Israeli legislative election, 1992
Encyclopedia
Elections for the thirteenth Knesset were held in Israel
on 23 June 1992. The result was a victory for the left, led by Yitzhak Rabin
's Labor Party, though their win was at least partially due to several small right-wing parties narrowly failing to cross the electoral threshold
and thus effectively wasting votes for the right. Voter turnout was 77.4%.
1 Two MKs left the Labor Party to establish the Third Way
, whilst Nava Arad
also left the party.
2 Two MKs left Likud to establish Gesher, whilst Efraim Gur
also left the party.
3 Three MKs left Tzomet to establish Yiud
. One MK then left Yiud to establish Atid
.
4 Yosef Azran
left Shas.
5 United Torah Judaism split into Agudat Yisrael (two seats) and Degel HaTorah
(two seats).
6 One MK left Moldet to establish Yamin Yisrael, whilst Yosef Ba-Gad
also left the party.
formed the twenty-fifth government
on 13 July 1992, including Meretz and Shas in his coalition, which had 17 ministers. Hadash and the Arab Democratic Party also supported the government despite not being coalition members. Shas left the coalition in September 1993, and Yiud joined in January 1995.
Rabin's government advanced the peace process to unprecedented levels; the Oslo Accords
were signed with Yasser Arafat
's PLO
in 1993 and the Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace
in 1994. The government's willingness to make peace with Syria
and concede the Golan Heights led to Avigdor Kahalani
and Emanuel Zisman
leaving the party to form the Third Way
.
After Rabin's assassination
on 4 November 1995, Shimon Peres
took over as Prime Minister
and formed a new government
on 22 November 1995. His coalition was the same as before; Labor, Meretz and Yiud. Peres called early elections
in 1996 in order to seek a mandate to continue the peace process, in which he lost.
Israel
The State of Israel is a parliamentary republic located in the Middle East, along the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea...
on 23 June 1992. The result was a victory for the left, led by Yitzhak Rabin
Yitzhak Rabin
' was an Israeli politician, statesman and general. He was the fifth Prime Minister of Israel, serving two terms in office, 1974–77 and 1992 until his assassination in 1995....
's Labor Party, though their win was at least partially due to several small right-wing parties narrowly failing to cross the electoral threshold
Election threshold
In party-list proportional representation systems, an election threshold is a clause that stipulates that a party must receive a minimum percentage of votes, either nationally or within a particular district, to obtain any seats in the parliament...
and thus effectively wasting votes for the right. Voter turnout was 77.4%.
Results
| Party | Votes | % | Seats | +/- |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Labor Party 1 | 906,810 | 34.7 | 44 | |
| Likud Likud Likud is the major center-right political party in Israel. It was founded in 1973 by Menachem Begin in an alliance with several right-wing and liberal parties. Likud's victory in the 1977 elections was a major turning point in the country's political history, marking the first time the left had... 2 |
651,229 | 24.9 | 32 | |
| Meretz Meretz-Yachad New Movement-Meretz , previously known as Meretz, then Yachad, and then Meretz-Yachad is a left-wing, Zionist, social democratic political party in Israel.... |
250,667 | 9.6 | 12 | |
| Tzomet Tzomet Tzomet is a small secular, right-wing political party in Israel.-Ideology:The party was the one who first brought the "peace for peace" slogan, which today is used by all Israeli right wing parties and movements... 3 |
166,366 | 6.4 | 8 | |
| National Religious Party National Religious Party The National Religious Party ) was a political party in Israel representing the religious Zionist movement. Formed in 1956, at the time of its dissolution in 2008, it was the second oldest surviving party in the country after Agudat Yisrael, and was part of every government coalition until 1992... |
129,663 | 5.0 | 6 | |
| Shas Shas Shas is an ultra-orthodox religious political party in Israel, primarily representing Sephardic and Mizrahi Haredi Judaism.Shas was founded in 1984 by dissident members of the Ashkenazi dominated Agudat Israel, to represent the interests of religiously observant Sephardic and Mizrahi ... 4 |
129,347 | 4.9 | 6 | 0 |
| United Torah Judaism United Torah Judaism United Torah Judaism is an alliance of Degel HaTorah and Agudat Israel, two small Israeli Haredi political parties in the Knesset. It was first formed in 1992.The two parties have not always agreed with each other about policy matters... 5 |
86,167 | 3.3 | 4 | |
| Hadash Hadash Hadash is a Jewish and Arab socialist front of organizations that runs for the Israeli parliament. It currently has four members in the 120-seat Knesset.-Background:... |
62,545 | 2.4 | 3 | |
| Moledet Moledet Moledet is a small right-wing political party in Israel. It advocates the notion of encouraging voluntary population transfer of the Arab population of the West Bank. Moledet was founded in 1988 by Rehavam Ze'evi, who headed it until his assassination by members of the PFLP in 2001, after which... 6 |
62,269 | 2.4 | 3 | |
| Arab Democratic Party Arab Democratic Party (Israel) The Arab Democratic Party commonly known in Israel by its Hebrew acroynym Mada was a political party in Israel. Since the late 1990s it has been a faction within the United Arab List.-Background:... |
40,788 | 1.6 | 2 | |
| Tehiya Tehiya Tehiya , originally known as Banai , then Tehiya-Bnai , was a small right-wing political party in Israel that existed from 1979 until 1992... |
31,957 | 1.2 | 0 | |
| Progressive List for Peace Progressive List for Peace The Progressive List for Peace was a left-wing political party in Israel formed from an alliance of both Arab and Jewish left-wing activists.-History:... |
24,181 | 0.9 | 0 | |
| New Liberal Party New Liberal Party (Israel) The New Liberal Party was a political party in Israel in the early 1990s.-Background:The party was formed on 15 March 1990 during the twelfth Knesset by five MKs who had broken away from Likud... |
16,669 | 0.6 | 0 | New |
| Geulat Yisrael | 12,851 | 0.5 | 0 | New |
| Da Da (political party) The Movement for Democracy and Aliyah , commonly known as Da , was a minor Israeli political party founded by immigrants from the former Soviet Union in the early 1990s.-History:... |
11,697 | 0.4 | 0 | New |
| Yad BeYad | 8,327 | 0.3 | 0 | New |
| Movement for Mortgage Affected, Homeless and Demobilised Soldiers | 5,962 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Pikanti | 3,750 | 0.1 | 0 | New |
| Torah VeAretz Moshe Levinger Rabbi Moshe Levinger is an Israeli Religious Zionist who since 1967 has been a leading figure in the movement to settle Jews in the territories occupied by Israel during the 1967 Six-Day War... |
3,708 | 0.1 | 0 | New |
| On Wheels | 3,355 | 0.1 | 0 | New |
| Women's Party Women's Party (Israel) The Women's Party was a minor political party in Israel.-Background:The party was established prior to the 1977 elections, with the founders including Israeli-American Marcia Freedman. Freedman had been an MK for Ratz in the eighth Knesset, but had broken away with Aryeh Eliav to form the... |
2,886 | 0.1 | 0 | New |
| Hatikva Charlie Biton Charlie-Shalom Biton is a former Israeli politician who served as a member of the Knesset for Hadash and the Black Panthers between 1977 and 1992.-Biography:Born in Casablanca in Morocco, Biton made aliyah to Israel in 1949 at the age of two... |
2,053 | 0.1 | 0 | New |
| Natural Law Party | 1,734 | 0.1 | 0 | New |
| Tali | 1,336 | 0.1 | 0 | New |
| Tzipor | 523 | 0.0 | 0 | New |
| Invalid/blank votes | 21,102 | |||
| Total | 2,637,943 | 100 | 120 | 0 |
| Source: Nohlen et al | ||||
1 Two MKs left the Labor Party to establish the Third Way
Third Way (Israel)
The Third Way was a political party in Israel in the 1990s.- Background :The party was formed on 7 March 1996 towards the end of the thirteenth Knesset's term when two MKs, Avigdor Kahalani and Emanuel Zisman, broke away from the Labour Party...
, whilst Nava Arad
Nava Arad
Nava Arad is an Israeli former politician who served as a member of the Knesset between 1981 and 1992, and again from 1995 until 1996.-Biography:...
also left the party.
2 Two MKs left Likud to establish Gesher, whilst Efraim Gur
Efraim Gur
Efraim Gur is an Israeli former politician who served as a member of the Knesset between 1988 and 1996, and as Deputy Minister of Communications and Deputy Minister of Transportation in the early 1990s.-Biography:...
also left the party.
3 Three MKs left Tzomet to establish Yiud
Yiud
Yiud was a small, short-lived political faction in Israel in the mid-1990s.-Background:The faction was formed on 7 February 1994 during the 13th Knesset when three MKs, Alex Goldfarb, Esther Salmovitz and Gonen Segev broke away from Tzomet, following a disagreement with the party's leader, Rafael...
. One MK then left Yiud to establish Atid
Atid (political party)
Atid was a short-lived political faction in Israel in the mid-1990s. It is not related to the modern Atid Ehad party.-Background:The faction was established on 27 November 1995 during the 13th Knesset as a breakaway from Yiud, itself a breakaway from Tzomet following disagreements between party...
.
4 Yosef Azran
Yosef Azran
Yosef Azran was an Israeli rabbi and politician who served as a member of the Knesset between 1988 and 1996, and as Deputy Minister of Finance from 1990 until 1992.-Biography:...
left Shas.
5 United Torah Judaism split into Agudat Yisrael (two seats) and Degel HaTorah
Degel HaTorah
Degel HaTorah is an Ashkenazi Haredi political party in Israel. For much of its existence it has been allied to Agudat Yisrael under the name United Torah Judaism.-Ideology:...
(two seats).
6 One MK left Moldet to establish Yamin Yisrael, whilst Yosef Ba-Gad
Yosef Ba-Gad
Yosef Ba-Gad is an Israeli former Rosh Yeshiva and politician who served as a member of the Knesset between 1992 and 1996.-Biography:Ba-Gad was born in the Jerusalem neighbourhood of Motza in Palestine. He attended Yeshivat Hebron and gained an MA from Bar-Ilan University, before working as head...
also left the party.
The Thirteenth Knesset
Labour's Yitzhak RabinYitzhak Rabin
' was an Israeli politician, statesman and general. He was the fifth Prime Minister of Israel, serving two terms in office, 1974–77 and 1992 until his assassination in 1995....
formed the twenty-fifth government
Twenty-fifth government of Israel
The twenty-fifth government of Israel was formed by Yitzhak Rabin of the Labor Party on 13 July 1992, after the party's victory in the June elections. The coalition also contained the new Meretz party and Shas, and held 62 of the 120 seats in the Knesset...
on 13 July 1992, including Meretz and Shas in his coalition, which had 17 ministers. Hadash and the Arab Democratic Party also supported the government despite not being coalition members. Shas left the coalition in September 1993, and Yiud joined in January 1995.
Rabin's government advanced the peace process to unprecedented levels; the Oslo Accords
Oslo Accords
The Oslo Accords, officially called the Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangements or Declaration of Principles , was an attempt to resolve the ongoing Palestinian-Israeli conflict...
were signed with Yasser Arafat
Yasser Arafat
Mohammed Yasser Abdel Rahman Abdel Raouf Arafat al-Qudwa al-Husseini , popularly known as Yasser Arafat or by his kunya Abu Ammar , was a Palestinian leader and a Laureate of the Nobel Prize. He was Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization , President of the Palestinian National Authority...
's PLO
Palestine Liberation Organization
The Palestine Liberation Organization is a political and paramilitary organization which was created in 1964. It is recognized as the "sole legitimate representative of the Palestinian people" by the United Nations and over 100 states with which it holds diplomatic relations, and has enjoyed...
in 1993 and the Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace
Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace
The Israel–Jordan Treaty of Peace was signed in 1994. The treaty normalized relations between the two countries and resolved territorial disputes. The conflict had cost roughly US$18.3 billion...
in 1994. The government's willingness to make peace with Syria
Syria
Syria , officially the Syrian Arab Republic , is a country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the West, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south, and Israel to the southwest....
and concede the Golan Heights led to Avigdor Kahalani
Avigdor Kahalani
Brigadier-General Avigdor Kahalani is a former Israeli soldier and politician.-Background:Kahalani was born in Ness Ziona during the Mandate era. He studied at Tel Aviv University, gaining a B.A. in History, before going on to Haifa University, where he studied for an M.A. in Political Science...
and Emanuel Zisman
Emanuel Zisman
Emanuel Zisman was an Israeli politician and ambassador. He served as a member of the Knesset between 1988 and 1999.-Biography:...
leaving the party to form the Third Way
Third Way (Israel)
The Third Way was a political party in Israel in the 1990s.- Background :The party was formed on 7 March 1996 towards the end of the thirteenth Knesset's term when two MKs, Avigdor Kahalani and Emanuel Zisman, broke away from the Labour Party...
.
After Rabin's assassination
Assassination of Yitzhak Rabin
The assassination of Yitzhak Rabin took place on November 4, 1995 at 21:30, at the end of a rally in support of the Oslo Accords at the Kings of Israel Square in Tel Aviv...
on 4 November 1995, Shimon Peres
Shimon Peres
GCMG is the ninth President of the State of Israel. Peres served twice as the eighth Prime Minister of Israel and once as Interim Prime Minister, and has been a member of 12 cabinets in a political career spanning over 66 years...
took over as Prime Minister
Prime Minister of Israel
The Prime Minister of Israel is the head of the Israeli government and the most powerful political figure in Israel . The prime minister is the country's chief executive. The official residence of the prime minister, Beit Rosh Hamemshala is in Jerusalem...
and formed a new government
Twenty-sixth government of Israel
The twenty-sixth government of Israel was formed by Shimon Peres of the Labor Party on 22 November 1995, following the assassination of Yitzhak Rabin on 4 November. Peres kept the same coalition as previously, namely the Labor Party, Meretz and Yiud, which together held only 58 of the 120 seats in...
on 22 November 1995. His coalition was the same as before; Labor, Meretz and Yiud. Peres called early elections
Israeli legislative election, 1996
Elections for the fourteenth Knesset were held in Israel on 29 May 1996. Voter turnout was 79.3%.The 1996 elections included two new changes, both designed to increase the stability of the Knesset. First, the Prime Minister was to be elected on a separate ballot from the remaining members of the...
in 1996 in order to seek a mandate to continue the peace process, in which he lost.
External links
- Historical overview of the Thirteenth Knesset Knesset website
- Election results Knesset website