Infante Enrique, Duke of Seville
Encyclopedia
Infante Enrique, Duke of Seville was a member of the House of Bourbon
, Spanish
Infante and Duke of Seville
, grandson of Charles IV of Spain
. He was known for his progressive, even revolutionary ideas during the reign of his cousin and sister-in-law, Isabella II of Spain
.
, Spain
fourth child and second son of Infante Francisco de Paula of Spain
(1794–1865), (son of Charles IV of Spain
and Princess Maria Luisa of Parma
) and his wife, Princess Luisa Carlotta of Naples and Sicily (1804–1844), (daughter of Francis I of the Two Sicilies
and Infanta María Isabella of Spain
).
Born in the Andalusia
n city of Seville, his uncle King Ferdinand VII granted him the title of Duke of Seville
, also in 1820 when he conferred the title of Duke of Cádiz
on his eldest brother Francisco de Asís (and, after his death a year later, on Francis. Enrique was baptized with the name Enrique María Fernando Carlos Francisco Luís and his godparents were his maternal aunt, Princess Marie Caroline, Duchess of Berry
, and her son, the Duke of Bordeaux, for whom he was named.
In 1833 the death of his uncle, Ferdinand VII, divided the court between supporters of the Princess of Asturias, now Queen Isabella II
, and their mutual uncle, Don Carlos
. Enrique's maternal aunt, Queen Dowager Maria Christina
, the widow of Ferdinand VII, would become the regent
of Spain from 1833 to 1840.
The second marriage of the Queen Regent with Agustín Fernando Muñoz y Sánchez in 1833 caused a disagreement between she and her sister, the Infanta Luisa Carlotta, resulting in the banishment of Luisa Carlota and her family to Paris
, where the queen consort
was her aunt.
Enrique and his brothers were educated in the French capital. At the Lycée he met his cousin, Antoine, Duke of Montpensier
, with whom he later developed an intense rivalry that would eventually end in tragedy. Enrique spent time in Belgium
, where his cousin, Louise
, was queen consort
of Leopold I
. There he learned of the expulsion from Spain in 1840 of the Queen Regent and her husband.
Finally able to return to Spain, Enrique soon began his military career in Ferrol, Galicia, where he was praised for his excellent conduct. In 1843 he was promoted to lieutenant
, and was commander
of the ship Manzanares. By 1845 he was captain of a frigate
.
Although a possible marriage between Enrique and Isabella II was considered, she married Enrique's brother, Francis, Duke of Cádiz, who was Enrique's elder, but whose effeminacy
had been had been construed as rendering him an unlikely father and therefore a less suitable marital candidate. At the same time the queen's younger sister, the Infanta Luisa
was married to the Duke of Montpensier at the instigation of France.
Openly offended at these setbacks, and accused of taking part in a revolt against the monarchy in Galicia, Enrique was expelled from Spain in March 1846, shortly before the wedding of his brother and the Queen. Don Enrique took refuge in Belgium, where his sister Isabel Fernandina was staying. At that time he was considered a candidate for the throne of Mexico
, although there is little evidence that Enrique pursued that prospect with enthusiasm.
on 6 May 1847. Upon their return to Spain, the couple was banished to Bayonne
, later settling in Toulouse
.
They had four sons and one daughter:
, and was asked to join the International Workingmen's Association
. He publicly became a freemason
, and attained the 33rd rank in the Masonic Scottish Rite
.
On 13 May 1848 he was stripped of his royal rank and titles (his children, being born of a morganatic marriage
were untitled). In 1849 he asked the Queen's forgiveness in order to return from exile. The family settled in Valladolid
in 1851, but were soon forced to return to France. Later in 1854 he returned to Spain, residing in Valencia, where his fourth son, Alberto, was born and where his second son, Luis, died shortly after Alberto's birth. Enrique's rducal title was restored, but not the title of Infante.
of the army, and three years later he was promoted to Lieutenant General
. In 1863 his wife died after giving birth to their fifth child, and was buried in the convent of Descalzas Reales, rather than in the Spanish royal tombs at the El Escorial
, reserved for queens and infantas of Spain.
, which took place near La Fortuna, in Leganés
, Madrid
, on 12 March 1870. Enrique was shot and killed, removing him as a public critic of the duke's alleged aspirations on the Spanish throne.
Enrique's eldest son refused to accept the 30,000 pesetas
that the Duke of Montepensier offered as compensation
. Enrique, who was no longer an Infante of Spain, could not be buried in El Escorial, but was buried in the cemetery of San Isidro, in Madrid.
Enrique's children were adopted by his brother, Francis.
Foreign
House of Bourbon
The House of Bourbon is a European royal house, a branch of the Capetian dynasty . Bourbon kings first ruled Navarre and France in the 16th century. By the 18th century, members of the Bourbon dynasty also held thrones in Spain, Naples, Sicily, and Parma...
, Spanish
Spain
Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...
Infante and Duke of Seville
Duke of Seville
The Dukedom of Seville is a Spanish nobility title granted in 1823 by Ferdinand VII of Spain to his nephew Infante Enrique. The Dukes are also Grandees of Spain.The current Duke of Seville is Don Francisco de Borbón y Escasany.-List of holders:-Source:...
, grandson of Charles IV of Spain
Charles IV of Spain
Charles IV was King of Spain from 14 December 1788 until his abdication on 19 March 1808.-Early life:...
. He was known for his progressive, even revolutionary ideas during the reign of his cousin and sister-in-law, Isabella II of Spain
Isabella II of Spain
Isabella II was the only female monarch of Spain in modern times. She came to the throne as an infant, but her succession was disputed by the Carlists, who refused to recognise a female sovereign, leading to the Carlist Wars. After a troubled reign, she was deposed in the Glorious Revolution of...
.
Early life
Infante Enrique was born at SevilleSeville
Seville is the artistic, historic, cultural, and financial capital of southern Spain. It is the capital of the autonomous community of Andalusia and of the province of Seville. It is situated on the plain of the River Guadalquivir, with an average elevation of above sea level...
, Spain
Spain
Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...
fourth child and second son of Infante Francisco de Paula of Spain
Infante Francisco de Paula of Spain
Infante Francisco de Paula of Spain was the youngest son of Charles IV of Spain and Maria Luisa of Parma.-Marriage and children:...
(1794–1865), (son of Charles IV of Spain
Charles IV of Spain
Charles IV was King of Spain from 14 December 1788 until his abdication on 19 March 1808.-Early life:...
and Princess Maria Luisa of Parma
Maria Luisa of Parma
Maria Luisa of Parma was Queen consort of Spain from 1788 to 1808 as the wife of King Charles IV of Spain. She was the youngest daughter of Duke Philip of Parma and his wife, Louise-Élisabeth of France, the eldest daughter of King Louis XV.She was christened Luisa Maria Teresa Ana, but was known...
) and his wife, Princess Luisa Carlotta of Naples and Sicily (1804–1844), (daughter of Francis I of the Two Sicilies
Francis I of the Two Sicilies
-Biography:Francis was born in Naples, the son of Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies and his wife Archduchess Maria Carolina of Austria. He was also the nephew of Marie Antoinette and Louis XVI the last King and Queen of France before the first French Republic....
and Infanta María Isabella of Spain
Maria Isabella of Spain
María Isabella of Spain was an Infanta of Spain and the Queen of the Two Sicilies. She was the second wife of Francis I and the youngest surviving daughter of the Spanish king Charles IV and his consort Maria Luisa of Parma...
).
Born in the Andalusia
Andalusia
Andalusia is the most populous and the second largest in area of the autonomous communities of Spain. The Andalusian autonomous community is officially recognised as a nationality of Spain. The territory is divided into eight provinces: Huelva, Seville, Cádiz, Córdoba, Málaga, Jaén, Granada and...
n city of Seville, his uncle King Ferdinand VII granted him the title of Duke of Seville
Duke of Seville
The Dukedom of Seville is a Spanish nobility title granted in 1823 by Ferdinand VII of Spain to his nephew Infante Enrique. The Dukes are also Grandees of Spain.The current Duke of Seville is Don Francisco de Borbón y Escasany.-List of holders:-Source:...
, also in 1820 when he conferred the title of Duke of Cádiz
Duke of Cádiz
The Duchy of Cádiz is Spanish nobility title. Its name refers to the Andalusian city of Cádiz.-History:After the death of the 1st Duke, the Catholic Monarchs negotiated with Francisca Ponce de León y de la Fuente, the abolition of the Marquisate and Duchy of Cádiz, reinstating the city and the...
on his eldest brother Francisco de Asís (and, after his death a year later, on Francis. Enrique was baptized with the name Enrique María Fernando Carlos Francisco Luís and his godparents were his maternal aunt, Princess Marie Caroline, Duchess of Berry
Princess Caroline of Naples and Sicily
Caroline of Naples and Sicily was the daughter of the future King Francis I of the Two Sicilies and his first wife, Maria Clementina of Austria.-Life:...
, and her son, the Duke of Bordeaux, for whom he was named.
In 1833 the death of his uncle, Ferdinand VII, divided the court between supporters of the Princess of Asturias, now Queen Isabella II
Isabella II of Spain
Isabella II was the only female monarch of Spain in modern times. She came to the throne as an infant, but her succession was disputed by the Carlists, who refused to recognise a female sovereign, leading to the Carlist Wars. After a troubled reign, she was deposed in the Glorious Revolution of...
, and their mutual uncle, Don Carlos
Don Carlos
Don Carlos is a five-act grand opera composed by Giuseppe Verdi to a French language libretto by Camille du Locle and Joseph Méry, based on the dramatic play Don Carlos, Infant von Spanien by Friedrich Schiller...
. Enrique's maternal aunt, Queen Dowager Maria Christina
Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies
Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies was Queen consort of Spain and Regent of Spain .-Early years and first marriage:...
, the widow of Ferdinand VII, would become the regent
Regent
A regent, from the Latin regens "one who reigns", is a person selected to act as head of state because the ruler is a minor, not present, or debilitated. Currently there are only two ruling Regencies in the world, sovereign Liechtenstein and the Malaysian constitutive state of Terengganu...
of Spain from 1833 to 1840.
The second marriage of the Queen Regent with Agustín Fernando Muñoz y Sánchez in 1833 caused a disagreement between she and her sister, the Infanta Luisa Carlotta, resulting in the banishment of Luisa Carlota and her family to Paris
Paris
Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
, where the queen consort
Queen consort
A queen consort is the wife of a reigning king. A queen consort usually shares her husband's rank and holds the feminine equivalent of the king's monarchical titles. Historically, queens consort do not share the king regnant's political and military powers. Most queens in history were queens consort...
was her aunt.
Enrique and his brothers were educated in the French capital. At the Lycée he met his cousin, Antoine, Duke of Montpensier
Antoine, Duke of Montpensier
- Titles and styles:/*13 July 182421 September 1824: His Serene Highness Prince Antoine d'Orléans*21 September 18249 August 1830: His Royal Highness Prince Antoine d'Orléans...
, with whom he later developed an intense rivalry that would eventually end in tragedy. Enrique spent time in Belgium
Belgium
Belgium , officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a federal state in Western Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts the EU's headquarters, and those of several other major international organisations such as NATO.Belgium is also a member of, or affiliated to, many...
, where his cousin, Louise
Louise of Orléans
Louise of Orléans was born a Princess of Orléans and was Queen consort of the Belgians as the wife of King Leopold I...
, was queen consort
Queen consort
A queen consort is the wife of a reigning king. A queen consort usually shares her husband's rank and holds the feminine equivalent of the king's monarchical titles. Historically, queens consort do not share the king regnant's political and military powers. Most queens in history were queens consort...
of Leopold I
Leopold I of Belgium
Leopold I was from 21 July 1831 the first King of the Belgians, following Belgium's independence from the Netherlands. He was the founder of the Belgian line of the House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha...
. There he learned of the expulsion from Spain in 1840 of the Queen Regent and her husband.
Finally able to return to Spain, Enrique soon began his military career in Ferrol, Galicia, where he was praised for his excellent conduct. In 1843 he was promoted to lieutenant
Lieutenant
A lieutenant is a junior commissioned officer in many nations' armed forces. Typically, the rank of lieutenant in naval usage, while still a junior officer rank, is senior to the army rank...
, and was commander
Commander
Commander is a naval rank which is also sometimes used as a military title depending on the individual customs of a given military service. Commander is also used as a rank or title in some organizations outside of the armed forces, particularly in police and law enforcement.-Commander as a naval...
of the ship Manzanares. By 1845 he was captain of a frigate
Frigate
A frigate is any of several types of warship, the term having been used for ships of various sizes and roles over the last few centuries.In the 17th century, the term was used for any warship built for speed and maneuverability, the description often used being "frigate-built"...
.
Although a possible marriage between Enrique and Isabella II was considered, she married Enrique's brother, Francis, Duke of Cádiz, who was Enrique's elder, but whose effeminacy
Effeminacy
Effeminacy describes traits in a human male, that are more often associated with traditional feminine nature, behaviour, mannerisms, style or gender roles rather than masculine nature, behaviour, mannerisms, style or roles....
had been had been construed as rendering him an unlikely father and therefore a less suitable marital candidate. At the same time the queen's younger sister, the Infanta Luisa
Infanta Luisa Fernanda, Duchess of Montpensier
Infanta María Luisa Fernanda of Spain was Infanta of Spain and Duchess of Montpensier. She was the youngest daughter of king Ferdinand VII of Spain and his fourth wife Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies, the queen-regent, who was also his niece.-Biography:-Heiress-presumptive:When her elder...
was married to the Duke of Montpensier at the instigation of France.
Openly offended at these setbacks, and accused of taking part in a revolt against the monarchy in Galicia, Enrique was expelled from Spain in March 1846, shortly before the wedding of his brother and the Queen. Don Enrique took refuge in Belgium, where his sister Isabel Fernandina was staying. At that time he was considered a candidate for the throne of Mexico
Second Mexican Empire
The Second Mexican Empire was the name of Mexico under the regime established from 1864 to 1867. It was created by Napoleon III of France, who attempted to use the Mexican adventure to recapture some of the grandeur of earlier Napoleonic times...
, although there is little evidence that Enrique pursued that prospect with enthusiasm.
Marriage and family
Shortly thereafter, Enrique was allowed to return to Spain, where he met Elena María de Castellvi y Shelly (1821–1863), daughter of Antonio de Padua de Castellvi y Fernández de Córdoba, Count of Castellá and his wife Margarita Shelly. The Queen did not support the misalliance, so the couple eloped to RomeRome
Rome is the capital of Italy and the country's largest and most populated city and comune, with over 2.7 million residents in . The city is located in the central-western portion of the Italian Peninsula, on the Tiber River within the Lazio region of Italy.Rome's history spans two and a half...
on 6 May 1847. Upon their return to Spain, the couple was banished to Bayonne
Bayonne
Bayonne is a city and commune in south-western France at the confluence of the Nive and Adour rivers, in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department, of which it is a sub-prefecture...
, later settling in Toulouse
Toulouse
Toulouse is a city in the Haute-Garonne department in southwestern FranceIt lies on the banks of the River Garonne, 590 km away from Paris and half-way between the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea...
.
They had four sons and one daughter:
- Enrique de Borbón y Castellví, 2nd Duke of SevilleEnrique de Borbón y Castellví, 2nd Duke of SevilleEnrique de Borbón y Castellví, 2nd Duke of Seville was the second Duke of Seville and the eldest son of the controversial Infante Enrique, Duke of Seville, grandson of Charles IV of Spain and younger brother of Francis, Duke of Cádiz, King consort of Isabella II of Spain...
(3 October 1848 – 12 July 1894) who, in 1870 married Joséphine Parade, and had issue. - Luis de Borbón y Castellví (7 November 1851 – 25 February 1854)
- Francisco de Paula de Borbón y CastellvíFrancisco de Paula de Borbón y CastellvíFrancisco de Paula de Borbón y Castellví was son of the controversial Infante Enrique, Duke of Seville, grandson of Charles IV of Spain and younger brother of Francis, Duke of Cádiz King consort of Isabella II of Spain...
(29 March 1853 – 28 March 1942) who, in 1877 married Maria Luisa de La Torre y Bassave, and had issue. He married secondly in 1890 Felisa de León y Navarro de Balboa, and had further issue. - Alberto de Borbón y Castellví (22 February 1854 – 21 January 1939), 1st Duke of Santa Elena who, in 1878 married Marguerite d'Ast de Novelé, and had issue.
- María del Olvido de Borbón y Castellví (28 November 1863 – 14 April 1907) who, in 1888 married Cárlos Fernández-Maquieira y Oyanguren, and had issue.
Return to Spain
While in France, Enrique several times proclaimed himself a revolutionaryRevolutionary
A revolutionary is a person who either actively participates in, or advocates revolution. Also, when used as an adjective, the term revolutionary refers to something that has a major, sudden impact on society or on some aspect of human endeavor.-Definition:...
, and was asked to join the International Workingmen's Association
International Workingmen's Association
The International Workingmen's Association , sometimes called the First International, was an international organization which aimed at uniting a variety of different left-wing socialist, communist and anarchist political groups and trade union organizations that were based on the working class...
. He publicly became a freemason
Freemasonry
Freemasonry is a fraternal organisation that arose from obscure origins in the late 16th to early 17th century. Freemasonry now exists in various forms all over the world, with a membership estimated at around six million, including approximately 150,000 under the jurisdictions of the Grand Lodge...
, and attained the 33rd rank in the Masonic Scottish Rite
Scottish Rite
The Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite of Freemasonry , commonly known as simply the Scottish Rite, is one of several Rites of the worldwide fraternity known as Freemasonry...
.
On 13 May 1848 he was stripped of his royal rank and titles (his children, being born of a morganatic marriage
Morganatic marriage
In the context of European royalty, a morganatic marriage is a marriage between people of unequal social rank, which prevents the passage of the husband's titles and privileges to the wife and any children born of the marriage...
were untitled). In 1849 he asked the Queen's forgiveness in order to return from exile. The family settled in Valladolid
Valladolid
Valladolid is a historic city and municipality in north-central Spain, situated at the confluence of the Pisuerga and Esgueva rivers, and located within three wine-making regions: Ribera del Duero, Rueda and Cigales...
in 1851, but were soon forced to return to France. Later in 1854 he returned to Spain, residing in Valencia, where his fourth son, Alberto, was born and where his second son, Luis, died shortly after Alberto's birth. Enrique's rducal title was restored, but not the title of Infante.
Exile to France
Soon after the Duke of Seville again expressed leftist ideas in 1860, he again went in exile to France. There he obtained the rank of Captain GeneralCaptain General
Captain general is a high military rank and a gubernatorial title.-History:This term Captain General started to appear in the 14th century, with the meaning of commander in chief of an army in the field, probably the first usage of the term General in military settings...
of the army, and three years later he was promoted to Lieutenant General
Lieutenant General
Lieutenant General is a military rank used in many countries. The rank traces its origins to the Middle Ages where the title of Lieutenant General was held by the second in command on the battlefield, who was normally subordinate to a Captain General....
. In 1863 his wife died after giving birth to their fifth child, and was buried in the convent of Descalzas Reales, rather than in the Spanish royal tombs at the El Escorial
El Escorial
The Royal Seat of San Lorenzo de El Escorial is a historical residence of the king of Spain, in the town of San Lorenzo de El Escorial, about 45 kilometres northwest of the capital, Madrid, in Spain. It is one of the Spanish royal sites and functions as a monastery, royal palace, museum, and...
, reserved for queens and infantas of Spain.
Death
Between 1869 and 1870 Enrique published several pamphlets and articles hostile to his cousin, Antoine de Montpensier. He challenged Montpensier to a duelDuel
A duel is an arranged engagement in combat between two individuals, with matched weapons in accordance with agreed-upon rules.Duels in this form were chiefly practised in Early Modern Europe, with precedents in the medieval code of chivalry, and continued into the modern period especially among...
, which took place near La Fortuna, in Leganés
Leganés
Leganés is a city in central Spain. Part of the greater Madrid conurbation - mainly a satellite-city with a population of 186,066 it is located about 11 km southwest of the city centre....
, Madrid
Madrid
Madrid is the capital and largest city of Spain. The population of the city is roughly 3.3 million and the entire population of the Madrid metropolitan area is calculated to be 6.271 million. It is the third largest city in the European Union, after London and Berlin, and its metropolitan...
, on 12 March 1870. Enrique was shot and killed, removing him as a public critic of the duke's alleged aspirations on the Spanish throne.
Enrique's eldest son refused to accept the 30,000 pesetas
Spanish peseta
The peseta was the currency of Spain between 1869 and 2002. Along with the French franc, it was also a de facto currency used in Andorra .- Etymology :...
that the Duke of Montepensier offered as compensation
Weregild
Weregild was a value placed on every human being and every piece of property in the Salic Code...
. Enrique, who was no longer an Infante of Spain, could not be buried in El Escorial, but was buried in the cemetery of San Isidro, in Madrid.
Enrique's children were adopted by his brother, Francis.
Titles and styles
- 17 April 1823 – 13 May 1848: His Royal Highness Infante Enrique of Spain, Duke of Seville
- 13 May 1848 – 12 March 1870: DonDon (honorific)Don, from Latin dominus, is an honorific in Spanish , Portuguese , and Italian . The female equivalent is Doña , Dona , and Donna , abbreviated "Dª" or simply "D."-Usage:...
Enrique de Borbón y Borbón-Dos Sicilias, Duque de Sevilla
Honours
- Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece
- Grand Cross with Collar of the Royal and Distinguished Spanish Order of Charles III
Foreign
- Knight of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta