Inner City Broadcasting Corporation
Encyclopedia
The Inner City Broadcasting Corporation ("ICBC") is an American
media company based in New York City
. ICBC is notable for being one of the first broadcasting companies wholly owned by black people
. The firm is the second-largest broadcasting company owned by and targeting blacks, after Lanham, Maryland
-based Radio One.
, an attorney and president of the New York borough
of Manhattan
; and Clarence Jones
, a former publisher of the New York Amsterdam News. Sutton and Jones were joined by over fifty shareholders including legendary disk jockey Hal Jackson
; Sutton's fellow "Gang of Four
" member David Dinkins
, who would later become New York's first black mayor
; Wilbert (Bill) Tatum
, who succeeded Jones as publisher of the Amsterdam News; future New York state senator and comptroller Carl McCall
; and Betty Shabazz
, the widow of Black Muslim
minister and civil rights
leader Malcolm X
. Dorothy Brunson
, who would later become the first black woman to wholly own an American radio station, was an executive at the company during its early years.
WLIB
, owned by brothers Harry and Morris S. Novik
and programmed to New York's Black community, was Inner City's first purchase. The sale included a clause to later acquire sister station WLIB-FM, which was renamed WBLS
; Inner City exercised the clause two years later. While WLIB continued largely as a talk radio outlet, WBLS's format transitioned from jazz to R&B
music. WBLS experienced a period of great success during the late 1970s and early 1980s as it pioneered the urban contemporary
format, and the profile of Inner City rose with it.
Inner City later purchased radio stations in the Los Angeles
area, Detroit
, San Antonio, Texas
(co-founder Percy Sutton's hometown), Philadelphia
, Pittsburgh
, Columbia, South Carolina
and Jackson, Mississippi
. Inner City also owned a variety of other media assets, including two cable television joint ventures with Time Warner
in New York City and Philadelphia. Perhaps most notably, the company was given the task of running and reviving the Apollo Theater
in New York's Harlem. Inner City Broadcasting was also co-producer of the syndicated television
variety series It's Showtime at the Apollo.
of Inner City Broadcasting, though he remained as chairman emeritus until his death in 2009. He was succeeded by his son Pierre Sutton, who continues to serve in that capacity.
In 1999 Inner City lost control of the Apollo Theatre after an investigation by the New York State Attorney General's office (completed by Eliot Spitzer
) found that members of the nonprofit Apollo Theatre Foundation, led by Charles Rangel, retained revenues generated by production of It's Showtime at the Apollo. The final decision resulted in Rangel stepping down as chairman of the foundation; he was replaced by actor Ossie Davis
. Time Warner took over operating control of the theatre as part of the final decision.
In August 2004, ICBC redeemed nearly $140 million accreted value of redeemable preferred stock in a recapitalization led by GE Capital and Alta Communications, a Boston-based private equity firm.
By 2006 Inner City had sold or otherwise disposed of the majority of its investments outside of its core radio stations. The last remaining investment, Urban Cable Works of Philadelphia, L.P. (“Urban Cable”), was sold on November 22, 2005 to Time Warner Cable, Inc. ("TWC"). TWC purchased the 60% interest in Urban Cable for $51 million in cash, net of cash acquired, and the assumption of $44 million of Urban Cable’s third-party debt. During 2004, TWC Inc. made cash payments of $34 million to Inner City to settle certain disputes regarding the joint venture.
On August 22, 2011, Inner City's creditors petitioned the United States Bankruptcy Court
to force the firm to declare Chapter 11 bankruptcy
on grounds that the company's executives failed to accept a buyout offer. A filing could result in majority control of Inner City being taken over by Ron Burkle's Yucaipa Companies, and basketball legend Earvin "Magic" Johnson's Magic Johnson Enterprises
.
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
media company based in New York City
New York City
New York is the most populous city in the United States and the center of the New York Metropolitan Area, one of the most populous metropolitan areas in the world. New York exerts a significant impact upon global commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and...
. ICBC is notable for being one of the first broadcasting companies wholly owned by black people
Black people
The term black people is used in systems of racial classification for humans of a dark skinned phenotype, relative to other racial groups.Different societies apply different criteria regarding who is classified as "black", and often social variables such as class, socio-economic status also plays a...
. The firm is the second-largest broadcasting company owned by and targeting blacks, after Lanham, Maryland
Lanham, Maryland
Lanham is an unincorporated community in Prince George's County in the State of Maryland in the United States of America. Because it is not formally incorporated, it has no official boundaries, but the United States Census Bureau has defined a census-designated place consisting of Lanham and the...
-based Radio One.
History
Inner City was founded in 1970 by a group of prominent New York City-based blacks active in business and civic affairs. They were led by Percy SuttonPercy Sutton
Percy Ellis Sutton was a prominent black American political and business leader. A civil-rights activist and lawyer, he was also a Freedom Rider and the legal representative for Malcolm X...
, an attorney and president of the New York borough
Borough president
Borough President is an elective office in each of the five boroughs of New York City.-Reasons for establishment:...
of Manhattan
Manhattan
Manhattan is the oldest and the most densely populated of the five boroughs of New York City. Located primarily on the island of Manhattan at the mouth of the Hudson River, the boundaries of the borough are identical to those of New York County, an original county of the state of New York...
; and Clarence Jones
Clarence Benjamin Jones
Clarence B. Jones is the former personal counsel, advisor, draft speech writer and close friend of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. He is a Scholar in Residence at the Martin Luther King, Jr. Institute at Stanford University...
, a former publisher of the New York Amsterdam News. Sutton and Jones were joined by over fifty shareholders including legendary disk jockey Hal Jackson
Hal Jackson
Harold Baron Jackson is an American disk jockey and radio personality who broke a number of color barriers in American radio broadcasting.-Early years:Jackson was born in Charleston, South Carolina and grew up in Washington, D.C...
; Sutton's fellow "Gang of Four
Gang of Four (Harlem)
The Gang of Four, also known as the Harlem Clubhouse, was an African-American political coalition from Harlem whose members later ascended to top political posts. It is named after the Gang of Four of China...
" member David Dinkins
David Dinkins
David Norman Dinkins is a former politician from New York City. He was the Mayor of New York City from 1990 through 1993; he was the first and is, to date, the only African American to hold that office.-Early life:...
, who would later become New York's first black mayor
Mayor of New York City
The Mayor of the City of New York is head of the executive branch of New York City's government. The mayor's office administers all city services, public property, police and fire protection, most public agencies, and enforces all city and state laws within New York City.The budget overseen by the...
; Wilbert (Bill) Tatum
Wilbert Tatum
Wilbert "Bill" Tatum was an American newspaper executive who variously served as the editor, publisher, chairman and chief executive officer of the New York Amsterdam News, a weekly newspaper that serves the African American community of New York City.-Early years:Wilbert Arnold Tatum was born in...
, who succeeded Jones as publisher of the Amsterdam News; future New York state senator and comptroller Carl McCall
Carl McCall
Herman Carl McCall is a former Comptroller of New York State and was the Democratic candidate for state governor in 2002. He is an ordained minister in the United Church of Christ, and currently serves on the Board of Directors for numerous corporations. He received a B.A. degree from Dartmouth...
; and Betty Shabazz
Betty Shabazz
Betty Shabazz , born Betty Dean Sanders and also known as Betty X, was an American educator and civil rights advocate. She was the wife of Malcolm X....
, the widow of Black Muslim
Nation of Islam
The Nation of Islam is a mainly African-American new religious movement founded in Detroit, Michigan by Wallace D. Fard Muhammad in July 1930 to improve the spiritual, mental, social, and economic condition of African-Americans in the United States of America. The movement teaches black pride and...
minister and civil rights
Civil rights
Civil and political rights are a class of rights that protect individuals' freedom from unwarranted infringement by governments and private organizations, and ensure one's ability to participate in the civil and political life of the state without discrimination or repression.Civil rights include...
leader Malcolm X
Malcolm X
Malcolm X , born Malcolm Little and also known as El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz , was an African American Muslim minister and human rights activist. To his admirers he was a courageous advocate for the rights of African Americans, a man who indicted white America in the harshest terms for its...
. Dorothy Brunson
Dorothy Brunson
Dorothy Edwards Brunson was a notable African-American broadcaster.Between 1973 and 1979, Brunson was an executive with Inner City Broadcasting Corporation, which owned five radio stations including WLIB and WBLS in New York City.After leaving Inner City Broadcasting, Brunson was the first...
, who would later become the first black woman to wholly own an American radio station, was an executive at the company during its early years.
WLIB
WLIB
WLIB is an urban contemporary gospel AM radio station located in New York City. WLIB is owned by Inner City Broadcasting Corporation along with sister station WBLS...
, owned by brothers Harry and Morris S. Novik
Morris S. Novik
Morris S. Novik , an early pioneer in radio, is credited with being one of the first people to understand the potential that radio had for public service and education, especially with regard to the emerging labor movement throughout the U.S...
and programmed to New York's Black community, was Inner City's first purchase. The sale included a clause to later acquire sister station WLIB-FM, which was renamed WBLS
WBLS
WBLS is an urban adult contemporary FM radio station in New York City, operating on 107.5 MHz. WBLS is owned by Inner City Broadcasting Corporation along with sister station WLIB...
; Inner City exercised the clause two years later. While WLIB continued largely as a talk radio outlet, WBLS's format transitioned from jazz to R&B
Rhythm and blues
Rhythm and blues, often abbreviated to R&B, is a genre of popular African American music that originated in the 1940s. The term was originally used by record companies to describe recordings marketed predominantly to urban African Americans, at a time when "urbane, rocking, jazz based music with a...
music. WBLS experienced a period of great success during the late 1970s and early 1980s as it pioneered the urban contemporary
Urban contemporary
Urban contemporary is a music radio format. The term was coined by the late New York DJ Frankie Crocker in the mid 1970s. Urban contemporary radio stations feature a playlist made up entirely of hip hop/rap, contemporary R&B, pop, electronica such as dubstep and drum and bass and Caribbean music...
format, and the profile of Inner City rose with it.
Inner City later purchased radio stations in the Los Angeles
Los Angeles, California
Los Angeles , with a population at the 2010 United States Census of 3,792,621, is the most populous city in California, USA and the second most populous in the United States, after New York City. It has an area of , and is located in Southern California...
area, Detroit
Detroit, Michigan
Detroit is the major city among the primary cultural, financial, and transportation centers in the Metro Detroit area, a region of 5.2 million people. As the seat of Wayne County, the city of Detroit is the largest city in the U.S. state of Michigan and serves as a major port on the Detroit River...
, San Antonio, Texas
San Antonio, Texas
San Antonio is the seventh-largest city in the United States of America and the second-largest city within the state of Texas, with a population of 1.33 million. Located in the American Southwest and the south–central part of Texas, the city serves as the seat of Bexar County. In 2011,...
(co-founder Percy Sutton's hometown), Philadelphia
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Philadelphia is the largest city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and the county seat of Philadelphia County, with which it is coterminous. The city is located in the Northeastern United States along the Delaware and Schuylkill rivers. It is the fifth-most-populous city in the United States,...
, Pittsburgh
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Pittsburgh is the second-largest city in the US Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and the county seat of Allegheny County. Regionally, it anchors the largest urban area of Appalachia and the Ohio River Valley, and nationally, it is the 22nd-largest urban area in the United States...
, Columbia, South Carolina
Columbia, South Carolina
Columbia is the state capital and largest city in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The population was 129,272 according to the 2010 census. Columbia is the county seat of Richland County, but a portion of the city extends into neighboring Lexington County. The city is the center of a metropolitan...
and Jackson, Mississippi
Jackson, Mississippi
Jackson is the capital and the most populous city of the US state of Mississippi. It is one of two county seats of Hinds County ,. The population of the city declined from 184,256 at the 2000 census to 173,514 at the 2010 census...
. Inner City also owned a variety of other media assets, including two cable television joint ventures with Time Warner
Time Warner Cable
Time Warner Cable is an American cable television company that operates in 28 states and has 31 operating divisions...
in New York City and Philadelphia. Perhaps most notably, the company was given the task of running and reviving the Apollo Theater
Apollo Theater
The Apollo Theater in New York City is one of the most famous, and older, music halls in the United States, and the most famous club associated almost exclusively with Black performers...
in New York's Harlem. Inner City Broadcasting was also co-producer of the syndicated television
Television syndication
In broadcasting, syndication is the sale of the right to broadcast radio shows and television shows by multiple radio stations and television stations, without going through a broadcast network, though the process of syndication may conjure up structures like those of a network itself, by its very...
variety series It's Showtime at the Apollo.
Recent developments
In 1990 Percy Sutton retired as chairman of the boardChairman of the Board
The Chairman of the Board is a seat of office in an organization, especially of corporations.Chairman of the Board may also refer to:*Chairman of the Board , a 1998 film*Chairmen of the Board , a 1970s American soul music group...
of Inner City Broadcasting, though he remained as chairman emeritus until his death in 2009. He was succeeded by his son Pierre Sutton, who continues to serve in that capacity.
In 1999 Inner City lost control of the Apollo Theatre after an investigation by the New York State Attorney General's office (completed by Eliot Spitzer
Eliot Spitzer
Eliot Laurence Spitzer is an American lawyer, former Democratic Party politician, and political commentator. He was the co-host of In the Arena, a talk-show and punditry forum broadcast on CNN until CNN cancelled his show in July of 2011...
) found that members of the nonprofit Apollo Theatre Foundation, led by Charles Rangel, retained revenues generated by production of It's Showtime at the Apollo. The final decision resulted in Rangel stepping down as chairman of the foundation; he was replaced by actor Ossie Davis
Ossie Davis
Ossie Davis was an American film actor, director, poet, playwright, writer, and social activist.-Early years:...
. Time Warner took over operating control of the theatre as part of the final decision.
In August 2004, ICBC redeemed nearly $140 million accreted value of redeemable preferred stock in a recapitalization led by GE Capital and Alta Communications, a Boston-based private equity firm.
By 2006 Inner City had sold or otherwise disposed of the majority of its investments outside of its core radio stations. The last remaining investment, Urban Cable Works of Philadelphia, L.P. (“Urban Cable”), was sold on November 22, 2005 to Time Warner Cable, Inc. ("TWC"). TWC purchased the 60% interest in Urban Cable for $51 million in cash, net of cash acquired, and the assumption of $44 million of Urban Cable’s third-party debt. During 2004, TWC Inc. made cash payments of $34 million to Inner City to settle certain disputes regarding the joint venture.
On August 22, 2011, Inner City's creditors petitioned the United States Bankruptcy Court
United States bankruptcy court
United States bankruptcy courts are courts created under Article I of the United States Constitution. They function as units of the district courts and have subject-matter jurisdiction over bankruptcy cases. The federal district courts have original and exclusive jurisdiction over all cases arising...
to force the firm to declare Chapter 11 bankruptcy
Chapter 11, Title 11, United States Code
Chapter 11 is a chapter of the United States Bankruptcy Code, which permits reorganization under the bankruptcy laws of the United States. Chapter 11 bankruptcy is available to every business, whether organized as a corporation or sole proprietorship, and to individuals, although it is most...
on grounds that the company's executives failed to accept a buyout offer. A filing could result in majority control of Inner City being taken over by Ron Burkle's Yucaipa Companies, and basketball legend Earvin "Magic" Johnson's Magic Johnson Enterprises
Magic Johnson Enterprises
Magic Johnson Enterprises is a company owned by former basketball superstar Magic Johnson. It owns various movie theatres and restaurants in the United States, including several Starbucks, Sodexo, T.G.I. Friday's and Burger King locations...
.
Stations
| AM Stations | FM Stations |
Current
| DMA# | Market | Station | Owned Since | Current Format |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | New York City New York City New York is the most populous city in the United States and the center of the New York Metropolitan Area, one of the most populous metropolitan areas in the world. New York exerts a significant impact upon global commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and... |
WLIB WLIB WLIB is an urban contemporary gospel AM radio station located in New York City. WLIB is owned by Inner City Broadcasting Corporation along with sister station WBLS... -1190 |
1970 | Urban contemporary gospel Urban contemporary gospel Traditional black gospel is music that is written to express either personal or a communal belief regarding Christian life, as well as to give a Christian alternative to mainstream secular music... |
| 1972 | Urban adult contemporary Urban Adult Contemporary Urban adult contemporary is the name for a format of radio music, similar to an urban contemporary format. Radio stations using this format usually would not have rap music on their playlists. The format was designed by Barry Mayo when he, Lee S. Simonson and Bill Pearson organized Broadcast... |
|||
| 4. | San Francisco San Francisco, California San Francisco , officially the City and County of San Francisco, is the financial, cultural, and transportation center of the San Francisco Bay Area, a region of 7.15 million people which includes San Jose and Oakland... - Oakland Oakland, California Oakland is a major West Coast port city on San Francisco Bay in the U.S. state of California. It is the eighth-largest city in the state with a 2010 population of 390,724... |
KVTO KVTO KVTO is a radio station broadcasting a World Ethnic format. Licensed to Berkeley, California, USA, the station serves the San Francisco Bay Area... -1400 |
1979 | Ethnic (Chinese Chinese language The Chinese language is a language or language family consisting of varieties which are mutually intelligible to varying degrees. Originally the indigenous languages spoken by the Han Chinese in China, it forms one of the branches of Sino-Tibetan family of languages... ) |
| Ethnic (Vietnamese Vietnamese language Vietnamese is the national and official language of Vietnam. It is the mother tongue of 86% of Vietnam's population, and of about three million overseas Vietnamese. It is also spoken as a second language by many ethnic minorities of Vietnam... ) |
||||
| 1979 | Urban adult contemporary | |||
| 88. | Columbia, South Carolina Columbia, South Carolina Columbia is the state capital and largest city in the U.S. state of South Carolina. The population was 129,272 according to the 2010 census. Columbia is the county seat of Richland County, but a portion of the city extends into neighboring Lexington County. The city is the center of a metropolitan... |
WOIC WOIC WOIC is a News/Talk radio station licensed to Columbia, South Carolina. It serves the Columbia market. The Inner City Broadcasting outlet is licensed by the Federal Communications Commission to broadcast at 1230 kHz with an effective radiated power of 1 kW full time... -1230 |
2000 | Talk radio Talk radio Talk radio is a radio format containing discussion about topical issues. Most shows are regularly hosted by a single individual, and often feature interviews with a number of different guests. Talk radio typically includes an element of listener participation, usually by broadcasting live... |
| 2000 | Modern rock Modern rock Modern rock is a rock format commonly found on commercial radio; the format consists primarily of the alternative rock genre... |
|||
| 2003 | Urban contemporary Urban contemporary Urban contemporary is a music radio format. The term was coined by the late New York DJ Frankie Crocker in the mid 1970s. Urban contemporary radio stations feature a playlist made up entirely of hip hop/rap, contemporary R&B, pop, electronica such as dubstep and drum and bass and Caribbean music... |
|||
| 2000 | Classic rock Classic rock Classic rock is a radio format which developed from the album-oriented rock format in the early 1980s. In the United States, the classic rock format features music ranging generally from the late 1960s to the late 1980s, primarily focusing on the hard rock genre that peaked in popularity in the... |
|||
| WWDM WWDM WWDM is a Urban Adult Contemporary radio station licensed to Sumter, South Carolina and serves the Columbia, South Carolina market. The Inner City Broadcasting outlet is licensed by the Federal Communications Commission to broadcast at 101.3 MHz with an effective radiated power of 100 kW... -101.3 |
2000 | Urban adult contemporary | ||
| WZMJ WZMJ WZMJ is an all-sports station licensed to Batesburg, South Carolina and serves the Columbia, South Carolina market. The Inner City Broadcasting outlet is licensed by the Federal Communications Commission to broadcast at 93.1 MHz with an effective radiated power of 3 kW... -93.1 |
2003 | Sports talk (ESPN Radio ESPN Radio ESPN Radio is an American sports radio network. It was launched on January 1, 1992 under the original banner of "SportsRadio ESPN." ESPN Radio is located at ESPN headquarters in Bristol, Connecticut... ) |
||
| 121. | Jackson, Mississippi Jackson, Mississippi Jackson is the capital and the most populous city of the US state of Mississippi. It is one of two county seats of Hinds County ,. The population of the city declined from 184,256 at the 2000 census to 173,514 at the 2010 census... |
WJNT WJNT WJNT is a radio station licensed to Pearl, Mississippi. WJNT is currently owned by Inner City Broadcasting and its sister stations are WJMI, WKXI, WOAD, WZNO and WJQS... -1180 |
2006 | News News Radio News Radio can refer to:* NewsRadio, the NBC sitcom which aired from 1995–1999.* News radio, the all-news or news/talk radio format.... /Talk Talk radio Talk radio is a radio format containing discussion about topical issues. Most shows are regularly hosted by a single individual, and often feature interviews with a number of different guests. Talk radio typically includes an element of listener participation, usually by broadcasting live... |
| 2000 | Oldies music | |||
| 2000 | Urban contemporary gospel | |||
| 2000 | Urban contemporary | |||
| WKXI-FM WKXI-FM WKXI-FM is an Urban Adult Contemporary music formatted radio station licensed to Magee, Mississippi, but its studio is located in Ridgeland. The station is owned by Inner City Broadcasting Corporation, and is an affiliate of the Tom Joyner Morning Show.... -107.5 |
2000 | Urban adult contemporary | ||
| WZNO-105.9 | 2000 | Sports talk (ESPN Radio) | ||
Former
| DMA# | Market | Station | Years owned | Current ownership |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2. | Los Angeles Los Ángeles Los Ángeles is the capital of the province of Biobío, in the commune of the same name, in Region VIII , in the center-south of Chile. It is located between the Laja and Biobío rivers. The population is 123,445 inhabitants... |
KGFJ-1230 (now KYPA KYPA KYPA is a Korean-language radio station in Los Angeles, California. It is owned by Multicultural Broadcasting.KYPA is one of three radio stations in the greater Los Angeles area that broadcast entirely in Korean; the others are KMPC and KFOX.The format includes various shows that serve the largest... ) |
owned by Multicultural Broadcasting Multicultural Broadcasting Multicultural Broadcasting is a media company based in New York City founded by Chinese-American businessman Arthur Liu. Multicultural caters mostly to the Asian American community and owns television and radio stations in several of the top markets in multiple languages.-History:This company was... |
|
| KUTE-101.9 (now KSCA KSCA KSCA is a commercial radio station in Glendale, California, broadcasting to the Los Angeles, California, area on 101.9 FM. As of 2007 KSCA is the most listened to radio station in the Los Angeles Metro Area.... ) |
1979–1985 | owned by Univision Radio Univision Radio Univision Radio is the radio division of media giant Univision Communications, Inc., which also ownsthe Univision television network. The company was formerly known as Hispanic Broadcasting Corporation. It is the eighth largest radio company in the United States, and the largest Hispanic radio... |
||
| 7. | Philadelphia | WHAT WHAT (AM) El Zol 1340 is a commercial radio station located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, broadcasting on 1340 AM. The station is owned by Aztec Capital Partners, Inc.... -1340 |
2000–2006 | owned by Marconi Broadcasting |
| 11. | Detroit Detroit, Michigan Detroit is the major city among the primary cultural, financial, and transportation centers in the Metro Detroit area, a region of 5.2 million people. As the seat of Wayne County, the city of Detroit is the largest city in the U.S. state of Michigan and serves as a major port on the Detroit River... |
WLBS-102.7 (now WHTD WHTD WPZR is an urban gospel formatted radio station licensed to Mount Clemens, Michigan, and serving the Detroit metropolitan area... ) |
1979–1988 | owned by Radio One |
| 12. | Miami Miami, Florida Miami is a city located on the Atlantic coast in southeastern Florida and the county seat of Miami-Dade County, the most populous county in Florida and the eighth-most populous county in the United States with a population of 2,500,625... - Ft. Lauderdale Fort Lauderdale, Florida Fort Lauderdale is a city in the U.S. state of Florida, on the Atlantic coast. It is the county seat of Broward County. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 165,521. It is a principal city of the South Florida metropolitan area, which was home to 5,564,635 people at the 2010... - Hollywood, FL Hollywood, Florida -Demographics:As of 2000, there were 59,673 households out of which 24.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.5% were married couples living together, 11.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 42.2% were non-families. 34.4% of all households were made up of... |
WSRF-1580 | owned by Niche Radio, Inc. | |
| WSHE-103.5 (now WMIB) |
owned by Clear Channel Communications Clear Channel Communications Clear Channel Communications, Inc. is an American media conglomerate company headquartered in San Antonio, Texas. It was founded in 1972 by Lowry Mays and Red McCombs, and was taken private by Bain Capital LLC and Thomas H. Lee Partners LP in a leveraged buyout in 2008... |
|||
| 24. | Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Pittsburgh is the second-largest city in the US Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and the county seat of Allegheny County. Regionally, it anchors the largest urban area of Appalachia and the Ohio River Valley, and nationally, it is the 22nd-largest urban area in the United States... |
WURP-1550 (now WLFP) |
2000–2007 | owned by Business Talk Radio Network |
| 31. | San Antonio San Antonio, Texas San Antonio is the seventh-largest city in the United States of America and the second-largest city within the state of Texas, with a population of 1.33 million. Located in the American Southwest and the south–central part of Texas, the city serves as the seat of Bexar County. In 2011,... |
KSJL-760 | ||
| KSJL-FM-96.1 | ||||
| 106. | Fort Wayne Fort Wayne, Indiana Fort Wayne is a city in the US state of Indiana and the county seat of Allen County. The population was 253,691 at the 2010 Census making it the 74th largest city in the United States and the second largest in Indiana... |
WOWO WOWO Located in Fort Wayne, Indiana, WOWO is an independent news/talk radio station transmitting on 1190 kHz at 50,000 watts during the daylight hours and 9,800 watts during the nighttime hours. An application is on file with the Federal Communications Commission to add a fourth tower to the three... -1190 |
1994–1995 | owned by Pathfinder Communications Corporation |
| WOWO-FM-102.9 (now WGL-FM) |
1994 | owned by Summit City Radio | ||