, Slovakia and Croatia , Transylvania , Carpatho Ruthenia , Vojvodina , Burgenland , and other smaller territories surrounding present-day Hungary's borders...
Matthias Corvinus titled them "pillars of Christianity".
History
JakšaJakša
Jakša , was a military commander in the Serbian Despotate, under Đurađ Branković. In 1452, he was sent as a deputy of the Despot to Dubrovnik. As an Ottoman vassal, Đurađ was forced to send an army to participate in the siege of Constantinople . Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror did not tell Đurađ his...
was a voivode (military commander) in the Serbian Despotate
Serbian Despotate
The Serbian Despotate was a Serbian state, the last to be conquered by the Ottoman Empire. Although the Battle of Kosovo in 1389 is generally considered the end of the medieval Serbian state, the Despotate, a successor of the Serbian Empire and Moravian Serbia survived for 70 more years,...
, under Despot Đurađ Branković. Jakša was mentioned in 1452 as Đurađ's envoy in Dubrovnik
Dubrovnik
Dubrovnik is a Croatian city on the Adriatic Sea coast, positioned at the terminal end of the Isthmus of Dubrovnik. It is one of the most prominent tourist destinations on the Adriatic, a seaport and the centre of Dubrovnik-Neretva county. Its total population is 42,641...
. As an Ottoman vassal, Đurađ was forced to send an army to participate in the siege of Constantinople (1453). Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror did not tell Đurađ his intentions, but said that the cavalry would travel to Karaman
Karaman
Karaman is a town in south central Turkey, located north of the Taurus Mountains, about south of Konya. It is the capital district of the Karaman Province. According to 2000 census, the population of the province is 231 872 of which 132,064 live in the town of Karaman. The district covers an area...
. The sultan slaughtered civilians on his way to Constantinople, which he quickly besieged, Duke Jakša hearing of this, wanted to return but was warned that if they would not continue, the Sultan would destroy the Serbs. The cavalry reached the fallen Constantinople, which had been the cradle of Southeastern Christianity and culture, up until now serving as the capital of the Byzantine Empire
Byzantine Empire
The Byzantine Empire was the Eastern Roman Empire during the periods of Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, centred on the capital of Constantinople. Known simply as the Roman Empire or Romania to its inhabitants and neighbours, the Empire was the direct continuation of the Ancient Roman State...
. The event is recorded in the writings of Konstantin Mihailović
Konstantin Mihailovic
Konstantin Mihailović was a Serbian who served as a Janissary during the 15th century for the Ottoman Empire. Born in the village of Ostrovica, near Novo Brdo around 1430 , Mihailović is remembered for having kept memoirs of his service and in doing so he allowed a unique insight into life in the...
, who was in the army of Jakša.
Stefan and Dmitar Jakšić, the sons of Jakša (hence Jakšići), left Jagodina
Jagodina
Jagodina is a city and municipality located in central Serbia, 136 km south of Belgrade, on the banks of Belica River. Its name stems from the word for strawberry in Serbian. It is the administrative centre of the Pomoravlje District of Serbia...
with 1200 warriors for Hungary. They were hospitably received by Matthias Corvinus, who gave them Nădlac
Nadlac
Nădlac is a town in western Romania, Arad County. A former part of the town lies across the border with Hungary; this village is called Nagylak. An international border town, Nădlac is the main border crossing into western Romania from Hungary. It is also a centre of the Lutheran Slovakian...
(Nagylak
Nagylak
Nagylak is a village in Csongrád county, in the Southern Great Plain region of southern Hungary.-Geography:It covers an area of and in 2002 had a population of 619....
) and estates around Moriš
Moris
-Given name:* Moris Carrozzieri , Italian football defender* Moris Farhi , vice-president of International PEN* Moris Pfeifhofer , Swiss figure skater* Moris Tepper , American musician...
, to rule as vassals in 1464. The operations of the Serbian nobles in Slovakia
Slovakia
The Slovak Republic is a landlocked state in Central Europe. It has a population of over five million and an area of about . Slovakia is bordered by the Czech Republic and Austria to the west, Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east and Hungary to the south...
against Germany and Poland in the second half of the 15th century, were hugely successful and as such were lavishly celebrated. Dmitar held dozens of settlements of Pomorišje
Pomorišje
Pomorišje is a historical geographical region on the banks of the river Mureş that in the past has had a sizable ethnic Serb population. The region is mostly divided between Romania and Hungary, with small part of it in northern Serbia...
, and with his cavalry detachment hidden in the woods and great skill and courage, he led victories against the Polish armies at Humenné and Michalovce in 1473. Dmitar was the general of King Matthias in a battle of Košice
Košice
Košice is a city in eastern Slovakia. It is situated on the river Hornád at the eastern reaches of the Slovak Ore Mountains, near the border with Hungary...
in 1474, of which he has been celebrated of in Serbian epic poetry
Serbian epic poetry
Serb epic poetry is a form of epic poetry written by Serbs originating in today's Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia and Montenegro. The main cycles were composed by unknown Serb authors between the 14th and 19th centuries...
. In 1476, Dmitar took part in the battle of Pančevo
Pancevo
Pančevo is a city and municipality located in the southern part of Serbian province of Vojvodina, 15 km northeast from Belgrade. In 2002, the city had a total population of 77,087, while municipality of Pančevo had 127,162 inhabitants. It is the administrative center of the South Banat...
, alongside Despot Vuk Grgurević
Vuk Grgurevic
Vuk Grgurević Branković , also known as Vuk the Fiery Dragon , was the titular Despot of Serbia from 1471 until his death in 1485...
. In 1479, Dmitar participated in the Battle of Breadfield
Battle of Breadfield
The Battle of Breadfield was the most tremendous conflict fought in Transylvania up to that time in the Hungarian-Turkish Wars taking place on October 13, 1479, on the Breadfield Zsibód near the Maros River...
with some 900 Serbs, the outcome was a decisive Hungarian victory. Dmitar is remembered as one of the most distinguished generals of the Black Army of Hungary
Black Army of Hungary
The Black Army , "Black Legion" or "Regiment"—possibly named after their black armor panoply, see below) is, in historiography, the common name given to the military forces serving under the reign of King Matthias Corvinus of Hungary...
, which was primarily composed of Bohemians and Serbs. The brothers had rose in the ranks of barons through their military service, as did Vuk, Ladislaus Egervari, Paul Kinizsi and many more.
The son of Dmitar, Stefan, is remembered for his victory in a duel against a Polish swashbuckler
Swashbuckler
Swashbuckler or swasher is a term that emerged in the 16th century and has been used for rough, noisy and boastful swordsmen ever since. A possible explanation for this term is that it derives from a fighting style using a side-sword with a buckler in the off-hand, which was applied with much...
that resulted in the withdrawal of the Polish army. The next year another battle is fought at Košice between Polish King Albert and Hungarian King Vladislav. The Hungarian victory was largely due to the Serbian bands led by Miloš Velmužević and the Jakšić brothers.
In his last fights against the Ottomans in 1501, Miloš Velmužević was deadly injured, and lost his one and only son. He wrote a testament, in the presence of monk Timotija of Chilandar, where he gave his properties to his daughter Milica, who was married to Stefan Jakšić. This document is the oldest known testament of Serbs in Hungary.
Despot Vuk, Dmitar Jakšić, and his son Jovan Jakšić, took part in the campaign of King Matthias against the Turks in 1481, when the Christian army arrived at Kruševac
Kruševac
Kruševac is a city and municipality, and the administrative center of the Rasina District, in central Serbia. According to the 2011 census, the municipality has a population of 127,429, while the town has 57,627....
. Jovan's detachment liberated Golubac
Golubac
Golubac is a village and municipality in north-eastern Serbia, on the right side of the Danube river. It is bordered by Romania to the east, Veliko Gradište to the west and Kučevo to the south...
. With the retreat from Serbia, some 110,000 Serbs joined up, settling in the vicinity of Timişoara
Timisoara
Timișoara is the capital city of Timiș County, in western Romania. One of the largest Romanian cities, with an estimated population of 311,586 inhabitants , and considered the informal capital city of the historical region of Banat, Timișoara is the main social, economic and cultural center in the...
. Dmitar, on his way back from Turkey as a deputy of the King at the Sultan's court, was attacked and seriously wounded near Smederevo
Smederevo
Smederevo is a city and municipality in Serbia, on the right bank of the Danube, about 40 km downstream of the capital Belgrade. According to official results of the 2011 census, the city has a population of 107,528...
. He died from his wounds on November 8, 1486, while his brother Stefan died in 1489. Marko Jakšić, the son of Stefan, took part in the Battle of Mohács
Battle of Mohács
The Battle of Mohács was fought on August 29, 1526 near Mohács, Hungary. In the battle, forces of the Kingdom of Hungary led by King Louis II of Hungary and Bohemia were defeated by forces of the Ottoman Empire led by Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent....
in 1526.
In May 1514, an uprising was instigated by György Dózsa
György Dózsa
György Dózsa was a Székely Hungarian man-at-arms from Transylvania, Kingdom of Hungary who led a peasants' revolt against the kingdom's landed nobility...
against the Landed nobility
Landed nobility
Landed nobility is a category of nobility in various countries over the history, for which landownership was part of their noble privileges. Their character depends on the country.*Landed gentry is the landed nobility in the United Kingdom and Ireland....
. The uprising spread over a great part of south Hungary, over Banat
Banat
The Banat is a geographical and historical region in Central Europe currently divided between three countries: the eastern part lies in western Romania , the western part in northeastern Serbia , and a small...
, Bačka
Backa
Bačka is a geographical area within the Pannonian plain bordered by the river Danube to the west and south, and by the river Tisza to the east of which confluence is located near Titel...
to Syrmia
Syrmia
Syrmia is a fertile region of the Pannonian Plain in Europe, between the Danube and Sava rivers. It is divided between Serbia in the east and Croatia in the west....
. It affected a part of Serbs, the properties of the Jakšić brothers in Nădlac was destroyed and a part of the former Despot's. The greater part of Hungarian Serbs aided the royalty and nobility against the kurucs.
The last nobility as ktetors of Chilandar, were the Jakšići. Despotissa Angelina Branković asked Vasili III for help to Chilandar. The Chilandar clerics had in the mid 16th century asked Emperor Ivan IV for protection and material aid. Ivan the Terrible became the new ktetor of Chilandar, he was the great-grandson of Stefan Jakšić. The last nobleman died in 1543.
Serbian epic poetrySerbian epic poetrySerb epic poetry is a form of epic poetry written by Serbs originating in today's Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia and Montenegro. The main cycles were composed by unknown Serb authors between the 14th and 19th centuries...
Post-Kosovo cycle.
- Dioba Jakšića
- Dioba Jakšića (iz Crne Gore)
- Jakšići kušaju svoje ljube
- Jakšićima dvori poharani
- Ženidba Jakšića Mitra (iz Sinja)
- Ženidba Jakšića Mitra (iz Srema)
- Ženidba Teodora Jakšića
- Ropstvo i Ženidba Jakšića Šćepana
- Dva Jakšića i sestra im Jela
Geneaology
- Jakša Brežičić, voivode of DespotDespotDespot may refer to:* Despot , a Byzantine court title* Despotism, a form of government in which power is concentrated in the hands of an individual or a small groupPeople with the surname Despot:...
Đurađ Branković.- Stefan Jakšić (?-1489), married Milica, the daughter of voivode Miloš Belmužević
- Dmitar Jakšić, died young.
- Stefan Jakšić,
- Marko Jakšić (?-1537), married Poliksena
- Stefan Jakšić,
- Jovana Jakšić, married to Mihailo Bakić (1536)
- Jelisaveta Jakšić, married Nikola of Dóc (Dóczy Miklós).
- Marija Jakšić, married Koloman Artandi (Ártándy Kelemen)
- Milica (Potencija) Jakšić, married Jovan Kendefi.
- Margita Jakšić, married Božidar Patočija.
- Sholastika Jakšić, married Vladislav Zelemiri.
- Ana Jakšić, married Bánffy Gáspár, then Kendy Antal.
- Ana Jakšić, married Vasili Lvovich Glinsky
- Elena GlinskayaElena GlinskayaElena Vasilyevna Glinskaya April 1538, Moscow) was the second wife of Grand Prince Vasili III and regent of Russia for 5 years .- Background :...
, married Vasili III Ivanovich- Ivan the Terrible, Grand Prince of MoscowGrand Prince of MoscowThis is a list of Princes and Grand Princes of Russian Grand Duchy of Moscow.Note: the first 3 Princes are not members of the family of Daniel of Russia and their ownership of Moscow is disputed.- Princes of Moscow :* Vladimir Yuryevich This is a list of Princes and Grand Princes of Russian Grand...
1547–1584
- Ivan the Terrible, Grand Prince of Moscow
- Elena Glinskaya
- Jelena Jakšić, married DespotDespotDespot may refer to:* Despot , a Byzantine court title* Despotism, a form of government in which power is concentrated in the hands of an individual or a small groupPeople with the surname Despot:...
Jovan BrankovićJovan BrankovićJovan Branković was the titular Despot of Serbia from 1496 until his death in 1502. He held the title of despot given to him by Vladislas II of Hungary, and ruled a region known as Racszag under the Kingdom of Hungary...
, then Jovan Berislavić - Irina Jakšić, married HerzogHerzogHerzog may refer to:* Herzog , German title of nobility* The surname Herzog, derived from the above-Athletes:* Andreas Herzog , Austrian soccer player* Dieter Herzog , German soccer player* Whitey Herzog , U.S...
Matija Hercegović Kosača.
- Dmitar Jakšić (?-1486), married Jelena Branković
- Jovan Jakšić
- Dmitar Jakšić (?-1510)
- Petar Jakšić, married Katarina (Csáki Katalin).
- Dmitar Jakšić (?-1539)
- Nikola Jakšić (?-1539)
- Jovan Jakšić (?-1543)
- Đorđe Jakšić
- Stefan Jakšić (?-1489), married Milica, the daughter of voivode Miloš Belmužević
Sources
- Serbian Wikisource, Родословне таблице (А. Ивић)
- Serb epic poetry library
- p. 182 (in German)